Cayman30. 
Hello, Natalia. 
Houses 2x storey. Two-storey house: layout, options, examples of successful projects, photos. Features of the design and construction of two-storey cottages
The tradition of designing them was formed even when the townspeople were allowed to have private home ownership only in garden partnerships. In a small area, you will not specifically turn on, so the houses stretched up. Explain this is simple - the desire to increase the living area and save place in the garden plot. Otherwise the seats under the garden did not remain.
Today there is an opportunity to build any home. But the projects of two-storey houses continue to be popular with developers, and especially among those who intend to build a house into two families.
It is quite obvious that ordering a project of a two-story house is better if you build housing in a small area. But such projects have other advantages.
Dignity of projects 2-storey houses
- The projects of two-storey houses will help to significantly save on the roof mounting. After all, compared to one-story house, its area will be significantly less.
- Expose a clear division on the day and night zone. First floor - living room, dining room, kitchen, separate toilet and utility rooms. Sometimes an additional living room is added and. On the second - bedroom family members, dressing room and bathroom, combined with laundry.
- You can reduce costs on inter-storey insulation. Due to the fact that warm air rises up, the bedrooms will be warmer than in the first floor premises.
- As practice shows, the cost of 1 m 2 of the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe project of the 2-storey house is cheaper than the cost of 1 m 2 of the one-storey house of similar area. For example, the benefit is felt even on a rough and finishing tie of the floor.
- When laying the foundation, it will not be possible to save significantly. Although under the two-storey house does not need a foundation of a large area, the need to make it more powerful with the calculation of increased loads, equalizes the cost of its bookmark with expenses for the foundation for a single-storey house.
Minuses
Ideal projects do not happen. With all the advantages, you can find disadvantages.
- The need for equipment ladder leading to the second floor is not the most rational use of living space. Usually, losses are 8-14 m 2.
- To the walls withstand the load of the second floor during construction enhance them. And these are additional costs of building materials and payment for workers.
- In order for the second floor to be functional and consistent with modern ideas about comfort, another bathroom is required. To reduce these costs, the bathrooms design one over the other. Thus, although small, but additional costs are foreseen.
Choosing a two-storey house project - summarize
- The two-storey house is more profitable to build on a small land plot - the savings of the site is obvious. The developer receives not only modern accommodation, but also the opportunity to rationally dispose of the earth. In addition, there is a place to build additional economic premises: a garage, summer kitchen or bath.
- Projects of two-storey houses with an area of \u200b\u200bover 200 m 2 - the most economical option.
By sending a "Family Ship" in swimming in the ocean called Individual construction should be well explored "logos" - objective factors affecting the cost and comfort of the future cottage.
On this path of newbies, dangerous mongs and submarine rocks are waiting. One of the main stumbling stumbling stumblingsets is the question of which house is better to build: one-story or two-story.
In favor of each option, not only objective, but also contrived arguments. Getting acquainted with them, the developer is difficult to correctly navigate. Not understanding who can be believed, he begins to act at his own risk.
As a result, the budget has suffered allocated to the creation of a family nest, and accommodation conditions are worse than expected.
The task of this article is the analysis of the main factors that need to be considered: the cost of construction and convenience of residence. Individual tastes and preferences that are "bar", we carried out beyond the discussion. To begin with, remember the first myth, which says that a two-storey cottage is more profitable and more convenient to one-story. With a detailed consideration, you will make sure that it is not quite so.
For a correct comparison of the cost of one and two-storey buildings, it is necessary to bring them to the "shared denominator": the same area, common structural elements and construction technologies. Without this, the analysis loses its meaning, because in different versions the price of each stage will be different.
In popular videos on this topic, the authors allow one serious error. In their tables, they do not compare the average cost of the construction of the cottage, and the volume of basic work. As a result, it is concluded that it is more profitable to build a one-story or two-storey house. We offer a more accurate assessment methodology based on the total amount of alleged expenses.
So, comparable the exercise costs of two cottages of the same area (160 m2): one-storey size of 10x16m and two-story 10x8m. The foundations take tape monolithic reinforced concrete elevative heights (from the sole to the top mark of the base of 1.6 meters, width 0.5 m).
Walls (height 3 m, thickness 0.43 m) - aerated concrete blocks + facing brick.
Overlapping of the first and second floors - wooden beams. Roofing tent bone metal tile (inclination angle of 30 degrees).
To carry out our calculations, average relevant prices are taken for 2017. In each case, the numbers will differ. However, the calculations we produced will clearly show you an objective calculation algorithm and will allow you to compare one and two-storey houses with other parameters.
Foundation
- The perimeter of the foundation of a one-storey building (10 + 16 m) x 2 \u003d 52 PM;
- At the cottage height in 2 floors of the same area, the length of the foundation tape will be less: (10 + 8 m) x 2 \u003d 36 PM.
The volume of concrete for fill in the first case is 52 x 0.5 x 1,6 \u003d 41.60 m3. In the second embodiment, we will need 36 x 0.5 x 1,6 \u003d 28.80 m3. Concrete savings for a 2-storey building will be: 41.60 - 28.80 \u003d 12.80 m3. On the pouring of the scene (width 1 meter thickness 0.1 m) we will save (52-36) x 1.0 x 0.1 \u003d 1.6 m3.
The difference in concrete and reinforcement works, taking into account the price of materials, will be equal to (12.80 + 1,6 \u003d 14.40 m3) x 5 000 rubles. \u003d 72 000 rub. In favor of the "two-story building". If this amount add the insulation of the foundation of the foam (8,000 rubles), then the result will grow up to 80,000 rubles.
Walls
For some it will be news, but the wall area has a one-story building is less than that of two-storey:
- 52 PM x 3M height \u003d 156 m2;
- 36 PM x 6 m of height \u003d 216 m2.
The difference is 60 m2. Savings on the masonry (facial brick + aerated concrete), taking into account the work and materials, it turns out to be equal to 60 m2 x 3400 rubles / m2 \u003d 204,000 rubles.
To this amount, it is necessary to add a rise in price due to high-rise works on the 2nd floor (forest + complexity coefficient). It is at least 15% (204 000 x 1,15 \u003d 234 600 rubles)
As we see, at the laying stage, savings on the foundation completely "eaten" walls. Therefore, on the two-story we go in minus on 154 600 rubles (234 600 - 80,000 rubles.).
Overlapping and roof
In single-level and two-level versions of the buildings of the ceiling area of \u200b\u200bthe same (160 m2). Therefore, in the dispute about how cheaper to build, this point of disagreement does not cause.
But the roof of the "one-storey" under consideration is obtained by 91 m2 (taking into account the slope of the slopes of 30 degrees). The rise in price of the installation with the details of the materials will be: 91 m2 x 2 300 rubles / m2 \u003d 209 300 rubles.
Stairs
Without it, in a two-level house can not do. The price of the staircase fluctuates in a wide range (on average from 50 to 200 thousand rubles). The cost of it is minus "two-story". In comparative calculation, we will take the average value of the cost - 120 thousand rubles.
Second bathroom, welding of heating and electrician
The need to arrange toilet and soul in a two-story building is no doubt. Rise and descend from the bedroom to the first floor especially at night - the pleasure of doubtful. Expenses for plumbing, finishing materials and work in the budget version are at least 50,000 rubles. In a single-storey cottage, the second bathroom is not needed.
The perimeter of the walls in the one-story meters under consideration 52 of the route. At the two-story building, this indicator is 36 x 2 \u003d 72 PM. For the length of laying of heating pipes, we will get a difference (20 m x 2 \u003d 40 m) plus 8 meters on the pipe feed pipe and "reversal" from the boiler to the top level. Price of installation and materials of this additional section of communications: 48 PM x 400 rubles / pm \u003d 19 200 rubles.
The rise in price of the power grid in a 2-storey cottage due to the greater length of the outer walls will be at least 15,000 rubles.
In total, on the positions of "bathroom, heating and electrician" construction of a one-story building is more profitable for the two-story building. Savings will be (50,000 + 19,200 + 15,000 \u003d 84 200 rubles.)
Price total
Comparing the cost of structures, equipment and works on the construction of a two-story and one-storey cottage in our example, the following conclusions can be drawn:
- The foundation and breakfast at the two-story building turned out cheaper by 80,000 rubles;
- Outdoor walls is more expensive by 154,600 rubles;
- Roof savings is 236,600 rubles;
- The staircase lends the construction of 120 thousand rubles;
- The second bathroom along with heating networks and electricians increases costs of 79,200 rubles.
As a result, we get: 80 000 – 154 600 + 209 300 – 120 000 – 84 200 = 69 500 rubles Appreciation during the construction of a two-story house.
Completing the monetary subject, we note that the two-level cottage saves the area of \u200b\u200bthe site. In those regions of Russia, where the Earth is expensive, the construction of high-rise buildings allows you to "win" a very tangible amount.
Pros and cons of living
The second part of the questions does not apply to your wallet, but their meaning is not less than the size of financial investments. Saving at a construction site, you may encounter serious inconveniences to accommodation. Therefore, we consider in more detail what benefits and disadvantages have compared buildings.
Planning premises not separated by height by two levels is more convenient for tenants. With a competently composed plan of one-storey, there is no need for corridors who take a considerable part of the area.
In a two-level house, the main planning problem is a staircase. If you make it comfortable (wide and uncrowded), then it will take at least 15 m2. The desire to save on the size makes it uncomfortable and honesty for the elderly and children. Partially loss of useful area can be compensated by placing a dressing room or storage room under the staircase.
Second floor - welcome corner of silence and leisure for the family. Therefore, here, as a rule, placed bedrooms. Noise of economic and residential rooms of the first floor here almost does not reach.
If the building is built in a picturesque area, then a visibility factor should be taken into account. Two-storey cottage in this plan out of competition. Making an open terrace or loggia at the top, you can enjoy the surrounding landscapes every day. On the first floor you can only admire the beautiful plot and fence.
From an architectural point of view, the high facade is expressive and promising low. It has enough space for the exterior decor (columns, pilaster, eaves, belt). In addition, supporters and opponents of high buildings converge in one: the appearance of such buildings is solid and richer than at low.
If we talk about the cost of service, then the one-story house has more advantages. Any work related to the restoration or replacement of finishing, the drainage system here can be made from the usual staircase. For repair work on a high building, construction forests are needed, an independent assembly or rental of which "will be in a penny".
Solving which house to build, do not forget to relate it to the area with dimensions of the site:
- 5-6 weaves optimally placed residential building with an area of \u200b\u200b120 m2 (single or two-storey) for a family of 4 people;
- sections of 10-12 acres are best suited for cottages up to 200 m2;
- the house of 350 - 400 m2 requires at least 15 acres of free territory.
From the point of view of energy efficiency, the two-story building could be recognized as the best option. Heat from the first-level premises here does not go to the cold attic, but heats the second floor. However, in a two-storey building there is more area of \u200b\u200bexterior walls and, accordingly, heat loss through them is more than in one-storey.
conclusions
Weighing the arguments "For and Ag." can conclude that financially the construction of a one-story cottage is more profitable. Practice shows that this advantage is preserved in most cases, nevertheless, this conclusion is not the axiom. From the point of view of the comfort of living, the cost of repair and maintenance "One-etching" also wins at a two-level structure.
In the asset of a two-story house you can record the savings of the area of \u200b\u200bthe site. In addition, its advantages include a more expressive appearance of the facade and good visibility.
Video "For" one-story stores:
Video "For" two-story building:
Beautiful projects of two-storey houses: photo, catalog
Planning projects of two-storey houses: advantages
We introduce any changes to the projects of two-storey houses, create unique individual projects of two-storey houses, offer reliable contractors for the construction to your home, pleased for many years!
Two-storey projects have several advantages and remain popular and in 2017.
- First of all, the layout of the two-storey houses is more convenient to plan the attic - no need to beat the bevelled ceilings, the living area of \u200b\u200bthe second floor is greater. In addition, while the estimates of expenses, as a rule, slightly different from the attic home.
- Two-storey cottages occupy a much less place on the site than one-storey.
- All projects of two-storey houses suggest clear zoning: the second floor is devoted to the night zone, and the first day.
- Although it should not be forgotten that the staircase can become a risk factor for young children and older people. Therefore, if the place allows, the best solution will be the design on the first floor of an additional bedroom, or even two.
Projects of two-storey houses, photos, video, schemes and sketching projects of which are presented in this section, on styles can be divided into two types: modern classic and modern high-tech.
Regardless of which design of two-storey houses, they are all ergonomic and cozy. Almost any room has convenient quick access, they are logical, depending on the destination. Pantry near the kitchen, technical premises in one block, often next to the garage, dressing room and bathrooms near the bedrooms. For the most rational use of the area in small houses, the rooms are trying to make spacious at the expense of the lower area of \u200b\u200bbinding and technical premises.
Plans for projects of two-storey houses Z500: project documentation and characteristic differences
By ordering in our company, plans of two-storey houses, you get all the 5 sections of project documentation: constructive and architectural part, water supply and sewage plans, ventilation layout plans, heating, boiler strapping, as well as power supply plans (engineering sections are extracted additionally). Detailed information about this can be viewed.
Below is an example of a finished project of a two-storey house.
Look below for a selection of popular Z500 two-storey projects:
All projects of our company are copyrighted and guarantee legal security to customers in the construction of private houses for the projects of Z500. Below we put a certificate that confirms that our company officially represents the international architectural bureau Z500 in Russia.
Buy our individual and typical projects of private houses at the average market prices and order their turnkey implementation can be on the company's website or in companies that are presented in the Partner section.
The original projects of our company are characterized by the following differences:
- The cover of the architectural project has wet printing with the identification number of project documentation. The identification number belongs to only this project instance.
- In the form of a watermark on each project project diagonally, the name of the project owner is applied.
- In the explanatory note on the first page there is a wet seal of the company and the signature of the director.
In the absence of at least one of these items, you can be sure that you have acquired a pirated version of our project, which is not copyrighted. In addition, the use of such a project for the construction of a new cottage is subject to penalties. We will be grateful to everyone who informs us about an attempt to sell fake project documentation on behalf of our company.
We wish to find the design of a two-story house in our rich collection, which meets your requirements. Happy viewing!
Pavel
Answer:
| Hello, Paul. 21-65 refers to a series of houses - gasilicate blocks . Cayman30. . Ceramic blocks Cayman30. excellent
Project home for free
. |
The return time of investments in the lapel walls of 303 years.
According to the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings in the suburbs - 3.14 m2 * C / W.Thermal resistance of the outer wall, erected using a heat efficient ceramic block Cayman30. and lined slotted brick - 3,7344 m2 * C / W.
Cayman30.- 0,094 W / m * with.
Thermal resistance of the outer wall embodied using gasilicateblocks D500. With a wall thickness of 500mm and lined slotted bricks - 4,1526 m2 * C / W.
The heat engineering calculation is presented below.
The value of the thermal conductivity coefficient λ d500 aerated concrete blocks
- 0.126 W / m * with.
The final costs of building a house on the project 21-65 Will be lower than on 381 317 rubles When choosing a ceramic block Cayman30.. Detailed comparative cost calculation is presented below.
The walls from the D500 aerated block with a wall thickness of 500mm have a higher thermal resistance, on 9%
above. You can count on the return of invested investments in more "warm" external walls at the expense of saving to heating, during the period of operation of the house.
The question is on the return on the investment made.
Obviousthat heat loss in the heating period will occur not only through the external walls.
- 30-35% The heat loss occurs through the ventilation channels and chimneys.
- The thermal resistance of modern window designs is 3 times lower than the thermal resistance of the outer wall from the block Cayman30.As a result, heat loss through windows make up 20-25% .
- Heat goes through the design of the walls and floor of the basement, as well as the attic overlap. This is 10-15% All heat loss.
- Maximum, the walls have to 30% heat losses, i.e., in the heating check only 30 percent of the amount falls on the walls.
As noted above, the thermal resistance of the external wall structure from the block gasilicate blocks D500.
It turns out to be above 9%
.
Calculate the approximate monthly savings associated with the replacement Cayman30. on a more warm gasilicate blocks D500. with a wall thickness 500mm.
Saving \u003d 2,000 x 30% x 9% \u003d 180 rubles / month.
In that climatic zone where you are planning to build a house, the heating season lasts Seven months.
As noted above, investments in a larger wall will lead to an increase in costs 381 317 rubles.
Consider deadline for investment At the expense of savings on heating costs.
381 317 rubles / 180 rubles / month / 7 months \u003d 303 years old.
1. Strength.
So ceramic block Cayman30.
Kaiman 30.
To begin with, we define the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings for the city of Schelkovo, as well as the thermal resistance to the designs under consideration.
R, M. 2 * C / W).
Schelkovo.
HSOP \u003d (T B - T from) Z from,
where,
t. in 20
- 22 ° C);
t. from Schelkovo
value -3,1
° C;
z OT. Schelkovo
value 216 days.
R Tr 0 \u003d A * HSOP + B
where,
R Tr 0
a and B. but b. - 1,4
R 0 \u003d Σ Δ n. /λ n. + 0,158
Where,
Σ
δ
- layer thickness in meters;
λ
n.
R R 0 \u003d R 0 x R
Where,
r.
According to Standard STO 00044807-001-2006 r. 0,98 .
R. r. 00 Required.
λ a.or λ B.
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Snip "Thermal Protection of Buildings" 1st step. We define Z. Schelkovo |
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According to the table city Schelkovo 2nd step. |
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dry. 3rd step. dry, Schelkovo normal. |
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Summary. |
Alexander
Answer:
 Hello, Alexander. The project is considered by you. 88-05
refers to a series of houses - . Ceramic blocks Cayman30. excellent Blocks of the sewer
For all major characteristics: Strength, Heat Saving. In this case, the final costs will be lower when choosing ceramics. For more information about this below comparative cost calculation. Application of ceramic blocks Cayman30. allows you to build country houses that meet all applicable standards, and in particular those responsible for the "thermal protection of buildings" for such cities as Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Perm, Krasnoyarsk, without inclusion in the design of the outer wall weak link - Layers insulation. At the same time, the cost of the construction of one square meter of housing will be one of the lowest, when compared with any stone block, including in comparison with gas-silicate blocks. Projects of houses from ceramic blocks are included in the promotion Project home for free . Under the terms of the promotion when buying ceramic blocks Cayman30. In our company we will return to you the cost of the project documentation paid |
| The technology of the thermal insulation system of the facade with a thin plaster layer ("wet facade") is shown below. The weak link of any design in which thermal insulation is insulation itself. The service life of mineral wool or polystyrene foam does not exceed 30-35 years. This is due to the fact that phenolic glue gradually evaporates, connecting mineral wool stone fibers. In polystyrene foam gradually, due to the cycles of freezing and thawing moisture, the thermal binding of polystyrene foam balls is destroyed. The second substantial minus of this technology is its complexity caused by the large number of specialized materials, as well as operations requiring the high qualifications of construction personnel and favorable weather conditions for work. And thirdly, with the mines available, you also pay for this technology much more expensive. |
Compare the materials under consideration: the shell and ceramic blocks according to the characteristics and costs of construction.
Run forward informing that building The house under consideration of ceramic block Kaiman30 kerama, in all characteristics superior Carnish 20 * 20 * 40 150 762 rubles.
Compare the materials in question 20 * 20 * 40cm (2000kg / m 3) and ceramic blocks Kerakov Cayman 30. According to the characteristics.
1. Strength.
The strength of wall materials is determined by the limit pressure of the distributed load on the test sample and is characterized by the number of kilograms of forces (kgf) applied to one square centimeter of the material.
So ceramic block Kerakov Cayman30 It has a brand of strength M75, which means that one square centimeter is able to withstand the load of 75 kg.
The value of the stack of the strength of the sewed block with an average density of 2000 kg / m 3, from different manufacturers, ranges from M15 to M35. As a result, every third row of masonry should be reinforced as shown in the photo below.
Ceramic block laying Kaiman 30 keracks Ruined only at the corners of the building, on the meter in each direction. For reinforcement, a basaltoplastic grid is used, laid in masonry seam. The time-consuming sticking and subsequent shelter of the reinforcement in the glue is not required.
The masonry solution when installing ceramic blocks is applied only horizontal seam laying. The mason delivers a solution at once to one and a half or two meters of masonry and makes each next block on a groove-crest. The laying is done very quickly.
When mounting blocks from an enclaring, the solution must be applied to the side surface of the blocks. Obviously, the speed and complexity of masonry with this method of installation will only increase.
Also for professional masonry is not difficult to saw ceramic blocks. For this purpose, a saber saw is used, with the help of the same saws, gas-silicate blocks are collected. In each row of the wall you need to stack only one block.
2. The ability of the constructs under consideration to resist heat transfer, i.e. In winter, keep warm in the house, in summer coolness.
Below is a heat engineering calculation, made according to the method described in the SNIP "Thermal Protection of Buildings".As well as the economic rationale for the use of the ceramic block of Kaiman 30, when comparing the costs of building the house under consideration from the bustker blocks.
To begin with, we define the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings for the city of Sevastopol, as well as the thermal resistance to the designs under consideration.
The ability of the design is to maintain heat is determined by such a physical parameter as thermal design resistance ( R, M. 2 * C / W).
We define the degree and day of the heating period, ° C ∙ day / year, according to the formula (SNiP "Thermal Protection of Buildings") for the city Sevastopol.
HSOP \u003d (T B - T from) Z from,
where,
t. in - the estimated temperature of the inner air of the building, ° C, received when calculating the enclosing structures of groups of buildings specified in Table 3 (SNiP "Thermal Protection of Buildings"): Pos. 1 - by minimal values \u200b\u200bof the optimal temperature of the corresponding buildings according to GOST 30494 (in the interval 20
- 22 ° C);
t. from - average outdoor temperature, ° C in the cold period, for g. Sevastopol value 4
,7
° C;
z OT. - Duration, day / year, heating period, received in the form of rules for a period with the average daily air temperature of no more than 8 ° C, for the city Sevastopol value 136
Society.
The value of the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings Determine by the formula (SNiP "Thermal Protection of Buildings)
R Tr 0 \u003d A * HSOP + B
where,
R Tr 0 - required thermal resistance;
a and B.- coefficients whose meanings should be taken according to Table No. 3 SNiP "Thermal Protection of Buildings" for the relevant groups of buildings for residential buildings but It should be taken equal to 0.00035, value b. - 1,4
The formula for calculating the conditional thermal resistance of the design under consideration:
R 0 \u003d Σ Δ n. /λ n. + 0,158
Where,
Σ
- symbol of summation of the layers for multilayer structures;
δ
- layer thickness in meters;
λ
- coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material of the layer under the condition of operational humidity;
n. - layer number (for multi-layered structures);
0.158 - correction coefficient that can be taken to simplify as a constant.
Formula for calculating the reduced thermal resistance.
R R 0 \u003d R 0 x R
Where,
r. - The coefficient of thermal uniformity of structures having inhomogeneous areas (joints, heat-conducting inclusions, focus, etc.)
According to Standard STO 00044807-001-2006 Tasch No. 8 The value of the coefficient of thermal uniformity r. For masonry from large-format hollow porous ceramic stones and seven blocks should be taken equal to 0,98 .
At the same time, I draw your attention to the fact that this coefficient does not take into account the fact that
- we recommend leading with the use of a warm masonry solution (heterogeneity at the joints is significantly protected by this;
- we use non-metallic, but basaltoplastic bonds as bonding walls and facial masonry, which are literally 100 times less heat than steel bonds (the heterogeneity of the heat-conducting inclusions generated by thermal conductivity) are significantly disturbed;
- the slopes of window and doorways, according to our project documentation, are additionally insulated with extruded polystyrene foam (which levels inhomogeneity in the places of window and doorways, the fabrics).
R R 0 must be greater than or equal to R 0 Required.
Determine the mode of operation of the building in order to understand what coefficient of thermal conductivity λ a.or λ B. Take when calculating conditional thermal resistance.
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The method of determining the operating mode is described in detail in Snip "Thermal Protection of Buildings" . Based on the specified regulatory document, perform step-by-step instructions. 1st step. We define Z.oNU humidity of the building region - Sevastopol using the application in SNiP "Thermal Protection of Buildings". |
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According to the table city Sevastopol Located in Zone 1 (wet climate). Take the value of 1 - wet climate. 2nd step. Table No. 1 Snip "Thermal Protection of Buildings" Determine the humidity regime in the room. At the same time, I pay attention to the heating season, the humidity of the air into the room drops to 15-20%. In the heating period, air humidity must be lifted at least up to 35-40%. Comfortable for a person is considered humidity 40-50%. |
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According to Table 1, humidity regime in the room in the heating period at air temperature from 12 to 24 degrees and relative humidity up to 50% - dry. 3rd step. Table # 2 SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" determine the conditions of operation. To do this, we find the crossing of the row with the value of the humidity regime in the room, in our case - is dry, with a moisture column for the city Sevastopol, as it was clarified earlier - this value is wet . |
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Summary. Answer:
Compare the materials in question, gas silicate blocks and ceramic blocks according to the characteristics and costs of construction. Rating forward to inform that the construction of the house under consideration from the ceramic block Kaiman30 kerama, in all the characteristics of superior gas-silicate block D500.
will be less costly; savings will be 100 109 rubles.
Calculation in numbers you can see at the end of this answer. 1. Strength.The strength of wall materials is determined by the limit pressure of the distributed load on the test sample and is characterized by the number of kilograms of forces (kgf) applied to one square centimeter of the material. So ceramic block Cayman30.it has a brand of strength M75, which means that one square centimeter is able to withstand the load of 75 kg. The value of the grade of the strength of the gas-silicate block with a density of 500 kg / m 3, in different manufacturers, ranges from M35 to M50. As a result, according to the instructions of producing gas silicate blocks, each third row of masonry should be reinforced as shown in the photo below. Ceramic block laying Kaiman 30. Ruined only at the corners of the building, on the meter in each direction. For reinforcement, a basaltoplastic grid is used, laid in masonry seam. The time-consuming sticking and subsequent shelter of the reinforcement in the glue is not required. The masonry solution when installing ceramic blocks is applied only horizontal seam laying. The mason delivers a solution at once to one and a half or two meters of masonry and makes each next block on a groove-crest. The laying is done very quickly. When installing gas-silicate blocks, the solution must be applied to the side surface of the blocks. Obviously, the speed and complexity of masonry with this method of installation will only increase. Also for professional masonry is not difficult to saw ceramic blocks. For this purpose, a saber saw is used, with the help of the same saws, gas-silicate blocks are collected. In each row of the wall you need to stack only one block. 2. The ability of the constructs under consideration to resist heat transfer, i.e. In winter, keep warm in the house, in summer coolness. Below is a heat engineering calculation, made according to the method described in the SNIP "Thermal Protection of Buildings".As well as the economic rationale for the use of the Kaiman30 ceramic unit when comparing the costs of building the house under consideration from gas silicate blocks.To begin with, we define the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings for the city of Bronnitsy, as well as the thermal resistance to the designs under consideration. The ability of the design is to maintain heat is determined by such a physical parameter as thermal design resistance ( R, M. 2 * C / W). We define the degree and day of the heating period, ° C ∙ day / year, according to the formula (SNiP "Thermal Protection of Buildings") for the city Bronnitsy. HSOP \u003d (T B - T from) Z from, where, The value of the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings Determine by the formula (SNiP "Thermal Protection of Buildings) R Tr 0 \u003d A * HSOP + B where,
R 0 \u003d Σ Δ n. /λ n. + 0,158 Where, Formula for calculating the reduced thermal resistance. R R 0 \u003d R 0 x R Where, According to Standard STO 00044807-001-2006 Tasch No. 8 The value of the coefficient of thermal uniformity r. for masonry from large-format hollow porous ceramic stones and gas-silicate blocks should be taken equal 0,98 . At the same time, I draw your attention to the fact that this coefficient does not take into account the fact that
R R 0 must be greater than or equal to R 0 Required. Determine the mode of operation of the building in order to understand what coefficient of thermal conductivity λ a.or λ B. Take when calculating conditional thermal resistance.
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After all the necessary documents are finally decorated on the land plot acquired, you can proceed to layout at home. Of course, you can reconsider several dozen ready-made projects, and you can contact the building company you like with an individual order and separate requirements. The plan of a small two-storey house is selected pretty quickly.
Plan of a small two-story brick house
Recently, the plan of a two-story house with an attic and a garage is greatly popular. But first it is worth considering simple projects of country houses and their design features. Most often, the house of this type is erected from profiled wood, which is characterized by ideal sound and thermal insulation qualities, as well as environmental cleanliness and high level of fire safety.
However, the plan for a two-story house from a glitstic or galvanized bar will require enormous financial investments, so houses from brick and concrete blocks still have not yet lost their popularity.
Plan of a two-storey house of timber One of the important stages of designing a multi-storey building is the selection of building materials, the purpose of which is in providing not only first-class operational characteristics, but also a flawless appearance. The high-quality planning of the two-storey house requires a competent approach to the construction of the foundation supports, which is also another significant factor determining the optimal building materials.
Today, more and more often in suburban areas of small cities, you can see many wooden houses with several floors. The reason for the popularity of wood construction material is impeccable performance and stylish appearance.
The plan of a simple two-storey house of gluing timber and other wood is the best solution for small and quiet areas. The glue bar persistent transfers any impact of capricious weather, a particularly elevated level of humidity and sharp temperature differences. At the same time indoors both on the lower and on the upper floors, a unique atmosphere of home comfort and comfort is created. In addition, this building material meets all European and domestic quality and environmental standards.
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