City Investment Bank General Terms of Loan. Investment loan: how to get a loan for the project. Forms of investment lending

The credit investment program is organized with state support and aims to implement financial assistance to small and medium businesses in order to qualify for the qualitative development of any production. Almost all investment loans are carried out by government banks and are a long-term lending form.

The concept and features of the investment loan

Investment loan is a special banking servicewhich is manufactured in order to improve production activities, expand your own business, as well as to implement any small and medium-sized business projects.

Most often this service is provided. credit organizations In long-term form and can be used for special lending to commodity purchases, as well as the formation of various production assets.

All this will significantly improve the activities of any production, as well as implement new business projects. That is why this program is very popular among borrowers who care about the quality development of the enterprise.

Most often this service enjoy manufacturing companies engaged in construction, agriculture, as well as developing various innovations to increase the overall efficiency of the enterprise and receiving additional sources of profit.

At the same time, create a loan for special Program Can not only special joint-stock companies, but also persons who are individual entrepreneurs. Announced lending system has its own characteristics:

1. When making a loan, not only the creditworthiness of the client is exposed to a detailed analysis, but the overall competitiveness of the project invested is also analyzed. This uses a system of high-quality feasibility study of all manufactured activities for which a loan is taken.
2. On the this species Lending imposed strict restrictions for the financial organization. The bank must provide a loan for a period that fully corresponds to the payback of the future project.
3. The investment loan is provided under a fairly low interest rate.
4. There is a special system preferential period Repayment of the main loan, according to which the loan holder can make payments only percentage. As soon as the favorable project is introduced into the "operation" and will begin to bring a certain income, the entrepreneur may repay the main loan in conjunction with the interest rate.
5. The investment form of lending can only be approved for the implementation of target events. All funds taken must be spent on the modernization of business solutions, as well as their reconstruction. At the same time, creditors can continue to carry out a detailed check and find out what purpose funds were spent.
6. This type of loan is drawn up only by those entrepreneurs who have a successful practical experience of doing business. In addition, the borrower needs to provide liquid real estate, which will give further collateral for the bank.

Types of investment loans

The investment lending system can be represented by several species:

• project option - involves the qualitative development of new business projects;
• expansioning species - provides for the improvement and further development of existing production;
• the construction option is used to be able to implement various reconstruction, as well as construction projects on the construction of commercial real estate objects.

Each of the species involves special purpose Investment loan and fully corresponds to the basic conditions of registration.

A special loan form can be presented in the following variations:

1. Bank investment loan is a standard view of a loan that suggests a long-term lending system to implement various business projects.
2. State version. It involves obtaining a loan on a special preferential program, and it will be necessary to provide collateral real estate. Banking structures offer a reduced interest rate for project implementation.
3. Trade loan is the issuance of a monetary loan for business development and the purchase of goods for implementation. Such types of loans allow you to significantly increase the working capital.
4. The issuance of bonds is carried out with the actions of the National Commission on the Stock Market, while the whole procedure should be carried out with the help of official legal support.

Basic conditions

Special lending system can be organized for legal entities, as well as for officially registered individual entrepreneurs. At the same time, special attention is paid to the implementation of profitable activities of enterprises for a set time. Additionally, an inspection on the presence of debts at the borrower on credit and tax liabilities is made.

Who can get funds

The investment banking system of lending can be provided for special manufacturing companies, as well as functioning small and medium businesses. Additionally, the loan design system is valid for individual trading firms. Profitable credit It may be provided to entrepreneurs whose age does not exceed 60 years. At the same time, the borrower should have a positive credit history and the absence of any debts in front of the state.

Requirements for applicants and documents

Requirements established on the investment lending system are significantly different from standard loans. To implement this procedure, you will need to perform a number of actions:

• make a qualitative calculation of all business project parameters;
• exercise special procedure technical and economic conclusion of the measures committed (at the same time, the borrower should have a detailed business plan that fully meets the goals of future financing);
• the borrower must independently invest some of its own funds for the implementation of successful production.

Additionally, the requirements for the preparation of documentation are presented:

• all contractual agreements must be documented;
• it is important to make a proportion properly for the implementation of additional guarantees;
• the borrower needs to provide an official statement indicating the detailed amount of the overall cash loan, as well as all documentation confirming the right to conduct entrepreneurial activities.

Terms and interest rates

Such a parameter as the interest rate on an investment loan is determined on the basis of the overall use of the state loan, as well as the presence of collateral. Also, the overall accrued rate can be "floating" with a detailed analysis of all existing bank risks. Total percentage It is possible to pay for the actual number of days of use by the borrower provided.

Detailed interest rate is fixed in a credit institution contract on the basis of additional solutionfully relevant to the policy of issuing loans of this company. Some credit organizations provide for additional interest for operating expenses, as well as the total cost of attracting bank resources to implement the lending procedure.

Is it worth taking a loan for investment

Modern market conditions suggest careful control of all processes related to business development. At the same time, additional investment investments are used to increase working capital.

To implement successful business projects, you can use a special lending service on loyal conditions. But it is necessary to foresee the return on the project in advance - that is why the banking institution requires a detailed to consider each item of an individual business plan.

The modern investment lending system involves competent development of small and medium businesses. The funds obtained can be used to work in order to improve the modernization of any equipment operating in production, as well as to implement specific projects that affect the increase in the efficiency of the enterprise.

Special investment loans to improve the efficiency of small businesses in the competent approach allow to significantly improve the economic parameters of any production.

Sources of obtaining financial support for individuals and entrepreneurs are quite a lot. Someone turns to a bank or MFI (microfinance organization), someone is convenient to get a loan from the investment company. What is this direction and how it differs from the rest of the proposed - Consider below.

Lending from the investment company

Financial difficulties are solved in two ways. Own reserves are sought, which may be a permanent income or pre-postponed part of the profits received, or the applicant addresses third-party financing. Get money can different ways, it all depends on several factors:

• the amount of necessary funds;
• the deadline for which the loan is taken;
• supporting documentation;
• creditor requirements.

As for the last item, methods differ here. Banks carefully select potential customers, therefore obtaining a loan with such a method is accompanied by significant difficulties.

If a person (or entrepreneur) is sufficiently baked about his financial affairs, all the time he conducted transactions without delays, paid out percentages - the bank will be happy to cooperate with him. However, many citizens of the Russian Federation cannot say with confidence that their credit history is quite good for contacting the bank. What else can wait for a person with this method of financing?

To get a loan in the banking sector, a number of formalities must be observed. First, the applicant will be conducted on its last financial life and current consistency. All previous credit activities will be checked with the participation of a person, as well as its reaction to complications. If there are negative records of a negative nature - overdue payments, debts, etc., then the bank with the coolness reaches a concerned citizen.

Secondly, some mandatory things, such as permanent employment and income in the desired amount, will increase the chances of the applicant to receive a loan. The bank calculates the options in advance, under which a person will not be able to return the loan. If the applicant works seasonally or its income below a certain minimum - it makes sense to rely on a financial assistance of a financial nature.

It is easier to go over the other way of obtaining third-party funds. IN this case It will be suitable less demanding for the seeker of MFIs or a loan from the investment company.

The only minus of this nature relationship is the interest rate. Issuing small amounts, companies are insured due to high percent From no return. True, the requirements for the applicant are minimal.

There are still many undeniable advantages:

• the age of a converted citizen ranging from eighteen to seventy;
• round-the-clock appeal;
• the possibility of working remotely, without visiting the representative office;
• getting funds on a map of any bank, or an electronic wallet;
• registration occurs at a rapid pace;
• no confirmation of employment and income is required;
• there is no need to attract guarantors.

Listed can be long enough. However, there is another significant point that can be attributed to negative. The amounts that MFO manipulate are often not exceeding several tens of thousands. There are companies issuing large sums, but at the same time they have to use collateral.

Otherwise, obtaining monetary help from MFIs looks promising, especially in a cut relationship to credit history. Often citizens resort to the following: take and return small loans to create positive records in the credit history. Consider another way to obtain a monetary loan, which possesses the parameters of both the above methods, and takes mostly the best features.

Online loan from the investment company

Many companies attach various financial efforts in order to increase their own cash flows. Investing funds in various projects, including co-financing and - there is a rather advantageous event. Large and small investment funds offer lending on the terms of almost identical in that they offer MFIs, while:

• loans are offered at a less high rate;
• financial support is stable;
• the accompanying documentation is also small.

Companies are convenient to invest their own credit money, especially if we are talking about investments in small entrepreneurship. Individual entrepreneurs can take large amounts, leaving the property owned by them, or make loans under the guarantee of their own business.

Investment companies are not linked by the Rules of banks, therefore may offer favorable conditions while remaining in sufficiency. An individual approach to each appeal allows investors to attract all new customers.

What needs to be taken to get a loan from an investment company? You can contact the global network to find the relevant portals involved in the collection and dissemination of information about such investment projects. In such a place it is easier to compare the proposed product according to certain parameters:

• interest rate;
• the duration of the agreement and the possibility;
• geographic binding;
• the possibility of receipt money different ways;
• the documentation required to conclude an agreement.

The amounts that investors manipulate are large enough to cover the need not only for private appeals, but also inquiries from individual entrepreneurs. Small business gets support, and an investor is an opportunity to earn on its capital.

When you need to get financial assistance, It is necessary to determine several factors. If a person is not in a hurry and can wait a few days, then it is worth contacting the bank, where they will conduct the appropriate checks on his consistency and provide him with a loan.

In case of failure of this appeal, it is not necessary to be upset, because to go to MFIs or to investors - the same ordinary way of finding finance. At the same time, do not forget about the rate of the microcreditors and sufficiently small amounts that they manipulate.

When it comes to a stable deal with good characteristics, you can pay attention to investors. Many companies operating in the finance market offer their fixed services on sufficiently loyal conditions. Get a loan from an investment company sometimes looks like the most profitable event.

Investment loan

Financing of investment projects in the framework of the State Program for Support Investment Projects implemented in the territory of the Russian Federation on the basis of project financing approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 11.10.2014 No. 1044.

Basic conditions for granting credit funds

1. loans are provided by Russian credit institutions and international financial organizations selected for participation in the program (hereinafter - authorized banks);
2. loans are provided in Russian rubles;
3. the interest rate for the person to whom the loan is provided to implement the investment project selected for participation in this Program (hereinafter - the final borrower) should not exceed the interest rate set by the Central Bank Russian Federation, when providing authorized banks of credit funds in order to refinance loans issued authorized banks end borrowers, plus 2.5 percent per annum;
4. the loan agreement should include the right of an authorized bank to change the interest rate on the loan solely, subject to the interest rate set by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, when providing authorized credit banks in order to refinance loans issued by authorized banks to end borrowers, and within its change. In case of refusal by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, provide credit funds to the authorized bank in order to refinance the loan issued by the authorized bank to the final borrower, the authorized bank has the right to change the interest rate on the loan only under the condition of termination by the Bank the State Guarantee Authorized by the Bank in the prescribed manner;
5. the loan is targeted and can be used exclusively for financing an investment project selected for participation in the program.

Requirements for investment projects and investment project initiators

1. The criteria for selecting investment projects to participate in the program are:

• implementation of an investment project based on project financing;
• location on the territory of the Russian Federation of the production site of the investment project;
• implementation of the investment project in accordance with the main activities of the Government of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2018 in one or more of the following priority sectors of the economy:
  

  Agriculture (including the provision of services in this industry);
  - processing production, including food production;
  - chemical production;
  - Machine-building complex (aircraft manufacturing, shipbuilding, automotive and other);
  - housing construction;
  - transport complex, including air transport (airports, air carriers, transport infrastructure);
  - communication and telecommunications;
  - production and distribution of electricity, gas and water and other resources;

• the total cost of the investment project, defined as the sum of all costs for the investment project, with the exception of interest on loans, is at least 1 billion rubles and no more than 20 billion rubles;
• financing no more than 80 percent of the total value of the investment project at the expense borrowed money;

2. Additional requirements for investment projects (including the indicators of their effectiveness, etc.) can be established by authorized banks in accordance with their internal documents.

3. A person representing an authorized bank documents on an investment project (hereinafter referred to as an investment project initiator), and the final borrower must meet the following requirements:

• the presence of the status of a legal entity registered in the Russian Federation;
• lack of overdue (unresolved) tax debts, fees and other mandatory payments to budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation, including state extrabudgetary funds;
• lack of excited proceedings in case of insolvency (bankruptcy) in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on insolvency (bankruptcy);
• the lack of registration of a legal entity, which is the controlling person of the Initiator of the Investment Project and the final borrower, in the state or on the territory, which provide a preferential tax regime of taxation and (or) do not provide for disclosure and provision of information during financial transactions (offshore zones), the list of which is approved by the Ministry Finance of the Russian Federation.

The initiator of the investment project and the final borrower can be the same face.

Additional requirements for end borrowers (including organizational and legal form, capital size, financial position, etc.) can be established by authorized banks in accordance with their internal documents.

Documents for providing Alfa-Bank to JSC in order to analyze investment projects to participate in the program

I. Application for participation in the selection, signed by an authorized person of a person who submits to an authorized bank documents on an investment project implemented in the territory of the Russian Federation on the basis of project financing (hereinafter - an investment project), including comprising the following information:

1. full name, location, taxpayer identification number and main state registration number the initiator of the project, the final borrower and the authorized bank;
2. name of the investment project;
3. the limit amount and term of the loan attracted to implement the investment project;
4. the amount of warranty.

Investment project documents must contain the following information:

1. Name of the investment project.
2. Brief description of the investment project.
3. Organizations participating in financing an investment project.
4. Objectives of the investment project.
5. Contribution of the investment project to achieve the objectives of the industry strategy, the strategy for the development of the region and targets state programs Russian Federation.
6. Assessment of potential demand (market volume) on products (services).

The term of the investment project:
- the construction phase;
- Phase exploitation.

7. Volume capital investments In real prices.

The amount of financing of the investment project:
- borrowed financing, planned maturity of loans and loans;
- equity;
- means of partners in the investment project;
- budget resources.

8. The planned indicators of the effectiveness of the investment project, including the net present value (which must be nonnegative), the internal rate of profitability and payback period.
9. Rating of the long-term creditworthiness of the Initiator of the Investment Project (if applicable).
10. Social effects from the investment project.
11. Creating social infrastructure facilities.
12. Risks to implement an investment project.
13. Analysis of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of an investment project.
14. The results of the technological and price audit of the investment project.
15. Information about the organizations planned to involve as performers (contractors) in the implementation of the investment project and their experience in the respective areas of activity.
16. Responsible executive investment project (contact details).

Explanatory note, which consists of:
- from the section containing the rationale for the strategic significance of the investment project and comprising a description of the value of the project for the economy of the country (region) and the emerging socio-economic effects from the implementation of the investment project;
- From the section containing a description of potential restrictions for the successful implementation of the investment project and including subsections, describing the limitations associated with the product marketing market, quality technical Study investment project, organizational study of the investment project and its management, as well as the resource base of the investment project;
- from the section containing alternative embodiments of the investment project and indicating possible options Implementing an investment project when changing the data provided for in paragraphs 6 - 9 and 14 of this section.

II. Motion scheme cash streams Borrower (groups, if the borrower is included in the group of companies). The diagram should be attached description of the business group with decoding the functions of individual companies (including the borrower).

III. Accounting reporting at the last reporting date and for the last completed fiscal year (balances and forms No. 2, 3, 4, 5).

IV. Audited consolidated reporting (in accordance with IFRS / GAAP standards) on a borrower / group for the last calendar year and half a year (depending on the frequency of the formation) (if consolidated reporting is prepared).

V. Deciphering existing credit products in banks, as well as credit liabilities to the current date (creditor name, type of credit product, interest rate, type and amount of collateral, date of issue, repayment date, repayment schedule, limit amount Debt, the current form of debt, the presence of overdue and prolongations (in the presence of overdue or prolongations, it is necessary to indicate their term and cause of the occurrence).

Vi. Documents characterizing the credit history of the initiator of the investment project and the final borrower, as well as their participants (shareholders) (if available).

VII. Certificates of the Initiator of the Investment Project and the ultimate borrower that the initiator of the investment project and the final borrower did not initiate the proceedings on the insolvency (bankruptcy) in the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on insolvency (bankruptcy).

VIII. Information on the position of the company in the market (with the indication of the main competitors and market share).

IX. Other documents on request of the bank.

Table of contents [show]

Investment lending - Banking service, a loan that can be consumed to improve the current production, expanding business, as well as to implement new projects. The popularity of this form of the loan is growing day by day: borrowers bribe relatively low interest and long repayment period (banks are ready to wait until the firm comes to the break-even point - the loan period may exceed 10 years), creditors themselves - the risklessness of the transaction, because if the enterprise is uncompetitive, The bank can pick up his property and split at the auction, returning the borrowed amount entirely or at least a large part of it ( fixed assets Transmitted bank until the project starts to be implemented). In investment lending, production companies (construction, agriculture, innovation) are most often resorted - for them it is the most affordable and cheap way Increase the efficiency of activities, upgrading equipment. There are no restrictions on organizational and legal form and other signs - currently not only joint-stock companies can count on an investment loan, but also individual entrepreneurs And even ordinary citizens who dream of their business.

Features of investment loan

Investment lending is one of the elements of the state of small and medium-sized businesses, therefore, almost all loans are funded by state banks (including the Russian Development Bank and Vnesheconombank). For commercial banks, such long-term lending is simply unprofitable (and many of them are not at all capable of pulling it). Investment lending has a number of features:

• Unlike the standard lending to individuals, the Bank is not checked by the borrower itself, but the competitiveness of his project, which is why the key document affecting the bank's approval is a feasibility study - a feasibility study of events.
• The investment loan imposed restrictions for the bank. So, the bank can not require a percentage exceeding the profit yield, and provide a loan for a period less than the payback period of the project (the desire of the entrepreneur to repay the loan as soon as possible to play a cruel joke with his business). The presence of such limits causes banks to verify the TEO and the investment project even more carefully.
• The entrepreneur can enjoy the preferential repayment period, that is, to pay exceptionally interest on the loan without reducing the main part of the debt. To fully repay the loan, it begins after entering the object into operation.
• Investment loans are strictly targeted. Funds are spent exclusively for reconstruction or modernization. During the money not "left" to other needs, lenders carefully follow. In some cases, credit organizations even assist entrepreneurs themselves in financial calculations to organize the timely receipt of monthly payments.

Varieties of investment loan

There are several types of investment loans: in the first case (project) is taken by a loan for the implementation of a completely new project, the calculation of the yield of which is made with a loan to the need to pay monthly payments. Expansion loan is needed to enterprises operating not the first year - with its help they solve the tasks of expansion, the opening of branches, the modernization of equipment. A loan for construction organizations is highlighted in a separate appearance, since it is necessary to provide more documents to its receipt of the borrower (for example, a permit for construction work).

Forms of investment loan

Investment financing can have a large number of forms, each of which is still divided into subspecies. Schemptically can be submitted this: we consider it in detail only bank loansSince with them entrepreneurs most often dealt. The simplest form is a one-time loan. On the personal account of the enterprise, the Bank lists the agreed amount and takes a monthly percentage from the entrepreneur. At the same time, the borrower can repay in different ways:

• Annuity. This method is familiar to everyone who once took a loan. The monthly fee is calculated in advance and change is not subject to change.
• Paying the main debt equal to tranches. The borrower repays the bulk of the debt and the percentage on it separately from each other.
• Individual. Interest is repaid monthly, and the principal debt - as it is stipulated in advance with the bank.

The credit line is less popular, but much more favorable form. The bottom line is that the borrower is not constantly by credit funds, but receives the necessary amount when he needs it. Credit line analogue - simple credit bank card. Credit lines are also different:

• Easy. The borrower uses the banks of once for a certain period.
• Revolving. The borrower can repay the existing debt (or part of it) and again to take credit funds.
• Onchool. For the borrower, a limit was introduced, and it can use means, as wishes before it is achieved.
• Contractory. Bank starts for the borrower by type accounting balance (Active Passive). Once the money on this account appears, they are immediately written off at the expense of debt repayment.

Underwriting - The method of lending when the customer is transmitted to the means by redeeve the issues of bonds for which the borrower is the issuer. As a rule, the object of underwriting becomes only those securitieswho have a floating course that is correlated with monetary metals, for example, gold. Separately, it is necessary to lease - a fairly new phenomenon for the Russian market. Leasing - Form rental equipment that can be redeemed after the expiration of the rental period. Leasing is especially recommended to young companies that have not yet settled on the market: if the business is ineffective, the equipment taken into lease can be returned. Bought the same machines will have to be sold, and quite cheap - the likelihood is great that the grief-entrepreneur will remain with big debts.

Requirements for customers

As already mentioned, the requirements for the borrower of the investment loan are somewhat different than to a simple borrower. Needed:

• The presence of a real investment project. That is why it is quite difficult to obtain an investment loan to organizations engaged in innovation, it is quite difficult - the banks are skeptical about new developments.
• TEO and business plan. In TEO, the goals of the investment loan and the project implementation steps should be specified as detail. In addition, the TEO must contain the company's accounting data over the past 3 years (if the company existed).
• The presence of positive credit history. Good reputation - a big plus for a borrower. And the banks primarily considers the experience of the client in repaying precisely investment loans and only then - as a simple borrower.
• Investment of own funds. Some banks require 50% of the cost of project implementation from the client, but this is the maximum. The borrower proves its money by investing that he himself believes in the feasibility of the project.

How the bank makes calculations

To determine the conditions for investment lending, banks use the same formulas. For example, a loan period is calculated by such a formula: Ci \u003d Cp + PP + PC, where in turn PC \u003d K / (PR + A). In this formula, the CP is the term of project implementation, PP - grace period, PC - the loan repayment period. In the second formula K - the amount of the loan (together with interest), the age of profit, which will be directed to debt repayment, A is the annual amount of depreciation. The same effectiveness of the investment project, the Bank evaluates the following indicators:

1. Income from investment is the most important indicator, which primarily depends on the monthly payment. Calculated like this:

PV \u003d ΣN (PK / (1 + R) ^ P) In this formula, the following values \u200b\u200bare present: PK - annual receipts, P is the investment period, R is the discount rate.

1. Index Profitability Investment (RI). It is considered as follows:

PI \u003d PV / ΣN IC, where IC is the amount of initial investment. This indicator demonstrates which income is from the unit of invested funds. The decision to issue a loan is accepted if Ri is more than zero, therefore, the project is profitable.

1. Payback period of investments (PP). The formula is such:

PP \u003d σn IC / PL, where PL is the secondary arrival by year. Based on this formula, the loan period is also determined.

What documents should be provided by the Bank?

In addition to those documents that are already described, it is necessary to obtain an investment loan: 1. An application for a sum of money. 2. Firm constituent documents (for example, Charter). 3. Permission to conduct activities (relevant for construction). 4. Copies of the passports of the head and the chief accountant, labor contract, Prisoner with the leader, as well as the Protocol on the appointment of the head for the position. 5. The financial statements of the company over the past few years. 6. Certificate of registration of the company. This package is basic. Banks can present individual requirements for the borrower.

Today, financial institutions are offered several types of loan. The most common one is a loan on investment goals. This is a loan issued individuals and companies for the long term. The funds go on the development of production, the implementation of projects for the reconstruction of equipment, that is, the improvement of activities.

General concepts

Investment loans are loans issued by banks to individuals and legal entities to implement a specific investment program. With it, the company solves the task:

• acquiring new machines and equipment;
• financing modernization and reconstruction of production facilities;
• receiving money for the construction and repair of buildings.

Important! The credit method for financing investment projects is an opportunity not only to expand already existing activities, but also re-refill it.

Using a loan B. investment activity In their work can afford:

• individual entrepreneurs;
• small and medium businesses;
• large producing production;
• trade organizations;
• agricultural enterprises, etc.

That is, the right to get this kind of loan is all.

Is the Bank favorably

Such investment operations of credit institutions are very risky, because the allocation of funds for the future business is carried out, based on the assumptions of borrowers and their vision of the prospects. This led to the fact that banks put high demands for possible borrowers. At the same time, the interest on investment loans is significantly higher in comparison with ordinary lending. The main steps of the borrower to receive a loan:

1. Writing a business plan with detailed project implementation calculations, with a wide descriptive part. It indicates the purpose of the loan, the timing of the project, the results that the entrepreneur expects to receive the project in the process of implementing the project and at its end.
2. Formation of a package of documentIn addition to the above financial document, it includes all constituent documents, financial statements over the past few years.

The use of credit and investment activities of banks implies the implementation of such conditions:

• at least one year of the company's existence (a period of time depends on a particular bank: one or two years);
• the company must be located and operate in the region where a credit institution is present;
• the enterprise should have a deposit (it can be real estate, vehicles, equipment, working capital, manufactured products). If the collateral is not enough, the bank has the right to demand the guarantor.

In which conditions are issued investment loans

A loan for investment goals is issued only after the lender takes a positive decision to which a thorough check of the borrower is preceded. In general, the list of conditions looks like this:

1. Such kinds of loans are also obtained by one amount, and in the form of a credit line.
2. The amount issued is, as a rule, within 500 to 40,000 thousand rubles. It is possible to design a currency loan.
3. Loan investment borders: from 3 to 10 years. Sometimes, the term is increased to 15 years.
4. Investment loans: the rate on them is in the range from 10 to 18% per annum.
5. At the time of issuing a loan, the Bank, in most cases, takes a commission for issuing a loan (its size ranges from 0.5-2% of the amount issued).
6. Selecting a loan repayment method: annuity payments, or drawing up an individual schedule.
7. There is an opportunity to push the date of the loan quenching for up to 6 months.

Important! Investment loan is the attraction of funds for objectives contributing to the improvement of the company's activities. Long term is needed so that the organization fully implemented its intended changes and began to make a profit. Often, banks help entrepreneurs, offering optimal lending conditions, advice on competent means of funds.

Methods for evaluating borrowers

International Rating

Understand the investment loan: what it is impossible without determining investment ratings. This is a view regarding the creditworthiness of the borrower to fulfill its loan obligations. Opinion relies on the international comparative base and consists of:

• risk that may arise as a result of any negative actions of governments;
• risks that are associated with the country where the company is going to work. Risks are associated with possible fluctuations in the currency in which the loan is issued.

Credit rating is an opinion that demonstrates the scope of its use. So, there are ratings financial Sustainability Insurance, ratings of counterparties on various transactions, credit ratings of companies and states.

National Rating

This is the ability of the debtor to fulfill its credit obligations in comparison with the same criteria for other enterprises of the industry. The difference from the international rankings is only that the comparison is occurring in a separate country, taking into account all the risks of doing business in it. Nationally, ratings are relying on the analysis of credit risks of large borrowers, including the government, within one state. Eventually:

• the highest rating is obtained by the most sustainable companies;
• no potential borrower, even the state, will not receive the highest score, if there is a probability of default in relation to the most creditworthy companies.

Important! The most common organization forming international investment and credit ratings is Stan-Dard & Poor's. Forms ratings or throughout the company, or on a specific step (emission of bonds, the implementation of a large project, etc.).

Influence of investment processes

Consider investment processes and their impact on loans. The investment process is called activities to increase national capital by the participants of the reproduction process. It directly affects the dynamics of the economic system. These processes directly affect the creditworthiness of borrowers, as well as the ability to issue loans. We highlight the factors that affect the ability to receive an investment loan:

• financial and economic;
• scientific and technical;
• social;
• political;
• scientific;
• legal;
• demographic.

Within economic factors allocate the company's tax burden; Undust and low reliability banking system, high energy prices; inflation. Investment activities and processes also negatively affects the bundle of the population, the low standard of living, the lack of a significant interlayer of the middle class, corruption, increased criminalization. All this negatively affects the national and investment loan international. Considering the legal factors, allocate:

• lack of a worked regulatory framework;
• private legislation adjustment;
• low level of execution of legislation.

What positively affects the investment process and, accordingly, the process of issuing an investment loan:

• stabilization of the national currency;
• improving banking legislation and the entire system;
• increasing the income of citizens;
• improving the IT industry.

Important! Joint-stock legislation regulating investment activities of credit institutions directs their work in the stock market. This contributes to the extension of the money supply and increases the possibility of issuing an investment loan.

Let's summarize

Investment loans is a loan to the implementation of a certain goal issued for a long time. With their help financial institutions Actively participate in strengthening the economic system, because the loan will go on improving production (as well as either on its creation, or expansion, etc.). Thus, a loan for investment goals - investment in the country's economy and its improvement.

The leadership of most enterprises is clearly aware of the need to modernize production, but far from all have a sufficient amount of funds for its full implementation. When it is not possible to enter a new level of profit by introducing innovation and updating production facilities at the expense of our own resources, the investment lending. This is the optimal exit for enterprises in need of improving the quality of products and the reorganization of production.

What is an investment loan?

As a banking product for legal entities, an investment loan is a long-term target loan issued for a specific investment program. The amount of the transaction in this type of loan may be estimated by hundreds of millions of rubles, and this circumstance naturally led the distinctive features of the investment loan:

• in this case, the Bank acts as an investor who undertakes most of the risks associated with the implementation of the project;
• such a loan may be issued only to the applicant with the real practical experience of building a successful business;
• loan mortgage obligations should be provided by the liquid property of a potential borrower;
• with the help of such a loan, Jurlso can finance current goals, including separately.

Who can take advantage of the type of lending to legal entities?

Investment Credit The following categories of borrowers are provided, as a rule:

• small and medium businesses;
• large manufacturing companies;
• trade firms;
• agricultural and other enterprises.

The investment loan allows the enterprise to solve most of the important tasks requiring additional funding. Among them:

• acquisition or construction of commercial real estate;
• buying motor vehicles or new equipment;
• repair / reconstruction of office, industrial or other premises;
• introduction of innovative technologies;
• improving the management model of the enterprise;
• refinancing loans in another bank etc.

It is worth noting that for the bank such type of lending It is considered rather risky, because in this case actually happens financing Future business based on prospects only. Based on this, credit institutions Pretty borrowers are presented to potential borrowers, and the cost of borrowed funds is often more expensive than with ordinary lending.

Requirements for the borrower put forward by banks of Russia

So, investment credit - This is a long-term target loan for a large amount, therefore, for its extradition, the Bank needs good reasons. Most often, the first step of the borrower becomes preparation and provision of an investment program (so-called technical and economic substantiation), which clearly indicates the purpose of financing, the estimated deadlines for the project implementation and the expected end result. In addition, an advanced set of documents is required to receive an investment loan, whereby a business plan and financial statements Borrower companies in the last year. Among the general mandatory conditions for obtaining such a type business financing in russian banks It should be noted as follows:

• the term of the existence of a business from year to two (depends on a specific credit institution);
• location of the enterprise in the Bank's presence region;
• the presence of collateral in the role of which corporate or personal property can act (transport, real estate, equipment), as well as goods, working capital. In the absence of or insignificance, a guarantee may be required at the legal entrance of its own assets.

Terms of provision of an investment loan

Before adopting a positive decision, the lender must study in detail the information about each individual borrower, after which the loan is issued on individual conditions, which depend on the financial and economic parameters of the credited project. In the most generalized form, the list of these conditions is as follows.

1. Loans of this kind can be both one-time and in the form of a credit line.
2. The amount is from 500,000 to 40,000,000 rubles (monetary equivalent possible).
3. Launch period - 3-10 years, in some cases up to 15 years.
4. Interest rate from 10 to 18% per annum.
5. The bank may charge a lump sum commission when issuing a loan from 0.5 to 2% of the loan amount.
6. The repayment of the loan is carried out by annuity payments or according to individual graphics.
7. It is possible to delay the repayment of the principal debt to six months.

It should be known that in the overwhelming majority of cases, the investment loan is issued for a sufficiently long period so that the company can fully implement the planned changes and achieve the outlined results. At the same time, the banks are often going towards entrepreneurs, providing the possibility of choosing the best conditions for this type of business lending, as well as real help in competent use of borrowed funds.

Investment lending is not identically long-term, although also involves a longer use of credit resources, in contrast to short-term loans for replenishment of working capital.

First of all, the investment lending is characterized by the presence of a funded project, a new or already existing, for the implementation or development of which the credit resources attracted by the Borrower attracted by the enterprise. At the same time, the investor bank actually assumes part of the risks associated with the implementation of the project funded. And the result of the decision made in favor of lending a project, respectively, depends on the income project planned from the project. Thus, the currently accepted current financial condition Enterprises, profit value, the dynamics of growth of indicators, sustainability, creditworthiness, solvency of the enterprise, but also has an important importance and the investment project itself. Special attention When lending to the investment project, refers to the predicted result, on the planned "exhaust" from the introduction of the project "to life".

At the same time, which is especially important for borrowers, the attraction of long-term resources does not reduce the limit of lending to replenishment of working capital, that is, the enterprise-borrower has the possibility of separate financing of investment and current goals.

Investment lending is traditionally divided into directly investment lending, project financing and financing of construction projects. Each direction deserves separate consideration.

Investment lending implies the infusion of long (long-term) money in the enterprise, which is closest to the concept of long-term lending. This direction is less risky, because the actual performance of the enterprise for the analyzed period is taken into account, the forecast indicators are built, including, without taking into account the implementation of the project, since if the enterprise continued to engage in current activities under the same circumstances and at the same time would pay the costs of Investment loan. As a rule, under this direction is suitable for re-equipment, updating fixed assets, purchase of additional equipment, expansion of a fleet or a fleet of technology, the acquisition and launch of another similar line of equipment, buying another store and the like expansion of current activities. That is, the company continues to move in the usual direction or, if it opens a new direction, then only when there is a possibility to cover all risks of profit received from current activities.

Project financing is the area of \u200b\u200blending, where the bank financing risks partially assumes the creditor bank, since it is planned to finance a project that did not have a place to be, and the payback of the project is carried out from the expected benefit from the project. Accordingly, the company intends to pay with the creditor bank creditor at the expense of the revenue project obtained from the implementation of the project. The project financing includes new self-sufficient business areas of the current enterprise, or the creation of a new enterprise, new production. The creditor bank may even become a direct investor of the enterprise, that is, to carry out investments directly in his statutory capitalIf it counts on an increase in the company's cash flows in the future and accordingly, receiving profits from their investments.

Financing construction projects is the provision of loans for the construction of residential, commercial and production facilities. As a rule, the Bank finances construction project With a ready-made package of necessary initial and permits for construction and installation work, approved design and estimate documentationdecorated land plot (the right of long-term lease or property). That is, the Bank's financing is attracted at the investment stage of the project, when the preparatory stage of the project, project and other preparatory work has already been implemented without the participation of the Bank. In this direction, the most high demands on the proportion of the enterprise-borrower in the implementation of the project of own funds. When considering the project, the economic effect of the intended use of areas under construction is calculated whether they will be rented or will be implemented in the future.

Basic requirements for the bank to the borrower

Lending to investment projects implies the presence of a well-developed business plan, a feasibility study and, in fact, contracts (agreements, transactions) providing for the supply of purchased property, the implementation of the necessary work.

Of course, the borrower, or in some cases, the guarantor must have a sustainable financial position, to be able to qualitatively serve and promptly repay the provided loan.

The implementation, more precisely, the financing of the Bank does not take on one hundred percent on all interest, requires a mandatory share of the investment by a borrower of own funds, which fluctuates from twenty to fifty percent of the total cost of the project. At the same time, it is possible to consider the already implemented by the borrower at the stage of preparation of the investment project, but the implementation of such investments may be limited. For example, we will be taken to account as your own investments will be only funds spent by the enterprise to implement the project no earlier than in the last six months.

Investment lending as well as other species bank lending It assumes the existence, that is, loans are provided under liquid deposit.

When considering the project, the experience of the initiator of the project in the implementation of such projects is taken into account. This factor is not defining, but increases the likelihood of a positive decision of the Bank on the granting loan.

Requireively analyzes affiliate (interrelated) with a borrower of the enterprise.

Basic investment lending conditions are somewhat different from short-term loans:

Readiness to invest own funds to the project or documented the investments made;
- Monthly repayment of interest (less often quarterly), but a small postponement of payments is possible;
- loan period to seven, in some cases up to ten years, especially if the borrower implements a project with state support. The payback period of investments should not exceed the loan period;
- the debt repayment schedule is coordinated with the borrower and directly depends on the parameters of the project funded;
- must be deposit;
- The loan is provided both in rubles and in foreign currency (if, for example, imported equipment is purchased abroad);
- Various loan modes are allowed depending on the specifics of the project;
- The loan can be provided for the purpose of financing the costs of previous costs or refinancing of the existing debt to other credit institutions involved in financing investment costs.

Risks of hidden lending investment projects due to short-term sources

In the event of short-term loans with the calculation of subsequent prolongation or "kissing" (since "short" loans are easier to obtain, less than a package of documents, and so on) to finance long-term goals, the enterprise borrower risks in the future or not to get a loan under the same conditions Either, more dangerous, to get a refusal to provide the next loan.

In case of compliance with the objectives of the enterprise to attractive investments, both in quality and in terms, the borrower receives a guaranteed invariability of lending conditions for the period of project implementation (subject to the lack of force majeure). Also, the benefit for the borrower is to reduce the costs of laying a pledge (especially requiring registration) on long-term loan agreements compared to short-term, in which the registration of each encumbrance is required. In addition, during long-term investment lending, organizational costs, labor and temporary costs for collecting documents for registration and prolongation of short-term loans are reduced.

Investment lending is a product that appeared on financial market more than 10 years ago. It is relevant for novice entrepreneurs or existing organizations, and contributes to their early development by attracting credit funds for the purchase of equipment, buildings and other property.

What is investment lending with simple words

So, investment lending is homeing money to business (beginner or operating) for its development. According to the structure of sources of financing, it is divided into several types:

• Banking: Money is allocated in the form of a target loan, or a renewable or non-renewable credit line;
• State when funds are listed from the federal or municipal budget. This is available only for individual industries, the development of which will be economically beneficial for the country;
• Money from foreign organizations. Investments are investment in the Russian enterprise, and the investor receives profit from income. Also lenders can be foreign banks.

Investment banking loans are most popular, outstanding for the following purposes:

Project financing	Financing to expand the current business	Investing in construction
Investments are invested in new project or enterprise	Money is investing in the purchase of new equipment, the construction of additional production workshops, etc.	Are attracted to the construction of any type of squares usually after receiving all permits and licenses
The loan amount is calculated from potentially possible profits.	An organization's yield is taken into account for different periods of time, the size of the loan is calculated from this.	To calculate the loan, the amount of owned by the borrower of own money is taken into account, potentially possible profits from the use of funded real estate facilities
A business plan with detailed calculations will be required.	Accounting and tax declarations are provided to consider the application to the Bank	In the bank sent reports on actual and planned costs

Note! There is also currency investment lending at which the company is issued in foreign currency. For example, such a proposal is in the Uralsib Bank: a loan period - up to 6 years, the minimum amount is equivalent to 50,000,000 US dollars, a form - a one-time loan or credit line (renewable or non-renewable). Property is transferred to the departure.

Investment loan: species and classification

Investment loans are divided into several types:

• In investment: to open a new enterprise or expanding the current business, technical re-equipment of production, for reconstruction;
• In the frequency of lending: a disposable or credit line (cyclic and seasonal);
• By industry: for industry, agricultural industries, trading networks, communications, transport services;
• In terms of investment: an increase in capitalization, replenishment of working capital, intangible or labor assets;
• By credit timing: short-term (1-3 years), medium-term (3-5 years), long-term (from 5 years).

Formula for calculating investment loans

Each Bank uses individual formulas to calculate the timing, amounts and mandatory loan payments. Consider a conditional example of monthly payments, which may noticeably differ from the proposal of a particular bank.

The company takes 5,000,000 rubles on credit. For a period of 1 year (12 months) at a rate of 10%. Monthly payment will be calculated as follows:

The monthly interest rate is determined: 10/12 \u003d 0.83%

(5,000,000 × 0.83%) × 12 \u003d 498 000 rub. per month. Total, for the year it will be necessary to pay 5,976,000 rubles, overpayment is 976,000 rubles.

Please note: overpayment is equal to almost 20% of the loan amount, although the rate on it is 10%.

If a loan is taken for a longer period - for example, for 10 years, the overpayment can grow at times, although a monthly payment is reduced accordingly.

Requirements for borrowers for investment lending

Investment lending is a big risk for banks, so they make increased demands to borrowers:

These are only general criteria. To assess the reliability and solvency of borrowers, banks use individual methods. In fact, investment lending is similar to other collateral loans, but, unlike them, the lender and the borrower pursue one goal - an increase in profits at the enterprise. The entrepreneur is beneficial for obvious reasons, but its financial well-being is important for the lender: if there is a risk of reducing returns after the conclusion of the contract, this may entail losses and for it.

Investment lending programs

Consider several banking proposals:

Bank's name	Time	Rate	Goal	Form of granting a loan	Sum
Rosselkhozbank (for legal entities only)	Up to 96 months	Individually	Purchase of transport, real estate, equipment, replenishment of fixed assets, reconstruction of premises	One-time sum or in the form of a credit line with a limit	Up to 60,000,000 rubles.
VTB	Up to 12 years old	From 10%	Acquisition of goods, equipment, real estate, transport	One-time loan or credit line without resumption	Up to 150,000,000 rubles.
Sberbank	Up to 15 years		Financing of leasing transactions, investment projects, import of goods, replenishment of working capital, and other goals	One-time loan or all types of credit lines	Calculated individually
UniCredit Bank	1-10 years old	Individually	Goods, Equipment, Business Expansion, Real Estate, Transport	One-time loan	Up to 73,000,000 rubles.

Pros and cons of investment lending

To understand whether to resort to investment lending to banks, it is enough to familiarize yourself with the advantages and disadvantages:

pros	Minuses
The emergence of additional financial flows	Must be provided with a deposit: real estate enterprise, transport, other non-current assets. Explosions are removed only after the return of debt
With a competent approach, this makes it possible to increase the yield of the enterprise	High interest rates: on average they vary from 13 to 16% per annum
Opportunity to get large sumscompared with other types of loans	Large datail of repayment of loans
	Such loans are far from all, they are very difficult to receive
Providing a grace period (postponement of payments) for up to 18 months on average	If the money is allocated for the purchase of property, it is subsequently transferred to the Bank's deposit, and until the owner is closed, the owner will not be able to sell it if necessary

If the entrepreneur needs small sum (up to 10 million rubles), it is better to issue a regular consumer loan. Rates on it and an investment loan can be approximately the same (13-16%), but the latter get much easier, besides, it is possible to take money on business development without providing collateral.

conclusions

Large companies presented on, are in a more profitable situation than others: to attract funds, they can release a package of bonds with a markedly lower coupon rate than they would be paid on an investment loan. Moreover, in addition to ordinary bonds, the company can produce both - which allow debt, without becoming bankrupt.

But at the philistine level, the concept of "investment loan" is sometimes understood as a private loan that can be used for investment. We give the debt to the bank, leave the rest. Is it worth doing this? In the mid-2000s, when the Russian market grew on average for tens of percent per annum, such tactics could work. However, the average profitability stock market Below the investment loan rates, which was confirmed after the year: russian market It took eight years to achieve pre-crisis maxima.

Facebook.

Twitter.

In contact with

Odnoklassniki.

Google+