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Economical foundation for the house of foam blocks. Ribbon foundation for the house of foam blocks. What a foundation is better for the house of foam blocks: pile, ribbon or monolithic

Foundations are the most important and responsible design in the house. They take the entire load from the buildings and transmit it to the ground.

Errors in calculations either when erecting data elements can be expensive to do the owners of buildings. When choosing, as a material for bearing walls, foam blocks, it is necessary to very thoroughly approach this process.

Criteria for the choice of foundation

The right choice of a specific type of foundation is the key to success of its reliability, as well as subsequent long-term operation.

The following factors are taken into account when choosing:

A specific type of soil on a land plot, where construction is assumed.
Drops of height from the accepted zero mark on the surface of the site.
Depth of the magnitude of mail in this region, where the foundation device is planned.
The altitude mark of groundwater.
Seismic activity in this area.
Configuration of the designed building.
Floor planned structures.
The material from which the building will be erected.

Analysis of soil

When choosing a building production technology, soils play an important role. To study the properties of mail, before starting work, conduct special studies. For this, the wells are dried, a few meters in different corners of the land plot.

From the data of wells, extracted on research, soil particles at different depths, in accordance with the layers. After complex and long-term studies on paper, the geological size of the plot is built. From this document clearly seen what layers of the soil, on which marks are locked.

Also, the calculations are extremely clear which of the locomotive soils may be a natural basis for unlocking the foundation.

When building a private house, order such geological research is unforgivable. You can do it easier. To drill a gardener with a hole in the ground to the depth of the soil freezing. In the process of drilling, it becomes clear which soils are locked on a particular site.

It is necessary to plunge on this depth only if the surface soils are bubber, such as clay, and all loams. If the ground is not prone to beagration, then when the foundations are hung, more than 500 millimeters can be broken.

Determination of the load from the house

The load on the foundation base includes three components:

It differs from the type of exposure:

Windward.
Snowy.
Rain.

Impact from installed furniture and household appliances. The calculation of the load on the base is made in order to determine the width of the foundation tape or, the depth of the investment, as well as the degree of reinforcement.

Use of calculations allows:

Prevent possible ground drawing, which can lead to a deformation of the building, or its destruction.
Optimize construction costs, by applying the most advantageous technology. The maintenance of the bearing capacity of the foundations is quite complex and not under the power of the average man. For their work you need to have certain skills

When building a private country house, many neglect by this fact and are trying to calculate themselves. You should not repeat this error, it is better to turn to professionals.

Cost of work

The cost of work depending on the specific conditions can reach up to 40% of the total cost of the structure.

The price is influenced by:

The presence of drops in this area.
Type of soil.
Material for making at home.
Floor structures.

From these factors, the selection of a certain method on the foundation device depends on the compliance.

Features of the foundations for the house of foam blocks

For the construction of a house of foam blocks, depending on the floor and type of soil, the following technical solutions can be applied:

Ribbon foundation. It is a ribbon laid out in a specially dug pitfall. As a material, you can apply concrete with double-sided reinforcement, lay out the foundation from the brick or from all kinds of blocks. It is suitable for such a foundation only under the bearing walls. If overlapping is based in the house on the inner partitions, they must be considered for them in this case. This type is rational to apply on sandy soils that are not susceptible to frosty bent. In this case, the foundation tape can not shower at the mark equal to the depth of the freezing, which will significantly affect the final value of the object.
Columnar. The meaning of this technology lies in the device on the ground separately standing supports. They can be flooded from concrete using a removable or bent formwork, or are lined with bricks. This method is cheaper compared to the ribbon option, but when using it under, it will have to arrange a monolithic scarlet.
Pile. It is used in the case when the upper layers of the soil, for some reason, cannot be a natural basis for supporting foundations on them.

FROMvai in industry are produced:

Scoring. Used in industrial and multi-storey civil construction.
Screw. Metal supports that are immersed in the soil due to rotation around their axis. Used mainly for the construction of wooden buildings.
Buried. With the help of a garden bora, holes are arranged in which the reinforcement frames are immersed and concrete is poured. Subsequently, a monolithic scarlet is poured over pile.

Slab. A new way of building the foundation. It lies in the fact that over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe future construction is satisfied and the sand pillow is compacted. The formwork is mounted around the perimeter, the reinforcement frame is knit for the upper and lower belt. After that, the whole design is poured by concrete. The thickness of the concrete layer and the diameter of the rods of the reinforcement is determined using special calculations. The way is good because it is suitable for use on any soils. The disadvantage is its high cost.

Make a quality foundation on clay soil is very difficult, however, there are many ideal solutions that you will learn about this article.

If you have decided to make a foundation from foam blocks, then you need to know clear features of the arrangement of such a foundation and correctly use the unique properties of the material to get an increased level of quality, reliability and strength. Most often, such a foundation is installed on clay soil, as the foundation actually has a unique number of high strength and stability. At the same time, the process of arranging the foundation is quite simple, fast and affordable.

Tape;
Monolithic;
Columnar;
Pile.

These are variations of the foundation arrangement, based on the use of foam blocks. Note that one of the most rational and right solutions is to create a quality belt foundation, which may be:

Reinforced concrete;
Swallowed;
Small breed.

It is quite obvious that before arranging the foundation, it will be necessary to clean the territory. Next follows the planning process. If you find mole on the territory of the land plot, then find out how to deal with them, you can on the site

Foundation columnal

One of the most rational solutions is the use of a column foundation, which is based on high-quality materials, as well as on an additional reinforcing belt from durable reinforcement. Such a foundation is capable of listening to a fairly significant amount of time, while, for clay soil, a column foundation is the most rational and correct solution.

Pile Fundam

Among the numerous variations of the foundation arrangement, it is the pile option that can be considered the most unique and correct. The thing is that the pile foundation can be installed on any soil, while getting high quality, endurance, strength and reliability prospects.

Today there are many unique methods of arrangement, such a type of foundation based on the application of the following piles;

Pile racks;
Screw piles;
Hanging piles;
Piles with reinforced concrete woodwork.

Foundation for the house of foam blocks on clay soil

It is quite obvious that choosing options for arranging the foundation, you should always keep your attention on those options that are able to provide ideal strength, endurance and durability. In order to correctly choose the desired method of arrangement of the foundation, you need to explore the following features of the land:

The nature of the soil is the composition, groundwater level, the degree of freezing;
The weight of the structure you will be erected (the weight of the structure, future communications and even furniture should be taken into account, which will be used in the future);
The need to build basement;
Terms of construction of the structure;
Features of the construction of the foundation (with their own hands or by the power of specialists).

Foundation from foam block with your own hands

Almost all the foundation options can be constructed independently, the truth for this you will have to get a lot of new information and fulfill all the technical requirements. In this article, we will deal with what types of foundations can ideally impress all wishes and needs, and at the same time performed quickly and simply.

Ribbon foundations

Ribbon foundation produced very quickly and simple. In this case, it should be noted that for clay soil such a foundation is the most excellent option. The depth of the foundation initially should be equal to the depth of the fruit of the soil. You also need to build a certain base, the height of which should be at least 40 centimeters. It is necessary to draw your attention to the fact that the upper part of the base must certainly be reinforced. In this case, a peculiar belt from the reinforcement is created, best in two layers.

Understanding tape foundation

In this case, a slight depth is used, up to 60 cm. It should be noted that for clay soil, this method of arrangement of the foundation is unacceptable. In principle, its uniqueness consists of simplicity of installation and ease of all necessary work. It is for this reason that the foundation is relevant and in demand, but only on non-empty soils.

Foundation columnal

You can make a column foundation on clay soil only if it comes to a single-storey building. The depth should be no less than the depth of the primer of the soil.

Poles are installed in a step of no more than 2 meters. In this case, the depth of pillars should be quite significant. The pillars are installed on a sandy pillow, after which, the entire space is filled with concrete and a reinforcing belt is created.

Naturally, the ambassador to the foundation, you have a lot of work - the construction of the walls, the installation of communications. However, on the site how? How many? Where? You can find recommendations on how to carry out electricity. In principle, there are many interesting advice on the Internet, you only need to use them correctly.

An important criterion for choosing the type of foundation under the house is the type of soils that occur in the territory. Building on clay often requires additional costs. One of the embodiments of the house on the clay is the clipping of all bad soils, followed by filling the pit, draining the soil with a seal.

This procedure requires a large number of earthworks and entails an increase in the cost of construction. To improve the reliability of the base on clay, it is necessary to provide for additional activities.

Types of clay soils

Before it is determined which it is necessary to choose the type of foundation, it is necessary to know the type of grounding soils and their characteristics. For this purpose, engineering and geological surveys with laboratory tests of soil are performed. The geological report will be painted which soils prevail in the construction site.

Spring - soil with a clay content of 10 percent

The type of soil, its humidity and the percentage of sand particles affects the choice of the foundation. According to the regulatory literature, clay soil is divided:

Clay. Here the content is in its pure form more than 30%. This soil can be used under the basis of its homogeneity in the composition and finding the water freezing point above the groundwater layer. It is characterized by high rawness and plasticity.
Loam. It is sand with clay impurities. Its content in the soil is no more than 30%. Suglink is also divided into light, medium and heavy.
Soup. Here the presence of clay does not exceed 10%. This type of soil is almost not used in construction, due to the high probability of its movement under the influence of groundwater.

Depending on the origin and location of the occurrence, ice and alluvial clay are highlighted. The glacial is characterized by a high bearing capacity, compared with other soils of this type. If the layer has large sizes and flows deeply, it can be used under the base. When decreasing depth, the plasticity of clay increases.

Alluvial type of clay soil prevails in lowlands, near water bodies. Due to high plasticity, its use in construction is very limited. Such soil can swim, which will entail the appearance of cracks in the building.

Foundation for clay

Ribbon Foundation on Clay

When choosing a base for the house, it is necessary to determine with soils that lie on the construction site, as well as several very important parameters:

Water content in the soil.
The amount in the percentage ratio of clay particles.
Ground water level.
The depth on which the soil freezes.

To find out the water level in the soil on the site, you can look into the well or make engineering and geological surveys. In each region, the depth of the lands of the Earth is its own, so it is necessary to use regulatory literature to determine this parameter and select it from the tables given in it.

On the same clay ground can be erected by different types of base. The main criterion for choosing the foundation is the material of the walls, what the floodility of the structure, the presence of the basement. For buildings with a large load (wall material brick and concrete) on any types of soil (soup, loam, clay) and the presence of basement is used by a blurred belt foundation.

Types of base

When the water level in the soil is below the height of the soil, a monolithic belt foundation with an enlarged sole is used. Opportion area becomes more, which allows you to evenly distribute the pressure. From ribbon bases it is necessary to take water, by laying sand pillows and drainage pipes.

Another option is a small-breeding belt foundation. This type of base is better to apply under light wood houses. The soil must contain the minimum amount of clay particles and the groundwater level is located below the base. This type of foundation is associated with a rigid construction, to distribute the impact of the soil over the entire length of the tape. With this option, there are great bending efforts, therefore it is arranged two reinforcing belts. A small-breeding belt base is a common floating system that is immune to insignificant exposure to soil. Look at the video, how the ribbon base on clay is erected.

With a large pressure from the future house, the presence of bunching soils and not high groundwater running, choose a slab foundation. In most cases, it is expensive, but also the most stable. This type of base is a floating plate on which the construction of a large house is possible. It is possible to perform a floating plate in the form of a concrete tape.

Floating foundation is well suited for construction on clay. The load from the house is evenly distributed, and with a blur or shift of the Earth, all the stove is shifted completely. The floating plate is not in deep, but necessarily on a sandy-gravel pillow.

If the groundwater is located close to the ground surface, then it is better to apply the pile base on the clay. Piles are clogged or screwed into the depth of solid rocks. Opportuning piles on dense rocks ensures the stability of the foundation, and therefore the buildings as a whole. It is worth remembering that if the choice fell on this type of base, then the owner of the house will have to build a house without a basement.

For fixing piles bind a timber or a chaserler. The timber is used for wooden houses, the walls of which are made of log or bar. If the walls are brick or foam concrete, then sewller is used. A special headpoint is put on the piles, and the timber binds with the help of holes in it.

Choose a floating column foundation under the building on the clay is not solved each. It can only be used for wooden houses. Instead of monolithic design, the FBS blocks or masonry from wall blocks are used. Because of the small supporting surface of the log, the lower crowns are made from a bar, reduce the pitch of the pillars, preventing crumpled wood. For this configuration, both floating slabs and a concrete tape are used. Watch the video how to build a concrete slab on clay.

The construction of the house of foam blocks received great distribution. It can be attributed to lightweight materials, with minimal pressure on the soil compared to brick or concrete. For houses from foam blocks foundation, fine-breeded belt and pile are used.

Causes of deformations of the foundation and measures to prevent

When building a house on a clay should be aware of their features. Depending on the type of clay, the content of sand particles reaches a minimum of 5%. Under the influence of groundwater, sand can be washed out, which will entail drawdown, bunchiness and plasticity.

Foundation drawdown on clay

The most common causes of damage to the foundations of buildings due to clay:

Drawdown at home. When washed out with the groundwater with sandy components, cavities appear, which entails the service of the house. This is characteristic of the high location of groundwater and high pressure on the base.
Bunchiness. It appears in the construction of the foundation above the level of ground freezing, which contains loams or water-saturated clay. When freezing, water increases in size and affects the basis of the bottom.
Impact on the foundation on the side. The greater it in the depth, the higher this load. Clay, due to its plasticity, affect the base on the side, which entails the possibility of cracking or splitting.

To take into account the impact of the Earth below, it is necessary to lay the reinforcement frame throughout the volume, which binds the top and bottom of the base.

For the minimum lateral exposure to the base, the base is wider than the upper part. For waterproofing, it is desirable to cover with a sideways or bind the base of the film. With a decrease in the area of \u200b\u200bthe base on the side, the action of forces when the soil begins decreases.

The depth of the primer of the soil can be changed in a smaller side by means of soiling the soil with special materials around the building.

Articles on the topic:

Foam blocks are relatively lightweight material, so it is often used in construction or installation. But the strength of foam blocks is low. If the wrong foundation is incorrect to be subjected to uneven bent of the soil, the fragile bearing walls from foam blocks will suffer primarily. That is why, when building a house of foam blocks, special attention should be paid to the foundation.

How to determine the type of soil on the plot

Before proceeding with the foundation for a foam block house, the first thing you need to know the type, properties and composition of the soil on which construction will be held. To do this, it is necessary to hire a specialist who will analyze the soil.

Rocky soils Presented in the form of one-piece plates of the rock. They are not freezing and not exposed to natural deformations.
Shuffed soils. These are fragments of rock breed, stones, gravel pieces. Do not be deformed and not freezed. Unlike rock soils, they are easier to dig trenches under the foundation.
Sandy soils Very quickly washed out, water is passed without resistance and constantly compacted under weight, but they are mixed slightly. Not suitable for heavy buildings, but are suitable for buildclock buildings. In turn, sandy soils are divided into: grave sands (whose grit is up to 5 mm), coarse sands (graininess up to 2 mm); Mediterranean sands (grain to 1 mm), dust and small sands with graininess less than 1 - 0.1 mm.
Clay soils. Such soils have a property to deform much, when freezing is frozen, and at a high level of groundwater, it can become swampy. On such a soil, it is best to put the foundation for a depth below the depth of the soil freezing.
Suglinki and Supes. Such soils contain particles of clay and sand, succumb to a little less than clay.

In addition to the type of soil, it is also important to know the depth of the primer of the soil in your region. It can be found using special cards or tables (reference to the article on the freezing of the soil).

Foundation for a house of foam blocks on optimal soil

Given the small weight of the foam blocks, you can choose a ribbon foundation. If the groundwater level exceeds the norm, the optimal is a small-brewed belt, or a floating foundation (reference to the article on the floating foundation).

Layout the foundation based on the depth of the soil freezing. If you are dealing with rocky or shrinkable soil, you can not take into account.

Type of foundation on bunched soils with high levels of groundwater

For the bunched soil, it is best to choose a slab foundation so that the soil deformation has influenced the foundation and walls from foam blocks as little as possible. Under the entire construction there are a monolith plate with a thickness of 40 cm.

With a high level of groundwater, it is necessary to carry out internal and external waterproofing so that the foundation is not deformed under the action of moisture, and the mold and dampness did not appear indoors.

In some cases, it is best to drain the site (reference to the article on the drainage of the site). This will allow you to reduce the level of groundwater and choose almost any kind of foundation.

Belt foundation on weak soils

It happens that on the upper layers of the site is very weak soil, and reliable is at a depth of more than two meters.

In this case, you can use the Belt Belt Type Base, which will firmly become a solid layer of soil. But still the deformation of the soil will affect the walls of the foundation, and this is bad to reflect on the walls of the house. Therefore, the best option will be a column foundation with shuffle to solid soil. The pile pillars are suitable, which can enter the depth of 2.5 m.

Influence of the weight of the house of foam blocks on the foundation

Foam blocks - light and inexpensive material. But, nevertheless, it is impossible to neglect the weight of foam blocks. You need to accurately calculate the weight of the structure and the weight of the furniture in the house. An essential lack of foam blocks is low strength. The deformation of the foundation almost in all cases entails cracks, so you need to accurately calculate the load on the foundation.

Tips for choosing a foundation for the house of foam block

If you choose on a ribbon foundation, then to reduce the action of the bunched soil, it is better to make the walls of the base as smooth as possible.
When erecting a column foundation, make sure that the poles are firmly connected with painter. It is best for this purpose to take monolithic plates.
To save on the slab foundation, you can apply ribbon ribs to it.

Building a house of foam blocks, be careful to the foundation. If the foundation type for the house of foam blocks is in doubt, consult a specialist.

Evaluation of clay soil
Basics of the device of a little breeding foundation
Construction of a low-boiled foundation
Calculation of a little breeding foundation
Fundament device

Construction of a house of foam blocks on clay soil

Each is clear that the foundation is the first-axis and cornerstone of the house under construction.

Filling circuit tape base.

It depends on how strong the building will be, how long it will last. The project of the foundation device for each object is selected individually, based on the characteristics of the soil, the depth of its freezing and the level of water flow. Especially attentive consideration and careful analytical disassembly is subject to a house on a plot with clay soil.

Clay and its varieties is considered the most difficult type of soil intended for the construction of the house. But many buildings (even multi-storey) today are built on such a subline soil. And the construction of a house of foam blocks on clay is a double difficulty. The difficult task will turn into a solved rus, if you understand all the nuances of such construction.

Before building a house, you must definitely choose the right foundation. When choosing will have to be guided by a large number of factors. The question is very responsible, because when moving to the construction of the walls of the house, the support portion of the building will become inaccessible for repair or error correction. To understand what the foundation is needed for the house of foam blocks, it will be necessary to deal with the characteristics of the material, understand how the calculation is performed.

Basic selection criteria

To understand what foundation is better for the house of foam blocks, you will need to pay attention to the features of the wall material. Construction with their own hands of such wall fences, if we consider the effect on the supporting part of the building, it has features:

Instability to uneven soil shrinkages under the sole and, accordingly, the foundation. Flooded house - a structure made of piece materials. The device of such a wall does not provide durable vertical links between the elements, so it does not prevent their displacement relative to each other. In addition, all types of concrete are not resistant to bending effects, namely they appear with uneven shrinkages. If you do the foundation, inclined cracks will go on the walls.
Construction of such a wall material gives a smaller load on the base than the device of walls of brick or concrete. But it is important to calculate correctly and choose the foundation. The foam block fencing is about two times harder than from the tree, therefore, on the choice of supports there are some limitations (the difficulties mostly occur during the construction of piles, both on the screw and burbilling).

To select the design, the carrying capacity of the soil should be taken into account, the load from the structures, climatic features, the location of groundwater in the soil

To choose a foundation for a house of foam blocks, you need to consider the following characteristics and requirements:

the carrying capacity of the ground of the base (from the definition of this characteristic and the calculation of the support part of the building begins);
the load from the overlying structures (for a two-storey and one-story house should be made different selection);
the need for a basement device (if the underground floor is needed, such types of supports such as screw piles, burbilling piles, unbreakable and small-brewed bases) are not suitable;
climatic features of the area (here the role is played here as frosty meal, from which the depth of the laying of the support part of the house will depend on);
the location of the groundwater in the soil (it is important that their level is at a distance of at least 50 cm from the base of the foundation, this is not relevant if the construction is carried out on screw or boronobibilic piles).

As can be seen from the listed, the foundation for the house of foam blocks is not an easy task. To choose it correctly, you will need to take into account the influence of several factors at the same time and do not forget any of them.

Ribbon foundation

The foundation under the house of the foam blocks of a ribbon type has two classifications. The first depends on the depth of the investment:

The first is not used for massive buildings, so in this case it is not suitable. In the second case, it is required to perform the correct calculation of the base. In this case, the cross section of the tape can be of two types:

A small leaf base is suitable when there is no need for a basement device. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the layer of the soil fluid in the winter period. When painting on a suspicious frosty, the ground is worth providing insulation of the tape. For a two-story building, it is recommended to use the T-shaped type of the reference part. A large width of the sole allows you to better distribute the load. Construction with their own hands one-story house is also better to perform with the broadening of the base.

The use of a bellbed belt foundation is justified if the basement is required. Depth depends on the height of the room and the soil freezing. It is important to control the location of the underground water level, if it is closer than 3 meters to the surface of the Earth, additional measures will be required for waterproofing and water supply. The cross section of the belt base in this case for a two-story building is accepted by rectangular. The large width of the sole is chosen by the calculation, the need for it occurs only for buildings of large floors.

The width of the main part of the support depends on the thickness of the walls. If possible, it is selected a little more enclosing structures, but let's say no more than 3 cm.

Slab foundation

The stove is one of the most universal bases. The width is assigned so that the verge of the supporting structure went beyond the limits of the outer walls by 10 cm. Calculation of the bearing capacity is performed in order to identify two characteristics:

thickness;
reinforcement.

Scheme of slab construction under the house of foam blocks

Types of plates Depending on the Blooming the same as the tape. The depth is assigned depending on whether the basement is designed in the house or not. Also, the slab foundation from foam blocks allows you to build a house with your own hands in areas where the water level is increased in the ground. The maximum distance from the horizon of the liquid to the surface can be up to 50 cm (in this case, the unheard of the slab is poured).

Foundation columnal

Poles do not differ in high bearing capacity. When used, it will be necessary to calculate the bearing capacity that will determine:

sole dimensions;
distance between adjacent supports.

Circuit design scheme for home foam blocks

The calculation can be performed with your own hands, but it will be necessary to collect the source data that includes:

carrying capacity of the soil;
own weight of the reference part (pre-).

You can not use unburned pillars, the use of supports of small duplex under the structure of foam blocks is performed with caution.

According to a columnary pile base, it is important not to forget about the woodworking device (made of metal or reinforced concrete).

Pile Fundam

Piles are different. With independent construction, most often use:

The construction of a private house on piles is worth performing with caution. Popular 128 mm diameter screw supports are able to withstand 4-6 tons each (depending on the characteristics of the soil). Such a pile foundation is not suitable for a massive house of more than one floor, the calculation will give too a small pitch of the support (frequent location), which will increase the cost. When erecting an object from foam blocks in two floors, a larger diameter of the screw pile will be required.

Scheme of pile screw construction

The advantage of the building of the building on the pile base is that the load perceives not only the reference part (the end of the pile), but also the side surface. When using the foundation on the screw piles, the depth of the mortar is in the range from 2 to 3 meters. This is the magnitude of the most optimal for a small private structure.

The pile helical foundation is especially relevant when work on swampy terrain is held. Piles make it possible to ensure the reliability of the object even on the weak soil. At the same time, the length is trying to pick up so that the support is performed on the soil with good characteristics. The advantages of construction on piles include:

Foundation Scheme from Burbinal Pile

Low cost of the reference part. This is a particularly current plus that can provide piles, because for some species, the bases of the estimate can reach up to 30% of the cost of the entire house.
The foundation on piles does not require large labor costs. It is possible to execute it in a shorter time. This quality refers mainly to those objects on which metal piles are selected.
Also for construction on metal piles of a screw type, it is not necessary to wait for the time to set the foundation of strength, as needed in the case of reinforced concrete structures. Thus, the timing of the object is completed for several weeks.

The calculation of the foundation on the piles is most often with the already specified diameters of the supports and their long. The maximum distance between individual elements is calculated.

Foundation for the house of foam blocks: selection criteria

The foundation for a house of foam blocks can be different types. The main thing is that it is reliable and did not require much costs. Tell about it in this article.

What is the foundation for the house of foam blocks?

In the process of building a house, each stage is important. This approval is particularly important when it comes to the foundation. It is the foundation laid down under the future building, is one of the most important elements of the overall design. The foundation must accept and compensate for all negative factors that focused in the soil, to become a reliable basis for the construction of the construction.

No need to think that light wall materials, which include foam concrete, do not require increased attention. A house of foam blocks has specific characteristics, such as fragility, and cannot be considered with them. Therefore, the foundation base for such a structure should provide a perfectly solid foundation. But in view of the fact that the recommended height of the foam house is not more than 3 floors, and the cellular concrete itself relates to light wall materials, there is no need to lose fundament. It will have a positive effect on the total cost of construction.

As optimal options for the house of foam blocks, experts allocate the following:

ribbon (rehabilitation depends on the characteristics of the soil);
columnar;
monolithic plate.

Rarely used pile type of base.

Choose the foundation for a house of foam concrete blocks

In order to correctly determine the appropriate type of foundation base, you need to consider such parameters:

soil characteristics;
floors;
climatic conditions;
construction time;
financial opportunities.

The decisive factor affecting the choice of an individual developer is the soil on the plot. It is advisable to analyze the soil for its type, chemical composition. It is also necessary to determine the level of freezing in winter and the location of groundwater. Without these studies, it makes no sense to start construction.

Of course, the price for the services of organizations conducting the analysis of the soil, "will fly into a penny", but it is better to pay the specified amount on problem areas and equip the correct foundation than then constantly spending money on capital repairs.

What does soil hide?

Close down of groundwater.
Fruit.
Sophisticated relief.
Water saturation ("wet" soil).

In each of the above cases, a weighted approach is needed. Relying on the experience of neighbors in the site is impossible, because even 20 m between the buildings is a decent distance, and the soil can have very different characteristics. Getting Started, the owner must personally conduct a study, what foundation is better for the house of foam blocks. For this, one or two wells for a depth of 2 m are on the platform where the house will be located. Soil samples are taken every 20-25 cm.

Dependence between soil type and type of foundation

On non-empty (weak-bunched) soils, where the drainage depth does not exceed 1 m, and the groundwater is located below 2 m under the ground, the fine-breeding foundation of the tape type is selected and placed. If the water is located above, then there is a need for drainage activities, which significantly increases the cost of the foundation.

It is known that the ribbon type loses the percentage of reliability in direct dependence on groundwater level. If the indicator is only 0.5 m, then the foundation in the form of a unlunned reinforced concrete plate is needed for a foam block. Such a design is opposed to the wreck and heterogeneity of the soil, evenly distributes the load from the building in 2-3 floors to the ground. The slab foundation protects the walls from cracks, and openings from deformations. The popular modern version is the "Swedish" stove. This is a warmed type of base, designed specifically under foam concrete blocks. The warranty period is 100 years.

The house on the clay soil requires the arrangement under itself a columnar base. A similar type is needed on soils of peat type and loam. If non-empty layers lie deeply (2 m or more) or the plot has a complex relief, a pile foundation will be required. Piles are mounted with intervals in 1 m, then it is necessary to perform a well-monolithic strapping. The pile foundation is equipped for small buildings. Basically, it is one-story cottages, less often at home in two floors. The foundation on the screw piles is quite expensive the pleasure compared to the traditional belt, but in some situations it is not without it.

Technology and construction terms

Fine breeding tape.

The cheapest option to improve. For such a basis, a smooth area in the occurrence of water from 2 m or more is suitable. The trenches can be shed manually to a depth of only 0.5 m. The height difference is checked by a water level. The width of the tape should be 10 cm more from future walls.

At the bottom of the trench, a pillow of sand and gravel (rubble) is formed. The sandy-gravel base foundation needs to be good to avoid sending. Further formwork is created, the armature of Ø10 mm is stacked. Pouring concrete is carried out at a time.

The base should be raised at least 10 days, only after that you can start the masonry of the walls. But it is better if the foundation will stick with the laid 28 days (4 weeks).

Well suitable for the house with the ground floor. Compared to the previous type, requires more consumables. The rest of the technology of arrangement is very similar.

It is used on clay, peat, bunched soils, as well as at the level of ground freezing from 1.5 m. The height of the pillar should be at least 1 m and correspond to the drainage depth. Reinforced concrete supports are mounted in the corners of the building, at the points of the highest load, under the bearing walls. The standard distance between the columns varies in the range of 1.5-2 m.

The option has an indisputable advantage - the shortest period of arrangement. It is quite realistic to fulfill all work for 3-4 days, but provided that the height of the building is one floor. For more cumbersome buildings, the timelines will be increased due to the fact that there is a need for painter.

It is also called a floating foundation. This type of base is placed on any soil, except clay. The stiffness of the structure is achieved by reinforcement. The depth of the bookmark depends on the project (house with the basement or without). Important moment - waterproofing. In most cases, this type of foundation is performed by the brigade of turnkey specialists. The disadvantages are a long term of frozen and significant financial costs for materials.

The house built from foam blocks, though light, but requires the right grounds. In recent years, builders have decided that the best foundation on the sandy soil (after slab) is pile. Piles are quickly mounted. They are an excellent solution on the embossed areas with problem soil.

The pile foundation for foam concrete blocks, regardless of the type of support used (hanging, screw or piles-racks), is strengthened by the frame. Of course, it increases the construction price. A minus may also be considered a mandatory hiring team of specialists with appliances.

Foundation for the house of foam blocks: what better to choose and why, photos, prices

What foundation is best suitable for the house of foam blocks in 2 floors? If you need the cheapest foundation, then you should choose a ribbon small-breeding.

What is the foundation to put a house from foam blocks?

The choice of foundation for construction depends on various factors, of which the mains are: the type of soil and load on the base. Foam blocks - lightweight, durable, reliable material created from cellular concrete. The construction of the house of foam blocks allows you to get a building with a low static load, so the foundation can be chosen more lightweight than for heavy structures. This contributes to the low floors of houses from foam blocks, since their height should not exceed 3 floors.

What is the foundation to choose for foam blocks?

A heavy foundation for the house of foam blocks leads to excess work. The consumption of a large number of concrete and the cost of digging, formwork, the framework of the frame is not justified. Therefore, at the stage of choosing the foundation of the benefits of construction of houses from foam blocks are obvious. The following types of foundations are considered the most appropriate:

Each of them is used depending on the composition of the soil, the degree of its bubbishness, the level of underground water. If the groundwater is located at a depth of more than 3 meters, the foundation under the house of foam blocks is enough to choose a fine-breeding belt. It is characterized by the fact that the depth of the trench does not exceed 50 cm, and they are easy to dig by one person. To do this, use a shovel, a bobber or mini-excavator, while regularly checking the absence of a height difference using a water level.

Ribbon foundation. Features of the device

The trenches of a depth of 50 cm are digging around the perimeter of the house and under future carrier walls. The base should be wider than the walls per 100 mm, the pillow of sand and rubble are placed on the bottom. The thickness of each layer is 10 cm. Install the formwork, laid 2-x xlay reinforcement frame. For him, it is enough to choose a rod with a diameter of 10 mm. Pouring concrete should be done 1 time, to fill all the trenches at once. In the summer, it is prevented by a rapid drying of concrete, watering its surface with water and covering the film after the beginning of the setting.

The construction of the house can be started 10 days after complete hardening of the solution and its readiness to receive loads.

Directly frozen lasts a month from the day of the fill with trenches concrete. If the underground water level is high, the foundation is protected from possible flooding. To do this, it is attached to the formwork from the inside, the waterproofing material is attached (rubberoid, hydrohoteloisol). The formwork after the frozen of the concrete dismantle carefully so that the rubberoid remains intact.

Foundation columnal

This type of base is erected on a weak ground, which contains a lot of peat, clay or loam. It also applies if the Earth is a column base for the house of foam blocks differs by bunchiness, the depth of the freezing begins from 1.5 m. The pillars are made from the reinforced concrete, they have necessarily in the following places:

The depth of the pillars is equal to the depth of the soil freezing, but not less than 1 m. The distance between them is 1.5-2 m. If the structure of the 3rd height is erected, the bonded foundation for foam blocks is reinforced with reinforced concrete frame. The formwork, unlike the standard, has a bottom that is supported by the backups specifically mounted in the land. The reinforcement frame is attached to the mounting hinges of the pillars with a knitting wire. The rods are used with a diameter of 8 mm, the brand of concrete is chosen by M200.

Floating Foundation - Plate

The slab monolithic foundation under foam blocks are suitable on all types of soil, except clay. It is called floating, as the design allows it to move along with the soil, protecting the walls of the house from cracks and destruction. Under the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe house rotate, a depth of 60 cm. Of these, 40 cm occupies a pillow of sand (25 cm) and rubble (15 cm). Then suit the waterproofing and reinforcing frame. It consists of 2 layers of reinforcement with a diameter of 8 mm, step between rods 25 cm.

This type of base has high strength due to the hard reinforcement. The load from the structure is transmitted evenly, excluding the risk of the integrity of the slab.

The listed species allow you to choose the most optimal, taking into account local soil, floors and size of the house of foam blocks. The remaining types of bases are used for buildings of heavier materials. These include pile screw, pile reinforced concrete, block. In private construction, the device of a ribbon foundation is suitable, for foam blocks - small-breeding. Its advantage is possible to arrange a basement under the house.

The adoption of this decision requires to consider the features of digging the foundation with the basement. The main condition - he digs deep down, as it becomes the walls of the basement. On the perimeter, the foundation arrange the thick of the rest: the space is formed inside, the soil thickness presses outside the walls.

The corresponding dimensions are digging between the trenches of the foundation. The smoothness of the bottom is controlled by a laser level. The floor is equipped standard: fall asleep pillow from sand and gravel, poured it with a solution of M350. To protect the floor of the basement from moisture before the pouring of the solution is layered by a layer of waterproofing. Please note that the basement device increases consumption of building materials and the total cost of construction. The calculation of any foundation should be made in compliance with the rules adopted. This at the professional level is engaged in building and design organizations.

What is the foundation to choose for a house of foam blocks?

The foundation for a house of foam blocks, what is his feature and what type of foundation to choose? Ribbon, columnar or slab?

Foundation for the house of foam blocks: Device and construction

Despite the fact that cellular concretes are easier than ordinary, foundation for the house of foam blocks Must provide a normal carrying capacity. Screpets are not recommended on the columns, there is an experience in operating foam concrete walls on slab, tape, silent-wood-rod foundations.

When carrying out a reduction in the forces of the abundance of measures of restrictions on the type of foundation are practically absent. For the slopes, swampy sites are more suitable on the suspension of the screw piles. On the soils with a low estimated resistance of the buildings, the floating or Swedish warmed cooker is usually made.

If you need a basement floor, a migrant ribbon becomes the only solution. On a flat landscape, regardless of the presence of clay soil, a small-breeding tape MZLF is erected. This option is most often used, therefore will be discussed below.

Construction technology

Foundation for the house of foam blocks Must be guaranteed to be protected from powder forces. The slightest movements are contraindicated in foam concrete, which was created for the thermal insulation of the enclosing structures, is not a full-fledged structural material.

Therefore, drainage, insulation of the breakfast, the use of non-metallic materials in the underlying layer, inverse filling of the sinuses is a prerequisite for MZLF, regardless of the marking of the freezing, the level of the corning. With a drop of heights from 1.5 m, it is recommended to select screw piles with hanging painters.

Attention: "People's" slotting technology does not meet the requirements of the SP 22.13330 standards. When pouring the underground part of the structure to the earthen formwork, it is impossible to lay the drains of the sewage, to high-qualityly insulate the reinforced concrete construction, create heat insulation of the scene.

Breakdown axes

For a low-boiled tape, you do not need to dig deep trenches, the basement floor is missing by default. Therefore, it will take 3 cords for each wall stretched along the axes, outdoor, internal mzlf faces to set the formwork. In addition, two features will be required for each trench:

If the project is laid in the soil in the project, the fertile layer will have to be removed completely, making a waste depth of 0.6 - 1 m. When using the collection overlap from the PC plates or concreting monolithic design, an arable layer inside the perimeter can not be removed.

Making trenches

Due to the small volume of agricultural work of the trench for MZLF, it is more often made manually. Tranche depth is chosen structurally:

Thus, on the sandy soil, the trench will have a depth of 40 cm, on the sandy from 60 cm, on loam, clay from 80 cm.

Estimation for the Elimination of Pulling

After removing the arable layer, the clay content in the soil should be determined, at least people. If the land fails to roll into the ball, harness, the underlying layer is usually not needed - in the stain of the building of the sand, the soup is almost no frozen clay. In all other cases, the submetage is produced by the following way:

With a high intake, the backfill is better produced by rubble 5/20 mm without wetting. Drainage is mounted using technology:

on the outer edge of the trench, a bias 4 - 7 degrees in the general direction
retrolery from rubble with a thickness of 10 cm with vibration removal is made
vertical wells are installed in the corners, 4 m in direct areas
between the wells are stacked perforated with gaffers in geotextile filter
on the sides, the top is falling asleep 10 cm layer of rubble

ATTENTION: The level of refreshing drainage sewage must coincide with the underlying layer of the foundation. It is forbidden to restore concrete structures on the drain.

Podcaston

The screed from the mixture of B7.5 simultaneously solves the task:

ATTENTION: The sweeping should be wider than the ribbon at least twice, with normal alignment, the installation of formwork shields, gaskets under the lower belt of reinforcement frames are facilitated.

From the outside of the trench, the formwork board is mounted to prevent filling drainage sewage concrete. Inside the formwork is usually not needed, it is by default an earthen wall of the trench. After a dialing of strength to the surface of the submersible, 2 layers of Tekhnonikol, bikrost, any other rolled waterproofing, releasing edges of 30 - 40 cm, which will later be glued to the side faces of the tape later.

Installation of reinforcement frames

For the MZLF tape, standard reinforcement frameworks manufactured from the longitudinal A400 (rifle) rods of diameter 8 - 16 mm are used, associated with a spatial structure with rectangular clamps of 6 to 8 mm smooth A240armatura. They are mounted in compliance with the Technologies of the joint venture 63.13330 (R / B designs):

ATTENTION: Due to the low height of the MZLF tape, even taking into account the base part, reinforcement frames can fit inside the formwork. The backstage of rods without bending at a right angle in the pairing walls is prohibited.

Removable formwork is more convenient, cheaper than non-removable polystyrene modifications. Plywood shields, edged boards can be used again after the platform in the roof, partitions, a rafter system. When installing formwork, you must fulfill the requirements:

ATTENTION: When installing vertical plates of extruded polystyrene foam, the formwork is reduced close to the inner shield of the formwork, the foundation is subsequently reduced. For high-quality mounting of the insulation to concrete, it is pierced with nails (the hat outside), which are inserted into the MZLF tape tightly.

For any monolithic structures, concreting is preferable for one reception. Therefore, with small performance, the concrete mixer is better to order the delivery of mixtures mixers. Nuances of concreting technology are:

ATTENTION: The platform is possible for 3 - 15 days at a temperature of +30 - +15 degrees, respectively. During this time, concrete is guaranteed to get 70% of the strength in the summer.

Hydrotherproofsolation

After the reinforcement, the remaining surfaces of the reinforced concrete structure must be protected from moisture. Before the inverse filling of the sinuses, the trenches should be made of complex heat insulation. The technology of the MZLF hydrotherproof products has the form:

ATTENTION: For levels of periodic exploitation with not regular inclusion of heating, gardening houses of seasonal use, the insulation additionally stacked throughout the perimeter of the house, glued to the inner surface of the MZLF tape.

The technology is quite accessible to independently making a low-breed belt basement. In the absence of a set of measures to protect against intimidation on clay soils, the walls of foam blocks are guaranteed to cover the cracks of the crack.

Foundation for the house of foam blocks

The foundation for the house of foam blocks: the device and construction despite the fact that cellular concretes are easier than usual, the foundation for the house of foam blocks should provide a normal bearing capacity.

We will tell about the foundation for the house of foam blocks, as well as: the structure of the foundation, including the pile, the calculation, the necessary tools and technology. You will learn the prices for the foundation in Moscow.

Foamclock - Universal building material, which has in recent years has in recent years due to its moderate price, light weight and minimal thermal conductivity.

Foam concrete blocks have a large size (standard - 20 * 30 * 60 cm) than ordinary brick, which significantly reduces construction lines - the laying of the walls is much faster.

Fig. 1.1: Comparison of foam block size and brick

Due to the low thermal conductivity of the material, the foam block buildings are perfectly preserved heat, and the small weight of foam concrete allows you to build such houses on any kind of foundation.

What a foundation is needed for a house of foam blocks

Recently, one of the clients of the company "Bogatyr" sent us an email to the office of the following content:

Victor, 39 years old, Moscow! "Good afternoon. I recently purchased a country site in the Moscow region, now I plan to start building a cottage on it. I want to build a small one-story building from foam block with an area of \u200b\u200b6 * 8 meters, but I have not yet fully decided on the choice of foundations. Alternatively, we consider two types of foundations. Small breeding belt and pile.
The budget of the project is not limited, but all construction needs to be put in one month (the benefit, the assistants are enough). The soil on the plot is clay, the depth of groundwater is 100 cm, the level of primerization of the soil is 90 cm, there are no serious height differences.
I would like to obtain the recommendations of specialists about choosing the foundation in my situation. Thanks in advance!"

We decided to answer the question of Victor and on this page all the nuances of choosing and arranging the foundation under the house of foam blocks will be considered. We hope that the information provided will be useful to everyone who is asked the same question.

Choosing a foundation for a house of foam blocks

The house of foam block, due to the difference in the cost of the cubic meter of the material, costs, on average, 2-3 cheaper than the building of similar sizes from the brick. The construction time of houses from foam concrete is also significantly less. Choosing the base under foam concrete house you need to try to emphasize these advantages.

Fig. 1.2.: One-storey foam block house with mansard

Foam concrete buildings can be built on the following types of foundations:

Tape (small and deep downstream);
Monolithic from concrete slabs.

Fig. 1.9: The Whisper SVSN-108-2000 is one of the most used piles in the construction of foundations under the house foam block.

When building a house of foam block on piles, generally extensive piles with a diameter of 108 mm are used. and 3-5 meters long. The regulatory step of piles in the foundations of foam concrete houses is 2.5 meters. Piles must be placed at the point of intersection of walls and at the corners of the house.

Having obtained all the necessary calculations from the specialists, you can fully confidently begin to build the foundation with your own hands.

Necessary materials and tools

For construction, you will need the following materials:

24th channel;
Moisture protective primer for metal;
Electrodes (for welding).

It is also necessary to prepare all the necessary tools in advance:

Manual or mechanical drill;
Scrap, metal pipes with a length of 2.5-3 meters;
Magnetic and water level;
Bulgarian;
Welding machine;
Shovels, car;
Roulette, pencils.

Studying the foundation for the house of foam blocks

The construction of a pile-screw foundation under the house of foam concrete is performed according to the following algorithm:

First of all, a construction site is prepared. It is necessary to remove all the vegetation and dig a fertile layer of soil (approximately 20 centimeters), after which the platform needs to be aligned by one level, smoothding the natural height differences.

Fig. 2.0: Preparation of the construction site

Next, the base markup is performed according to the design location of the piles. The first are piles on one of the long walls of the building, pushing off from them - all the others. Moving places of piles are marked by reinforcement spikes, between which the twine is stretched, the accuracy of straight lines is checked;

Fig 2.1: Marking of the pile field

Before screwing the piles are covered with two layers of primer, it is necessary to protect the design from groundwater. Screwing begins with angular piles: First, the drum is made by the heading well to the meter to the meter, the pile is inserted into the well, in the hole on which the scrap is used as a lever for screwing. In the process of immersion, the verticality of pile entry is controlled by the magnetic level fixed on it;

Figure 2.2.: Screwing piles

Upon completion of the installation of all structures, pile columns are trimmed with a baccle of one height. The identity of the trim height is determined using a water level.

Figure 2.3.: Pruning pile pillars

Before assessing the frame, the channel must be predicted to protect it from corrosion during operation. On the piles, the channel is fixed with welding.

Fig. 2.4.: Schuellor's pile strapping

As a result, for 3-4 days of work, you will receive a high-quality and reliable pile-screw foundation for the house of foam concrete, made by your own hands.

Figure 2.5: Schina-screw foundation with scaperera frame

Prices for the foundation of houses of different dimensions

If, after read you doubt that you can perform work according to all the requirements of technology, it makes sense to contact the services of contractors.

There are a large number of organizations involved in the construction of pile-screw bases. In this case, the foundation will cost you more, but you will be sure that it is made as it should.

As an example, we give the estimated cost of silent-screw foundations under the house of the foam block of different sizes:

House size (m)	Price (thousand rubles)	Number of piles type SVSN-108-2000
*66**	64,8	18
*69**	97,2	27
*99**	147,6	41
*912**	194,4	54

Calculation of the cost of the foundation was carried out on the basis of the average market price of the pile of SVSN-108-2000, which is 1850 rubles. and the value of its installation of 1750 rubles.

How to choose a type of foundation

Calculation of foundation

Reinforcement of foundation

How to pour foundation

Foundation columnal

Floating
Foundation for the furnace in the bath

What to take into account when choosing
Type of soil on the plot
Overview of popular base types
Turnkey construction cost

columnar;
monolithic plate.

soil characteristics;
floors;
climatic conditions;
construction time;
financial opportunities.

What does soil hide?

Fruit.
Sophisticated relief.

Fine breeding tape.

Belt blurred.

Columnar.

Plate.

Pile.

The brigade takes on:

training site;
excavation;
markup;
installation and dismantling of formwork;
reinforcement;
concreting;
backpage.

What is the foundation for the house of foam blocks?

As optimal options for the house of foam blocks, experts allocate the following:

ribbon (rehabilitation depends on the characteristics of the soil);
columnar;
monolithic plate.

Rarely used pile type of base.

Choose the foundation for a house of foam concrete blocks

In order to correctly determine the appropriate type of foundation base, you need to consider such parameters:

soil characteristics;
floors;
climatic conditions;
construction time;
financial opportunities.

What does soil hide?

Close down of groundwater.
Fruit.
Sophisticated relief.
Water saturation ("wet" soil).

Dependence between soil type and type of foundation

You need to know everyone!

Technology and construction terms

The base should be raised at least 10 days, only after that you can start the masonry of the walls. But it is better if the foundation will stick with the laid 28 days (4 weeks).

Well suitable for the house with the ground floor. Compared to the previous type, requires more consumables. The rest of the technology of arrangement is very similar.

Prices for arrangement of a turnkey foundation

By ordering a service in an organization engaged in foundations, the developer ideally gets an excellent foundation for the future house of foam blocks. At the same time, the owner of the site does not delve into technology, relying on the experience of professionals.

The brigade takes on:

training site;
delivery of the necessary materials;
excavation;
markup;
installation and dismantling of formwork;
reinforcement;
concreting;
backpage.

Companies apply various ways to form price for their services. The calculations per 1 m2 are used, 1 m3 or 1 m3 or 1 m2. Installation of piles is estimated by the piece, on a large object, a system of discounts is usually provided.

What amount will cost the work of specialists:

What a foundation is better for the house of foam blocks: pile, ribbon or monolithic

So, we decided that the house would be built from foam blocks. The beginning is promising, especially considering how much good can be said about this material.

However, as soon as we are ready to start creating a project and calculate the estimates, the question arises about the foundation.

Photo easy base option

Choose the best option based on the house

What foundation is needed for a house of foam block will be the most rational use? Here we immediately and disappoint many - there is no universal response to this question. There are several options as the base and the parameters of the selection.

Let's immediately determine the two directions for which we will consider options:

Type of soil. From this, in any case, you will have to be repelled in the foundation work.
Type of building. And rather the load that this building will have on the base.

Problem sad

And let's start our conversation from the soil. Before you begin to work, we will definitely need to carry out a geological analysis of the soil in the construction site. (see also an article by a country house from foam blocks with your own hands - we are simply built and quickly)

According to its results, it will be possible to make the first conclusions.

So, what problems can be soil to hide:

Fruit. This is a weak type of soil, in which we have sacrifices and building drawdown from one of the corners. As a result, serious deformations of the very base and walls.
Water saturation. This suggests that how to make a foundation for a house of foam blocks, we will have to carry out large-scale drainage works that will not be limited to the tap of water only during construction. The drainage system will have to work and subsequently.
High groundwater. The difference from a water-saturated soil is that the water will be used here and destroy it.
Sophisticated relief. You can also display this moment in the area just a problem soil. In any case, with such a relief, it is rather difficult to build a classic belt foundation, for example.

Solving the issue with relief

This is the main point in the development of any reason, because, in fact, the foundation, this is a supporting structure that takes on loads of the building and distributes them by giving the soil.

Always the instructions for creating any foundation assumes that all loads will be collected, that is:

Wall weight.
The weight of the roof.
Weight of overlaps.
Household appliances and engineering communications.
The weight of all alleged tenants.
Variable loads.

Based on these two parameters, and we conclude that the foundation is needed under the house of foam blocks.

Foaming house

Pile type

The pile base is perfect for foaming construction thanks to several points:

Relative cheapness with excellent quality.
Short construction times.
The ability to install on problem soils.
The possibility of self-construction.

In order to secure all the above pluses, we suggest to consider the option with the boronobiling pile, which we turn to the foundation for our foam block house. (See also a house for giving from foam blocks - a very interesting option)

Marking of the site.
Drilling of the wells. Handmade Yamobur is suitable for this, the benefit of the depth should be at the level of freezing, and this is a maximum of one and a half meters.
Expansion of the well. Failure of the pillow from the sand and her rambling.
Installation of glass, can be made of simple runnerdoor.
Immersion of the reinforcing element.
Pouring concrete.

Buried basis with painter

As we see, nothing complicated in the device there is no such basis. The main thing will be strictly observed project requirements. And these are us and the number of piles, and their location.

And after the piles are filled, we have two options:

Create Scarlet and pour it foundation.
Put from above monolithic plates.

In principle, we will be able to arrange with our own hands, we will only need a special equipment for the plates.

Tip!
In order for Ruralt to turn out even more durable than even originally planned, it is possible to increase the cross section of the reinforcement and use in the concrete kneading is not the usual limestone type of rubble, but granite.

It was the first version of the base device.

Ribbon base

And here is our belt basis. Often to the question of what the foundation is to do for the house of foam blocks, the answer should be on the topic of the belt type. (See also the article projects of country houses from foam blocks: features design and project selection)

And indeed, this is one of the simplest types of foundation that we can safely construct with your own hands.

If the soil and the project allow you to step by step, everything looks like this:

Plant marking.
Excavation. Depending on the size, you can dig everything yourself, and you can also rent a small excavator.
Laying on the bottom of the sand trench and the rambling.
Laying the reinforcing element.
Installation of formwork.
Pouring concrete.

Trench and fittings

There is also your interesting nuances here. First, we will need to take care of waterproofing. For this, after removing the formwork, we process the concrete mastic. This is the easiest and most affordable waterproof version.

Armature We always offer to take with a certain margin of strength. Of course, the price is somewhat increasing, but still we are talking about creating a foundation.

Speaking about the materials, there is nothing unusual. However, returning to the waterproofing, it is possible to apply liquid glass into the kneading concrete, this material will also increase the water resistance of the base.

When mounting, the formwork will more rationally use the building moisture-resistant Faneru, which can then be used in a variety of work. And in the process of fasteners, screws on the tree are perfectly suitable. They also bind pieces of formwork, and much easier is dismantled.

Another type of foundation, which we can also use quite successfully, is a monolithic plate. Moreover, it can be both a simple monolith and a Swedish plate, in which we will arrange immediately and communications.

In this case, the question is which foundation to choose for a house of foam blocks rests rather to the functional component of the monolith and the price.

Consider the basic principles of the monolithic device:

Monolith for foam block house

Excavation. If the pit will be on a water-saturated area, drainage work is needed. Here we definitely do not do without an excavator.
Mucking pillow from sand. If we assume a Swedish slab, then also equalize the bottom of the pit.
Install waterproofing. This is either runneroid or dense polyethylene. And we set everything in several layers.
We had a Swedish plate, we install heat-insulating plates.
Knit fittings. For monolithic type, we choose the armature with a cross section of 12-14 cm, and knit it in a step of 15-20 cm.

Here is a lyrical retreat. Before making the foundation for the house of foam blocks, we calculate all loads, and accordingly we can accurately select the desired cross section of the reinforcement.

How important is it to choose it with the margin of strength? In principle, no one prohibits us to do, the main thing is not to choose a smaller section.

Important!
The reinforcement should be placed taking into account the release on the edges where it is bent, and will be born with the walls.
In addition, even if we install it in one horizontal range, it will have to raise it, so that it is approximately in the midst of the slab.
To do this, set it on special backups.

Mount formwork.
Pour everything with concrete.

The monolithic plate is ready.

Approximate Foundation Device Scheme

Important!
If we have a Swedish stove, all tubes of communications or a warm floor, before the fill of the concrete, fill the air, so it is definitely not deformed under the weight of concrete.

So, we answered the main question of which foundation is needed for the house of foam blocks, bringing an example of the three main types of foundations that will be fully able to respond to all the requirements of the house of foam blocks.

In addition, it is these types of foundations that can be chosen depending on the state of the soil in the construction site, that is, we have several options. And it is always more features.

Do not forget about the financial component, foam blocks initially somewhat save costs, so you can optimize the base of the house. In the video presented in this article, you will find additional information on this topic.

Tip 1: What a foundation is needed for the house of foam blocks

Choose the foundation optimal for your conditions, taking into account all possible factors. Usually this is the features of the soil, the number of floors of the future at home, its size according to the project.

Check the composition of the soil on the plot. Designed for construction. If it has a large amount of clay, a soglinka or peat, this means that the soil is very weak. In this case, arrange for the house of the foam blocks a column foundation. Use it in the event that the land is distinguished by bunchiness.

Position the pillars from the reinforced concrete in the corners of the facade. In places where carrier walls will be erected, in the places of heavy load. Follow the depth of the location of at least a meter. Distance between pillars withstand one and a half or two meters. The reinforcement frame is attached using knitting wire to mounting hinges on the pillars. Bars must be a diameter of 8 mm, concrete brand M200.

Determine the depth you are groundwater. If the depth of their occurrence is more than three meters, a belt small-breeding foundation is perfect. For him, there will be a trench of a depth of 50 centimeters, which they dig around the perimeter of the future foam block and under the designed carriages. The base arrange so that it is wider than the walls of 10 centimeters. Place the pillow from rubble and sand on the bottom. Each layer should be a thickness of 100 mm. Install the formwork and place a two-layer reinforcement frame. For him, the rods must be a diameter of 10 mm. Concrete fill must be done once by filling out the entire trench immediately.

If on your site, another type of soil may suit the monolithic slab foundation better than other options. It can be arranged on any of the types of soils, except clay. Such a base is called floating - its design is such that the foundation can move along with the soil. At the same time, the walls of the future house of foam blocks receive good protection against destruction and cracks. It will be necessary to arrange a damage under the entire area that the house will occupy according to the project. Its depth must be 60 cm. For the pillow, more than half of it will be used - 25 cm of the pit should take a layer of sand, 15 cm - rubble layer. After that, armature waterproofing and framework. It must be made up of two layers of reinforcement, the diameter of which is 8 mm, Between the rods, observe Step 25 cm.

Tip 2: What a foundation is better suitable for the house of foam blocks

Sources:

Houses from foam blocks are created increasingly, because they have many advantages over buildings from other materials. Often the decision on the use of foam blocks is taken during the design of the construction of a two-storey house. At the project development phase, it is necessary to choose the right type of base. This will create a reliable foundation for a two-storey house.

How to choose a type of foundation

During the choice of the base type, several factors must be taken into account:

Geological data collected in the study. To determine the type of soil, it is necessary to attract professionals.
The size of the structure. For large two-storey houses, it is worth choosing a more reliable type of foundation.
The number of funds that will be spent on creating a house. In many cases, you can make a reliable, but cheaper foundation under a two-storey house.

The most important are the geological data of the site. The main parameter that needs to be taken into account is the bunch of soil. It is also important to know the drainage depth and the level of groundwater. The choice of the type of foundation affects the presence of irregularities and slopes on the site.

Additional loads that are taken into account when choosing can be attributed to the number of people who will live in the house, furniture and equipment. After taking into account all the workloads affecting the design, the overall load on the base is determined. During the load assessment process, it is important to take into account the weight of the foundation of the house.

It is important to compare all the characteristics correctly, since the cost of creating a base is approximately 30 percent of the amount that will be spent on the construction of the house. Given all the costs of creating a reason, you can find accurately to find out the right amount.

Calculation of foundation

During the design of the basis of the house in two floors, it is necessary to accurately determine its height and thickness. These values \u200b\u200bvary depending on the level of groundwater. If construction occurs in a swampy terrain, you need to calculate the height of the effluent. It is necessary to determine the depth of the base of the base and the width. Surface builders recommended to make the width of the base 100 mm more than the width of the walls. This contributes to an increase in the bearing capacity.

To determine the optimal depth, you need to know exactly where the level of soil freezing is. On average in Russia, this indicator ranges from 1 to 1.8 m. In the middle band, the depth of the primer of the soil almost everywhere is 1.5 m.

If at home you want to create a basement, you need to know about the level of groundwater. In some regions, it is too high and get rid of moisture can not even with the help of a drainage system.

Also, when designing, the optimal height of the foundation above the Earth is determined. If the supports are created from aerated concrete, their height should be 300 mm. If the base is created from the concrete mixture, the height is 200 mm.

Reinforcement of foundation

During the creation of the foundation before the fill, the reinforcing framework is set, which gives the base of rigidity. The reinforcement is installed under the bearing walls, as well as at the intersection of the walls. The frame is connected using a wire or welded.

It is best to use the ribbed reinforcement, as it is better adhesive with concrete solution.

How to pour foundation

Before starting work on the creation of the foundation, the territory markup is marked. Before digging the trench, you need to learn about the availability of the intercom. After digging, the following steps are performed:

Wall seals. At this stage, it is necessary to create a wooden formwork and securely secure it.
Creating a sandy pillow. For this purpose, sand and crushed stone is equally connected, after which falling asleep in the trenches. The height of a sand-chump pillow should be about a third of the height of the pit created. It is important to carefully tumpt the mixture.
After that, the installation of the reinforcement framework occurs. The rods are used as the elements of the iron skeleton, the diameter of which should be at least 12 mm.
At the next stage, a cement mixture is flooded with reinforcement. It is important to do it at a time, since if you share work into several stages, the carrying capacity of the base will weaken.
After completion of the described work, you need to cover the created film design.

The optimal brand of concrete for the foundation of the two-storey house - M 400. This designation suggests that one square centimeter may have a load of 400 kg.

Features of the belt foundation

This type of base for the house is the most popular and it is recommended that it is recommended to create during the construction of a two-story building. Such a foundation can be monolithic and assembled from reinforced concrete blocks. The second type is chosen by people who want to speed up the process of creating a foam concrete house.

The minimum depth of this base can be 0.5 meters. If the ground is powered by 80 cm for 80 cm per floor.

Slant or monolithic base

The monolithic foundation is a reinforced concrete structure, which is created throughout the area on which the house will be created. Such a base is installed on bubbly soils and on a plot with an inhomogeneous soil structure. Also, the monolithic foundation is often created on swampy sites and floats.

The monolithic foundation can be finely brewed and unlucky. In the second case, it stacked on the soil. Such a base is ideal for homes having a middle mass. Based base is created in case the house is built with the ground floor. In this case, the base serves as a floor of the lower level of the structure.

The slab foundation is quite expensive. But it is worth noting that this base is more reliable and allows you to preserve the integrity of all elements of the house being created. It is worth remembering that the height of the slab foundation for the two-storey building should be not more than 40 cm. This is quite enough to create a house of foam blocks. To find out what concrete is needed for the foundation of a two-story house, it is worth consulting with professional builders.

The described base types are the most reliable, since there are a single design and during seasonal soil changes, the design rises or falls as a single integer.

Foundation columnal

Such a base is somewhat revealed in the soil of pillars, which are connected to each other as a painter. This type of foundation can be selected for the construction of a house from any material.

When choosing a column foundation, you can save a large amount of funds. This is due to the fact that during construction requires less materials and time to create a design.

Scarlet column base usually rises about 15 cm from the ground. During the creation of the foundation, it is worth remembering that it should be wider than the wall at least 10 cm. At the same time, the foundation depth for a two-storey house of foam blocks is calculated based on the set of characteristics (the type of soil, the weight of the structure, etc.).

Build a house of foam blocks with your own hands
Floating
Formwork for the foundation with your own hands
Foundation for the furnace in the bath

Depth of the base for a two-storey house of foam concrete blocks

A great interest in foam concrete is caused by its properties: light weight, the ability to quickly build a building, thermal conductivity, frost resistance. Since the third part of all construction costs falls on the construction of the ground, it will be necessary to make accurate calculations, allowing to determine the foundation depth for a two-storey house of foam blocks. There are several bookmark options. To select the optimal one, it is necessary to prepare the preliminary step, which implies measurements, design and exploration of the soil.

Factors affecting the calculation of depth

Despite the fact that foam concrete is lightweight material, the two-story building has a significant weight, taking into account the load of the bearing walls, interior partitions and roofing system. Therefore, the strength of the base should be sufficient to withstand the pressure. The decision on the type of foundation is taken on the basis of preliminary studies that include the following subtleties:

1. The quality of soil on the ground. The most dangerous are bunched soils that can push the sole. Even the strengthening of the reinforcement will not hold the building from destruction. To carry out accurate intelligence, throughout the territory there are several wells in a depth of about 200 cm and take samples. Since the pitted under the two-storey house is digging no more than 100 cm, then there will be enough soil fence in 200 mm.

2. For soft, non-empty soils, a fairly small-breeding belt basement. If the sole is planned on a bunched ground or a climbing factor above, a pile or column version is used.

3. The clay land requires special attention. The substance is different, it depends on the degree of concentration. Because of its plasticity, it is necessary to arrange a reliable substrate and an increase in the width of the base. Blue clay does not miss moisture, which contributes to the cluster of the fluid. In this case, it is important to well consider waterproofing and installation of the drainage system.

4. Depth depends on the index of the primer of the soil. Therefore, the climatic features of the region are also important. Most of all low temperature affects bunched soils.

5. The level of occurrence is another important factor. If the ground fluids are close to the surface, then the ribbon base will be ineffective.

6. The foundation of a tile type is suitable for tillage. Due to the peculiarities, it turns out to be floating, not afraid of destruction. But this option is suitable for small loads.

7. In the calculation of the depth of the bookmark, it is necessary to include the weight of all materials: construction, insulating and finishing, communication systems, property owners planned by the number of residents. In addition, the mass of precipitation has been playing an important role: snow drifts, icing, which are an additional burden.

Finding out all the necessary indicators, you can decide on the basis of the base:

1. The belt view is a solid strip around the perimeter of the walls. You can equip the compiled from blocks or monolithic foundation. The fine-breeding is a strong and reliable structure that is laying into a ground to a depth of 80 cm on the magnitude of the freezing.

2. In the case of non-empty soils available on the territory, which are at a distance of more than 2 meters down, set supports from monolithic concrete or blocks for a bar foundation.

3. When building a pile base, reinforced concrete tongues are clogged to a depth of about 6 m, taking into account the freezing. This technology provides strength and ability to withstand all the building even in a cold climate.

Experienced specialists determine the type of soil, just holding a lump of the earth in the hand. For less informed builders, some tips will be useful:

To find out the features of the soil, you can use a special card. If there is a reservoir nearby, the bloody will be much larger than expected.
An ideal condition for any reason consider the situation when the groundwater is above the depth of the freezing, since during the cold the intersecting sources are frozen and raise the soil, which is fraught with cracks.
Unheated basements imply a bookmark by 10% below the level of freezing, the remaining is 30% higher.

Really working legally economy way.
You need to know everyone!

If the plot mainly consists of a chernozem, the upper layer is completely removed to a solid base as unsuitable for construction.

The depth of the foundation laying primarily depends on the state of the soil on the site, for this, the wells are drilling, helping to find out the properties of the soil. Also important factors are the magnitude of the freezing and the location of the groundwater. Calculations include the weight of all materials and designs of the house, furniture and communications. Just connecting all the parameters, you can find out what load should withstand the base.

The house must have a reliable basis - the key to the fact that in.

Crushed stone is one of the main components of the concrete mix used for.

Bulk foundation for all rules requires: seizure of soil, facilities.

Projects of houses from aerated concrete

Choose the foundation for the house of foam blocks

What is better foam concrete or aerated concrete?

Pros and cons of aerated concrete blocks

Concrete brands review

Application of CSP in construction

Copying site materials is possible without prior approval in the event of an active indexed reference to our site. © ©

Checking soil and depth to bookmark the foundation of a one-storey and two-storey house of foam blocks

Erecting one-story building

The construction of a private house is starting to check the soil, and only then produce a base laying. First, the type of carrier surface is determined, calculate the depth of the bookmark of the foundation itself, only then the walls are erected. Save on such events does not make sense.

With the advent of durable, lungs, and the main thing for the warm materials, for the rapid construction of the walls, the costs of the construction of grounds significantly decreased. These include: aerated concrete, gas-silicate, foam concrete and ceramzite-concrete blocks. A good choice, if there is a need to facilitate the design of the house, make it warm, and in the works there was an opportunity to save. Brick house put much more expensive than a house of foam blocks.

How to check the ground under the foundation yourself

Checking soil in color

Drilling of test wells. He captures a small mine 1-2 meter depth, you can visually determine some of the quality of the soil. It is also possible to dig up a small pit, by determining this by the occurrence of the carrier layer of the soil, loam or clay. But this is all relative, in case of the impossibility of analyzing the analysis, conduct a bookmark of a reinforced foundation, on piles or concrete pillars.

Direct factors, such as the presence of water, sand and stone particles, will prompt a choice and direction. But the need to make the analysis they do not cancel.

Of course, in most cases the construction of country houses, such an analysis is spent. Then it is recommended to develop a trench to a dense carrier layer. Here I will look more accurately all the steps for one-story house and for a two-story.

Depth of bookmarks for one-story building

After equipping several mines, check after 24 hours, there is no water in it. If dry, you can look at what depth is a dense soil. When drilling with a change of layer of land (we determine visually), flushing the depth. Holes to do better throughout the perimeter of the site, making a map of the airborne soil.

The diameter of the drill when checking use 200-250 mm. Having draws a preliminary sketch, you will have an idea where and how much it is necessary to dig. Several more important factors will have to take into account, the level of freezing and the depth of the land layer. This is also important for a single-storey and two-storey house from any material, not only of foam blocks.

Chest of freezing

In the middle lane, the landscape of the Earth is not so deep, about 1.5 meters. In the northern regions, the level of freezing is always taken into account, the development is carried out taking into account the average temperature for 3-4 years. You can calculate everything by the formula.
From her and we will come.

We will analyze the designation. The value of M shows the average monthly temperature taken in the climatic zone we need. The D1 indicator is the figure of the depth, and D0 is the coefficient of soil itself. Its limits can fluctuate, from loam and clay 0.23 to rock and chip rocks 0.34. Having finished with miscalculations, let's start the process itself.

Earthworks and sealing

Option of the Fundament device

With low remoteness from the city, the development of the soil is carried out using a tractor. The house of foam blocks weighs a bit, so the trench is digging to a depth of 1.3-1.4 meters, taking into account the cushion pillows. Width for a single-storey house with a digging of 800 mm, leave the space for the insulation of the base. The standard of the foundation under a small building of foam blocks is 600 mm, in width. The monolith cross section will be 1200x600 mm, the reinforcement of the reinforcement is required, the optimal thickness of the rod is 12 mm, both for transverse and longitudinal strapping.

The sealing of the bottom of the trench is carried out by vibrating plates or gasoline traaming weighing from 100 kg. The coefficient must comply with the SNiP regulatory framework (building standards and rules). It is usually adjusted to 1.85-2.15 in relation to the non-ribbonated soil. In climbed, or clay or clay soils when carrying out a trimmer, it is arranged a pillow of sand with a thickness of 200-250 mm, sealing it in stages.

Tip: With a weak load carrying capacity, the piles are driven by 3 meters from each other from the bottom of the trench. The diameter of the pipes is chosen at least 89 mm, a length of 2.5-3.0 meters. These measures will not give the reason under the load of one-story house.

Depth of bookmarks for two-storey build

Sketch of optimal depth

Such a construction of a foam block house requires a reinforced foundation and thorough preparation of the pillow.

The development of a depth of at least 2 meters is inevitable, as the weight of one block of 24 kg, and you need at least 800 blocks for the construction of a middle house, with an area of \u200b\u200b100 m², one floor.

Plus the weight of the floors, the slabs of overlapping, roofing, windows, finishes inside and outside the building. Preparation from concrete under the foundation should be done, it is necessary to distribute evenly the load over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe foundation with the carrier surface of the Earth.

Preparation of a pit and carrier pillow under a two-story house

Preparation of a pit for a two-story building

Developing a pit for the foundation, the bottom is flimsy with levels and make stripping the edges and sites from the sweeping soil. Then make marking under the carrier concrete pillow. The width of such concrete preparation is 100-1200 mm, with a thickness of 150-250 mm. It can be mounted on it both monolithic foundation and block. Formwork prepare according to the scheme, they set them around the perimeter, applying the fittings as the stops, simply scoring them into the ground.

Reinforcement is made in one tier, class A 1-3 reinforcement. The grid cell has a size of 200x200 mm, the joints knit wire. The depth of the carrier belt is not less than 1.8-2.2 meters for the middle of the bunkine type 2 types. What is important when bookmarking is to do under the base of the cruise of rubble. The thickness of the pillow for the two-storey house should be at least 120 mm. Crushed stone laid on the rammed soil. Then plans for water removal or laid waterproofing material. In the case of freezing construction for the winter period, at the lowest point, the pit is digging for water collection. Size of ZUMPF (Livneu Poam) should be at least 6 cubic meters.

Base laying

The depth of bookmarks the concrete base for the house of foam blocks, plays an important role. The entire system of carrier concrete structures has a considerable weight. Monolithic cast (frame) of the future house, made from concrete class B-26.

The main weight of the two-storey house is to monolith. All load falls on a monolithic frame and woodlock. The walls are self-supporting structures, simply foam concrete in the openings. Therefore, the optimal depth of bookmarking for the house of foam blocks, in normal soils will be minus 2200 mm from the zero mark of the project. But it is for the middle strip. In each case, the depth will be different, during the construction of a two-story building, a support is needed with a device of special carrier pillars or pillows (glasses).

For accurate miscalculation and optimization of the construction of a monolithic house, it is desirable to invite the specialists of the project bureau. Experts will carry out thorough miscalculations for any home and not only from foam blocks, it is clearly organized by the author's supervision in construction, and the object is commissioned. Having to save you from errors and unnecessary waste for alterations.

What depth to lay the foundation for the house

The foundation is the underground part of the house that transmits the load from it to the underlying layer of the soil. The cost of the construction of this most important element of the house may be up to 20-30% of the cost of all construction. And the savings at this stage threatens to turn around much more serious labor and financial resources. Therefore, the depth of the foundation under the house is the most important indicator, on which the further fate of the house depends, the appearance of it (throughout, uneven sediment, cracks and deformities of the supporting structures) and ultimately durability.

Types of foundations

For an individual residential building, the foundations of the following types are applied:

Ribbon is a solid tape laid out around the perimeter at home and under all the inner walls. Until recently, it was considered the most reliable and solid foundation for individual houses. Its disadvantage is a big labor intensity and, accordingly, the cost of materials and works. It is applicable for an individual house of any design, including the basement.

The column is a number of pillars around the perimeter of the house and under the inner walls. Poles can be monolithic or composite of bricks, stone on cement mortar. An interesting option from the pillars, which are a shell of a metal pipe filled with concrete. On top of the poles are connected by reinforced concrete or brick beams (woodwork). Previously, the foundations for small light buildings and even residential buildings were made of wood, for example, oak. The house on such pillars was called "on the chairs."

The pile is a group of piles swallowed in the soil according to a specific scheme bound by beams or stove into a single design. Such a base applies if necessary to pass a large layer of weak soil and rely on a solid underlying layer. Recently, screw piles have been widely distributed, allowing to significantly reduce the construction period, mechanize the process of the device and, most importantly, to build individual houses in places with weak soils (sandy, loose, sediments).

The slab is a reinforced concrete plate with a thickness of 300 mm, laid on the prepared surface. Preparation is performed by sand or low-rise concrete for alignment of underlying soil. This is the most expensive view having at the same time the best characteristics from the point of view of the reliability of the home installation on a single plate, eliminating the possibility of cracks, distortions, deformations of the house designs.

In general, by selecting the underlying layer, the area of \u200b\u200bthe foundation of the selected structure should be calculated, taking into account the specific load on this layer does not exceed its bearing capacity.

The influence of the characteristics of the soils on the view and depth of the base

When choosing a type of foundation, first of all, the characteristics of the earth are taken into account on the site of the house of the house. It is important to determine the depth of the arrangement of the underlying layer. For this, the following soil parameters are estimated:

soil type and its condition
drainage depth,
ground water level.

Relative to the type of soil we are talking about a carrier layer capable of perceiving the loads transmitted by the base of the building. During the examination, the soil and bulk layer is not taken into account - they are removed during the completion. The bearing layers are usually divided into:

baminous;
conditionally non-empty;
non-empty.

Crunchy includes fine-grained dust sands. They are easily saturated with water and sometimes acquire the properties of floors. In winter, always exhausted.

Conventionally non-empty include clay soils. They perceive the load well, if not moistened. But high moisture absorption makes them fluid. In a saturated moisture state, they become bubbling.

Non-empulted coarse-grained sandy soils. They easily pass water, do not bother in winter. The foundation for such soil does not wind.

The enclosure of clay soils into non-empty can lead to uneven swelling. And the impact of horizontal forces will lead the deformation and destruction of the base of the building. If possible, it is recommended to remove the inclusions of the bunched and conditionally non-empty soils at the construction site, and it is better to arrange an anti-pillow pillow, for this it is necessary to remove the pumped layer and flood with coarse-grained sand.

Data on the level of groundwater and the depth of the freezing are taken according to the standards calculated for specific territories (SNiP norms). Sharing of these factors determines the level of the foundation. Below are the existing generally accepted requirements:

On non-empty soils, the level of freezing does not affect the base device. It is believed that the depth of the ribbon foundation should be lower than the depth of the frozen. But this approach will lead to unreasonably overestimated consumption of funds. In these areas, a sufficient value is 0.5-0.7 m.
For bunch and conditionally non-empty soils, the foundation depth is chosen taking into account groundwater. If the level is lower than the drainage depth of 2 or more, then the standard value is taken in the region. Water will not make soils due to capillary raising, they will not affect. If there is less than two meters from the level of freezing to groundwater, then the foundation is laid below the drainage depth.
In a house designed for year-round accommodation, the land is heated under it, reducing the soil freezing in the base area. In this case, the depth of the foundation on bubbly and conditionally non-empty soils is permissible to decrease by 20-50% of the level of freezing.
The depth of the foundation for a single-storey house may depend on whether underground garage or basement is provided under the house. The minimum level of laying the base of the base of such a house should be below 0.5 m from the floor of the basement. Today, such houses are built more and less. It is easier to build a row of a garage of any design, including the cellar than to spend more significant means on the excavator for digging a pit.
It is not recommended to apply a ribbon and columnar foundations on bubbly, sedentary, or soils and the resulting territories. In this case, the best option is a slab foundation that distributes the load from the house to the entire surface of the soil under it. You can go through these sections with pile and lean them on a durable layer. This applies to light structures for the house of foam blocks, aerated concrete or ceramic blocks, as well as wooden houses, etc.
In all cases, when the depth of the embedding is less than the level of the freezing, it is necessary to ensure the water removal to protect the base of the foundation from wetting.

Depth of the base for houses of various designs

The market offers a large selection of building materials for the construction of an individual house. For the replacement of traditional brick and round forest, materials based on cement - foam concrete, aerated concrete, ceramzite concrete blocks or wood products (sawn or glued timber, rounded log).

The framework of houses are widely used, in which the most modern materials are used, including a polymer basis.

A variety of materials makes it possible to choose the design of the house with regard to the characteristics of the soil. On non-empty soils, the house of any design can be built from any materials. For the house from the ceramzite-concrete blocks, the depth of the base will not exceed the depth of the freezing. The most appropriate in this case is a belt and columnar foundations, a depth of about 0.5-0.7 m. The same applies to the construction of the house on the bunched and conditionally non-empty soils with deep (more than 2 m from the depth of freezing) the level of groundwater.

It is often necessary to build a house on Earth with bunched or conditionally non-empty soils with an underground water level of less than 2 m from the depth of freezing. Therefore, at such sites it is advisable to build a house from lighter structural materials (foam blocks, aerated concrete, etc.).

For a wooden house, the depth of a ribbon or bar foundation must be no less than the level of freezing. Extremely distribution is obtained at home from the bar, including glued. The mass of the design is significantly harder than from the usual round forest. Therefore, the depth of the foundation for the house of the bar is set below the level of the freezing. For such houses, it is recommended to use pile or slab bases.

Even lighter designs are obtained by building the buildings from foam blocks or aerated concrete blocks. Such houses can be built practically on any soils. The most appropriate for them pile or slab bases.

Most often, a pile foundation is used for the base of such houses. The depth is determined by the level of the dense underlying layer. That is, piles must reach this layer. The length of the piles is determined using a berar or a surname.

If you build a serious cottage, a house more than one floor, the choice is based on the same principles. The use of modern building materials and structural solutions allow the foundation depth for a two-storey house of foam blocks was the same or even less than for a conventional one-story brick house.

How to make the base of the house do it yourself

With independent construction of a residential building, almost any kind of foundation can be built with their own hands. At the same time, it is necessary to give preference to building materials that exclude the involvement of severe construction equipment or additional labor. The most suitable in this respect are houses, built of foam blocks, aerated concrete, as well as houses of a frame design.

Ribbon foundations for such houses are made in the embodiment of a small blowout.

for the house of foam blocks, the depth of a finely breed base is no more than half a meter on any soil;
the trench is placed in a pillow of sand, gravel or rubble thick up to 20 cm thick;
mounted formwork and reinforcement frame.
then poured concrete. It is more correct to make the fill at a perimeter at an all over the perimeter.

In the case of the close location of groundwater, the area of \u200b\u200bthe base sole increases.

A columnar foundation is asked on any sections. For solid non-empty soils used finely brewed. The depth of such a base for the house from aerated concrete or foam blocks will be about 70 cm. For the puchinous soil, the height of the poles can reach 2 m to fall below the friction point.

The depth of the embedding of the slab or floating foundation is determined by the thickness of the vegetable layer of the soil, which must be completely removed.

a layer of sand and rubble is stacked on the surface of the underlying layer, forming an aligning pillow;
it is covered with waterproofing.
then the framework of the fittings fit and poured concrete.

Such a base moves along with the soil, without forming cracks and keeping the structure of the house unchanged.

Getting Started at home, do not save on the foundation. Subsequently, he will stop your home from the distortion, cracks, the loss of appearance, and you are from the cost of labor and financial resources for repairs. Save your nerves and love for your home!

Sources:

How to build a house 6 by 6 of the foam blocks. Tips and recommendations. Competent design. Features of the construction of the foundation and walls. Characteristics of materials. Examples of calculations.

The optimal solution of the small structure is a house 6 on 6 of foam blocks. To do this, you need to know - how to set a house without finishing and under the finishing finish. How is the construction of the house of foam concrete. Features of the construction of the foundation and the construction of walls. What you need to know about the design. Examples of calculations of the required number of foam concrete blocks.

Characteristics of materials used. Features of the construction of houses from foam blocks. The main stages of the installation and nuances of the construction of reinforced houses.

Optimal solution

Modern economic conditions often put in a dead end of those who want to acquire their own square meters: the cost of apartments in new buildings in most cases is similar to the value of individual small houses. Of course, not everyone wants to communicate with individual construction, but the decorated to this step will definitely never regret the deed.

Opinion expert

Filimonov Evgeny

Ask a question expert

For those who want to save both money and space on the plot, there is a decent option - a house 6 to 6, two-storey. Its planning can be performed as efficiently as possible, because there will be enough space for living.

These dimensions are not taken from the ceiling: these parameters are capable of creating an optimal and sufficient middle family area. If the inner breakdown of the premises will be performed effectively, the useful space can be used in full - up to 70 m2. At the same time, the house is 6 per two-story, the layout of which takes into account the entire inner territory, will be able to accommodate a larger number of rooms than the city apartment of the same area.

What to build?

To build a house, any modern building material can be used: foam block (gasoblock), bar, log, frame system with filling with sandwich panels. The choice depends on the personal preferences and financial capabilities of the developer.

In addition to wishes, the choice of material is influenced by the appointment of the house. If it is not intended for year-round accommodation (country), you should not use massive wall structures aimed at maintaining heat, and, on the contrary, for permanent residence provide heating devices that correspond to the communications systems. From any material listed above, you can build both summer and capital house. Next, consider the pros and cons of popular options.

Stone castle

The most common material for the construction of the house is a lightweight concrete in the form of gas and foamed blocks. Not surprising, because it is durable, as safe as possible and effective in operation:

high noise insulation;
thermal insulation;
the material is not susceptible to burning;
resistant to temperature drops.

In addition, its installation is a quick thing and relatively economical. The house is 6 per two-story, the layout of the foam blocks of which is quite simple, it is built in a short period of time - from 2 weeks to a month. Such a material allows you to create and equip your corner for the shortest possible time.

The advantages can also be attributed to an economical foundation: for a small home there is no need to set a massive base, a fairly small-breeding belt. Such quickly mounted, requires minimal costs of materials, quickly comes to suitability for further construction on its basis.

The consumption of all walls includes the consumption of all the walls without exception: naked concrete looks unprepacently. This disadvantages, perhaps, end.

You give the choice of natural materials!

Wooden materials are divided into several groups:

log-rounded;
bar glued / whole;
components of sandwich panels.

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Filimonov Evgeny

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

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The most common and popular is a wooden house 6 to 6 two-storey. Planning from the bar is economical from the point of view of financial costs and installation.

The construction of the building is performed quickly and easily due to the puzzle system of the combination of fragments.

The foundation for such a structure can be used the cheapest - columnar or pile-screw, since the weight of the house is small, and the capital base is not required.

How to make compact layout

Project creation is an important stage of work that determines the entire building process. Trust his professionals or make himself - the choice of everyone. Of course, architects will task as much as possible and fast, but it costs money. For those who want to save, consider the way to create a house 6 to 6 two-storey, the layout of which will be compact.

On a sheet of paper, create a scheme-drawing in compliance with proportions for easy measurement.
First of all, designate the perimeter, the location of the roads.
Decide with the desired amount of rooms. To save space, you can combine the kitchen with a living room, a bathroom with a toilet, storerooms can either be moved to the street or make their area minimal.
Mark the location of the rooms in accordance with the proportions, specify their size.
Determine the design and configuration of the roof, the location of the doors and windows.

How much is?

az, we are talking about savings, you need to highlight the financial side of the issue. A small house from a turnkey bar can be put on average for 400-500 thousand rubles. It all depends on the layout, the thickness of the walls and other options. Block cottage 6x6 meters will cost 1-1.5 million rubles. Obviously, these prices for residential premises with an area of \u200b\u200b65-70 m2 are significantly lower than the cost of the same spaces in apartment buildings. Of course, the purchase of a land plot is not taken into account. But if you figure it out, the total costs of your corner, a separate or in a residential complex, are about the same. Therefore, everyone has its own.

Complete set of home without decoration

The foundation is not included in the package (ordered separately).
The height of the 1st floor is 2.85 m; Mansard - 2.7 m.
The thickness of the outer walls is 20 or 40 cm (on your choice).
Interior partitions of the 2nd floor - are absent.
Potions - hot-rolled corner 50x50x5 mm to maintain blocks.
Black floors - cutting board 20-22 mm (only 1st floor).
Building a house on your site.

Complete set of houses for finishing

Lagges and beams of overlappings - board 100x200 mm (step 600-700 mm.
External walls - blocks 625x250x200 mm (foam concrete or aerated concrete).
The thickness of the outer walls is 20 or 40 cm.
Interior partitions of the 1st floor - blocks with a thickness of 100 mm.
Interior partitions of the 2nd floor - frame 100 mm; Plasterboard sheath.
Reinforcing belt - 150x200 mm outer walls, 150x100 mm partition 1st floor.
Reinforcement - every third row of reinforcement 8 mm class A3 (corrugated).
Cutting floors - OSB stove.
Ceilings and attic - plasterboard.
Mansard frontones - from the outside of the OSB-3 stove 9x1250x2500 mm.
The rafter system - the timber 40x100x150 mm; Grooming from the board 20-22 mm.
Roofing - metal tile (color to choice).
The entrance door is metallic.
Assembly on the plot - included in the price.

Complete set of top key

Assembly on the plot - included in the price
The foundation is not included in the basic configuration (ordered separately).
The height of the 1st floor is 2.55 m; Mansard - 2.4 m.
Lags and beams of overlaps - a board 100x200 mm (step 600-700 mm).
External walls - blocks 625x250x200 mm (foam concrete or aerated concrete).
The thickness of the outer walls is 20 or 40 cm (see the price on the project page).
Interior partitions of the 1st floor - blocks with a thickness of 100 mm.
Interior partitions of the 2nd floor - frame 100 mm (without heat and sound insulation); Plasterboard sheath.
Reinforcing belt - 150x200 mm outer walls, 150x100 mm partition.
Reinforcement - every third row of reinforcement 8 mm class A3 (corrugated).
Potions - a corner of hot-rolled 50x50x5 mm to maintain blocks.
Black floors - edged board 20-22 mm.
Cutting floors - a spookered board of 36 mm (chamber drying).
Plaster and putty - all block walls (indoors).
The decoration of walls indoors is vinyl wallpaper.
The walls of the walls in C / y - plaster, putty, tile.
Ceilings - stretch (matte or glossy).
Mansard frontones - from the outside of the OSB-3 stove 9x1250x2500 mm.
The rafter system - the timber 40x100x150 mm; Grooming from the board 20-22 mm.
Roofing - metal tile (color to choice).
Drain system
Facade finish - facial brick (red, yellow, brown to choose from).
Windows - two-chamber double glazing; Singing, windowsill and mosquito net.
The entrance door is metal dumped with accessories.
Interior doors - Filöncated dumped with accessories.
The staircase is wooden with carved balusters.
Parosolation is ondutis or analogs (2 layers: floor of the 1st floor, 1 layer: under the roof).
Warming is 100 mm Knauf or analogs (floors, overlap, attic).
Heating - Heating Panels
Electrician - wiring around the house, switches, light bulbs, for every 5 pounds. Meters of premises: socket.
Plumbing - eyeliner to the water supply source (up to 5 m), wiring at home: x. / G. Water and sewage.
C / y - toilet, shower or acrylic bath, tank water heater suspended.
Septic - 2 section with a connection (up to 10 m from the house; the remoteness above is calculated separately).

Construction of foam concrete

Small-sized architectural forms, to which the project of the house 6 on 6 of the foam blocks is rather in demand in the private sector during the construction of the site. In fact, with such sizes, many designer ensembles can be realized, but our goal is not a decoration of the building, but the construction of the foundation along with the box.

Foundation

The most common types of foundations for houses from foam blocks is pile (in rare cases of columnar) and tape (monolithic or prefabricated). We will pay attention to the most common option, to the monolithic tape and briefly analyze the principles of its installation and the required amount of materials for the fill. For marking on the site we will need a plan of the house or its 1st floor, which is located above to create a zero cycle for the bearing walls and partitions.
Suppose that on the built-in site we have a non-empty soil, then the foundation will make a low-profile, 60 cm from the sole to the soil level and 40 cm tape will perform above the surface in the role of the base. Tape thickness We take 0.5 m, but we will have to dig at least 0.8m depth, leaving 20 cm on a sandy (or rubble) pillow. Now, based on the 1st floor plan, we calculate the total length of the trench.
So, we need a foundation for a house 6 on 6 of the foam blocks, but in addition to the square on the plan, we have a protruding terrace and partitions, which will be required to pour ribbon jumpers. So, the entire trench will be: 6 * 4 + 3 * 2 + 1.5 * 5 + 1 + 0.5 * 2 \u003d 39.5 m. Now you can find out the amount of concrete, for this we need a total tape volume: 39.5 / 1.0 * 0.5-19.75m3.
In the same way, you can calculate the number of components for the concrete mix, for example, we will use the popular brand of concrete M 300, then for one cube we will need 385kg cement M 400, 1080kg rubble or gravel, 705kg of large sand and about 220 liters of water (everything depends on the moisture content of fillers ). Everything else is already somewhat simpler, as we know the cube of the tape, then cement will go 19.75 * 385 \u003d 7603.75m3; rubble - 19.75 * 705 \u003d 13923,75m3; Sand - 19,75 * 1080 \u003d 21330m3; Waters are approximately 19.75 * 220 \u003d 4345l. Also need sand for the pillow, and this is 39.5 * 0.2 * 0.5 \u003d 3.95m3.
For a metal frame with a tape base, an armature of 10 to 16 mm is usually used as longitudinal carriers, but, given that the projects of houses 6 per 6 foam blocks are sufficiently light, the instruction allows you to use a diameter of 12 mm. So, longitudinal carriers (two rods on the upper and lower level) we will need 39.5 * 4 \u003d 156m, and if we consider that each profile has 6m, then 156/6 \u003d 26 branches.
For jumpers, you can use corrugated or smooth-beam fittings, with a diameter of 8 to 10 mm. With such sizes of the tape, the optimal sizes of the frame will be 3075 cm, it means that the vertical jumpers are obtained by 0.8m, and the horizontal 0.35m and the ring will be 2.5m in general. If you make them a step of 0,5m, then we will need 39.5 / 0.5 * 2.5 \u003d 197.5 m or 197.5 / 6 \u003d 32.9 or 33 pieces
The connection of the reinforcement occurs with the help of steel soft wire and it knives with their own hands, but for this you use a variety of fixture - passatats, screwdrivers and even special pistols, but the most popular hook remains, with a curved rod, distributed on the cone. For each joint, about 0.5 m wire is consumed, and we have a total of 39.5 / 0.5 * 4 \u003d 316 junctions, it means that we will need about 316 * 0.5 \u003d 158m soft wire.
Council. On the water-saturated soil, the pillow under the foundation tape is better made from rubble or gravel, or pour two layers of 20 cm - sand and gravel. If necessary, the tape should be equipped with a cut-off waterproofing or even a drainage tube, and tooching it at the level of the sole with a slope of 1 cm / 1m at a distance of 1.5-2m from the foundation.

Walling

After the construction of the foundation, we need to make the floor and for this you will be superbly fit the floors, as can be seen on the top photo. Given that we have a house 6x6 of foam blocks with a terrace, we will need two types of PC plates 60-12-8 (5980x1190x220 mm) - 5 pieces and on the protrusion of the PC terrace 30-12-8 (2980x1190x220 mm) - 1 piece. But exactly the same floors are suitable for the ceiling, it means that the entire kit must be multiplied by 2 and we will get PCs 60-12-8 (5980x1190x220 mm) - 10 pieces and PCs 30-12-8 (2980x1190x220 mm) - 2 pieces.
And now let's look at several types of masonry and the number of blocks that will be spent if they are putting them in one way or another. For carrier walls, we will take a foam block 200x300x600 mm and try to lift the wall in two ways - in a whole stone and in the shell. The masonry into the whole stone implies the position of the block to bed, inwards inside and outwards.
Take for the estimated height of 2.8m (together with the seams it will turn out to be 2.87m) and we will learn the total area of \u200b\u200bthe bearing walls, it will be SESEN \u003d 6 * 3 + 1.5 * 2 + 3) * 2.8 \u003d 67,2m2. If the masonry will be carried out in one whole stone, then we will need a back area, and this is a sketch \u003d 200 * 200 \u003d 60000 mm2 \u003d 0.06m2. In this case, for all bearing walls when laying into a whole stone, you will need SESEN / STICH \u003d 67.2 / 0.06 \u003d 1120 pieces.
Also, projects of houses 6x6 of foam blocks (carrier walls) can be carried out by masonry in the shell, which, of course, will reduce thermal insulation, but significantly reduce the consumption of material, and someone can consider quite reasonable arguments that the thermobarrier can be installed separately. The masonry in the Polkaln implies the position of the block to bed, spoons outside and inside the house.
The area of \u200b\u200bthe carrier wall is already known to us, now we will learn the spoon area, and this is the stem \u003d 200 * 600 \u003d 60000 mm2 \u003d 0.12m2. Thus, we can find out the number of blocks for all bearing walls and it turn out to be SSTNA / Stem \u003d 67.2 / 0.12 \u003d 560 pieces. As you can see, the number of foam blocks succeeded two times less and if for insulation to use, for example, mineral wool and bind it with siding, then the price of all work in the second case will be more profitable, besides, the first option remains without facing for the same money .
We continue to consider the project of the house of Foam blocks 6x6m, in which we need to build partitions, but we will already make a quarter of the stone and use another block size for this - 600x300x100 mm, which is quite acceptable inside the apartment. Of course, you can put other sizes, but for example, we will use this particularly. The laying in a quarter of a stone means the position of the block on a spoon, beds on the parties, and the chips of the jack.
If the total length of the walls we have 6 * 4 + 3 * 2 + 1.5 * 5 + 1 + 0.5 * 2 \u003d 39,5m, and the length of carriers - 24m, it means that we remain 39.5-24 \u003d on the partitions \u003d 15.5 m chairs. The area of \u200b\u200ball partitions will result in Svergelodes \u003d 15.5 * 2.8 \u003d 44,24m2, and the area of \u200b\u200bthe bed Snake \u003d 600 * 300 \u003d 180000 mm2 \u003d 0.18m2. Now we learn the total number of blocks - Svergelodes / SPOSE \u003d 44,24 / 0.18 \u003d 245.7 or 246 pieces.

Design

In any project organization there are its ready-made projects of houses of any size adapted for this region. If some of them arranges you, it will cost much cheaper of what will have to develop "from scratch".

What should be in the project

Since you are going to build a residential building from a 12 × 6 household house for year-round accommodation, then in the package of documents, there must be a technical partition with the laying schemes of the Communications:

Heating;
Water supply;
Sewage;
Power supply.

In addition, the project of the house 6 × 6 from the aerated concrete must contain information about the outer and interior decoration. This is important, since this material with excellent heat-saving properties loses them, soaking in moisture.

Therefore, first of all, after the end of the main construction, the house is separated from the outside to protect the walls of atmospheric precipitation and wet air.

Where to "grow"

This question is usually solved on the basis of the size and shape of the site and the needs of the family.

If the land plot is small or narrow, it is logical to hold the house up - so it will take less space.
If the area is large, and there are elderly in the house and small children, it is better to "grow" wish.

But here there are nuances associated with the alteration of the roof. The price of such a rework is usually very sensible.

Of course, in the future it will be easier and cheaper to attach a couple of rooms to the house, existing an existing roof on the destroy. With the second floor, a small blood cannot do, as the roof will have to be completely removed, and then re-assemble.

In your case, you can advise the third option. Namely - to build a two-story house at once. To do this, you will have to raise the outer walls of everything on a meter-one and a half, which will not greatly affect the rise.

Pros of this option are obvious:

Having spent a little more money now, you will safely save in the future.
In a few years you do not have to do the opening in the floors or the door in the outer wall, disrupting the decoration of the residential premises.
The second floor can not be separated and not spent on the stairs. And in its place while placing a small bedroom.

Features of construction from gas blocks

The fact that aerated concrete loses its positive properties during wetting, has already been said. This must be remembered during transportation and storage of material.

In addition, the instruction prescribes to take into account other features of the material:

When construction from aerated concrete blocks, it is advisable to do thin seams. This material, like all cellular concrete, has a high thermal resistance. And thick cement seams reduce this indicator from finished walls for tens of percent.
For reference. The manufacturers of aerated concrete recommend using special glue and tools for laying blocks, allowing to reduce the thickness of the seams up to 3-5 mm without loss of mounting quality.
This material is very vapor permanent, which puts it in one row with a wood comfort area in such a building. But only if the water pairs formed in the house are free to go outside, without accumulating in the walls. Therefore, the inner and outdoor finish should be thought out so that the vapor permeability of each layer increases in the direction of the outside. Either it is necessary to design a good supply and exhaust ventilation.

The solution of a housing issue usually implies large spending. But modern materials allow them to significantly reduce them without sacrificing the quality of housing. Aerated concrete belongs to such materials.

An example of calculating the required number of foam concrete blocks

Deciding to build a house of foam blocks, you need to decide on the amount of material required for this. In this case, it is much easier to make calculations than when building a building from another building material, be it brick or tree.

Foam blocks are large in size, stacked in one row, like children's cubes, so, knowing the size of the house, which gathered to build, and the size of these "cubes", can be easily calculated with very great accuracy and order just as much as you need. This will allow not to overpay money for extra materials and for their delivery.

The length of the house is 6 meters, the width is 6 m. Height - 3 m.

The perimeter of the house is obtained equal to 24 m (6x4). The total area of \u200b\u200bthe walls is 24 x 3 \u003d 72 square meters.

Thip the area of \u200b\u200bwindows and doorways. Let us (conditionally) be 5 windows (take standard, plastic). Two windows on the facade of the house size of 1770x1460mm, and 3 windows of 1470x1460mm.

Alternate all these numbers, we fold and get that the total area of \u200b\u200ball windows will be 11.6 square meters. Since we counted the area of \u200b\u200bthe windows themselves, and the window openings should be somewhat more, we can safely round this figure to 12 square meters. meters.

Standard steel doors in size 99 x 208 mm require a door opening of 102 x 210 mm. Thus, the area of \u200b\u200bthe doorway is 2.142 square meters. m. (rounded to two).

So, the total area of \u200b\u200bthe walls less outlook for windows and doors will be: 72 - 12 -2 \u003d 58 square meters. meters.

Material characteristics

A small structure in the form of a miniature suburban dwelling, technical room, a workshop, the garage is a house 6x6 of foam blocks. It is like to build such buildings because of their positive characteristics. The most important among them will be:

absolute health safety;
low weight;
affordable price;
excellent quality;
easy constructions of any designs.

Opinion expert

Filimonov Evgeny

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

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The small area of \u200b\u200bthe building under consideration allows him to build it in a short time. This does not require special skills and skills in the construction area.

The end result of the construction of the object will depend on the originality of the project and the characteristics of the architectural complex.

Using the minimum number of building materials, a fairly spacious building is created, convenient for permanent residence. It can simultaneously accommodate up to 3 people. Such houses are well kept warm, do not allow foreign sounds to penetrate the room, they are not afraid of dampness.

As a result of the use of foam blocks and aerated concrete, a facilitated domical option is obtained. The materials under consideration have similar features: the first version of the product is made using concrete. The resulting air bubbles are located in the cavity itself, inside.

The second option is associated with the active inclusion in the production of aluminum crumbs. They actively interact with oxygen, heated and produce gas.

Foamclock is characterized by a softer base and a high degree of moisture resistance, its cost is much lower than that of aerated concrete. These cells, unlike foam blocks, belong to the open type, ensuring the active interaction of air bubbles.

Aerated concrete is manufactured in industrial environments, carefully sucked in the autoclave. Its geometry is impeccable, which provides a high-quality process of masonry and acceleration in work.

Features of the construction of houses from foam blocks

The house of foam blocks 6x6 is distinguished by some originality of the construction. So, at the time of the design of the project, measures should be taken to prevent material from the destructive impact of natural nature. In the process of such an influence, the blocks quickly come into disrepair.

If it does not take action on time, then the walls are cracking, and cold will be through the resulting holes. One of the available techniques that make timely protection against external influences is to limit air access to the base. For such purposes, the surface is plastered.

Recommendation! To build a house of foam blocks, it is important to take care of the right ratio of the thickness of the layers from the external and inner side. Through such a shell should not pass moisture and air. If the necessary conditions are not observed, the walls may be sworn and come into disrepair, and from the inside the fungi and mold will appear quickly.

Slagoblocks can bring another trouble: at the time of construction, the construction of a height of more than 2 m can fall or completely collapse. Such phenomena can be observed as a result of incorrect counts or hasty actions of builders. At the end of the work, it is important to carry out the walls of the walls outside and from the inside due to the fact that the foam concrete bases are not a very beautiful coating that requires adjustment.

Almost all building materials will be suitable as an outer finish for foam concrete floors, because these products are characterized by soft, which allows you to mount any cladding on them. It can be a facing brick, siding, wood, clinker tiles, plasterboard, thin-walled plaster.

Traditionally, for the installation of such houses does not apply cement, but glue, which is very economical. Only 3 mm of the applied composition will provide reliable clutch with the surface.

To build walls from foam blocks, you should use such devices as:

master OK;
level, plumb;
kiyanka;
grinding paper;
material;
cement and sand.

Stages of Montage

Preparation.

The construction of boob concrete buildings implies not only the installation of installation works, but also preparation of the surface.

Initially, a plan is drawn up, with which you can easily determine the amount of products used. The project will help identify those sites that cause certain difficulties in the installation process, distribute communications, windows and doors in the desired sequence.

You can buy materials and insulating coatings. After that, soil preparation should be prepared: dug the kittle's desired size under the foundation. If there is a bulk soil on the site, it is necessary to build a pile support.

Recommendation! By making the choice between cement mortar and adhesive, it is important to understand that the second option is distinguished by the sophisticated layer and good grip with the surface. As a result of the use of such a composition, the appearance of the slots is reduced to zero.

Construction of the foundation.

The foundation for a small house has the appearance of columns built of bricks. On top there are lags on them, after which the bed flooring is carried out. Use slag blocks for the construction of such supports is not recommended.

Considering the fact that the house of foam blocks has a small area, besides, the material itself is easy to easily, the strengthening of the foundation is not required in this case. It will be enough that will be a ribbon support of a width of 40 cm without reinforcing.

It is important to make a sandy mound under the foundation with a height of 30 cm. The construction support itself should be located at a depth of 5 cm below the soil freezing boundary. So, for the building in 6x6 m, the optimal option will be 70 cm. Such work is performed during the day.

Before starting construction work should explore the nature of the soil of the terrain. Such events will allow you to choose the correct construction methodology and the necessary building materials. After the construction of the foundation within 2-3 months, he must dry, after which it can be started at the construction of walls. It is very important to follow the evenness of the first rows, which will make it easier for further work.

Building walls.

The recommended wall thickness is 30 cm, there will be a single row of blocks to provide the building with warmth. Stop this material should be immediately on the finished foundation covered with a layer of rubberoid and aligned with cement mortar.

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Filimonov Evgeny

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

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Attention! The installation process begins with the corners of the structure

To begin with the highest point, the first number of blocks is laid out. Focusing on it, the cord is stretched, according to which the following blocks are equal. The flawlessness of the coating is periodically verified by the level. The cement solution is placed on the base and separate parts of the product. Excess the composition are removed with the help of a queen. Defects and uneven areas are grained with special paper. Garbage and dust after such a finish should be thickened thoroughly.

Approaching the construction of bearing walls, it is worth noting that their height will be lower than other 3-cm designs. This will help significantly reduce the load on them. Available gaps are smeared by plaster.

Skill-selected layout will help reduce the number of bearing walls in the building or will contribute to the perfect refusal of them.

Since the area of \u200b\u200bthe house is in small dimensions, the openings must be made of the corresponding sizes. Often they are separated by wood. Do not forget that this material is plastic and easily varies under the action of external indicators. Therefore, the end parts of their beams should be isolated from moisture.

Food roofing.

This important stage of work does not tolerate savings. The roof should be erected according to the construction rules with high-quality ventilation. Among the modern materials that are comfortable for covering the roof is suitable. It is inexpensive, strong and externally attractive.

The house of foam blocks has pretty strong walls. They freely withstand the mass of roofing rafters made from any raw material. Waterproofing and insulation measures are conducted for such roofs. Overlapping between floors are made of wood. Concrete slabs are not used here because of their greater weight capable of leading the walls.

Exterior finish.

The construction of houses from foam block ends with a building facing.

As materials for such a finish use:

stucco with special compositions intended for foam blocks;
siding with a layer of mineral wool;
facing brick;
natural and artificial stone;
composite panels high degree of strength.

As materials intended for interior decoration, apply:

stucco;
wood lining;
plasterboard.

Any types of finishing materials are attached to the walls of slag blocks, their walls are soft and easily drilled. To make a hole for switches and sockets, an electric drill is taken and a special nozzle to it.

Construction of reinforced houses

In the process of construction of small houses, a peculiar technology is used. It comes down to the fact that it does not require reinforcement. With the construction of large-sized buildings, everything is different. In this case, without it, it is easy to do not do it: the blocks will not be able to withstand a large load, with the result that the walls can crack.

The technology under consideration of the construction of small houses will make it possible to create such a structure that will delight warmth, comfort and comfort at any time of the year.

According to the materials of the site: FB.RU, Master-rus.ru, Openoblokah.ru, Beton-House.com, Stroy-Materialy.com, OstroyMaterialah.ru

Foundation device with all its components

The foundation of the building should be reliable because it provides a long "life" of the building. During the construction of buildings from foam blocks, a small-breeding ribbon foundation is often erased by mistake and do not rein it.

About the foundation from Penobkov and will be discussed in the article.

Acquaintance with foam block

For the manufacture of foam blocks use:

sand with cement;
foam and fillers.

When adhere to technological instructions, durable, light and not rotting from dampness material are obtained. It is released in the form of large bricks.

In the manufacture of various cement marks and various foaming agents. And this affects the quality of foam block materials. The quality of the components affects the strength of foam blocks, due to the thickest gaps between the pores. The artificial foaming agent affects the decline in the cost of the blocks, but reduces its strength.

There are several types of foam blocks that have different density. Bearing structures are usually made from the types of D1000, 1100 and 1200.

Types of basics for buildings from foam concrete blocks

Optimally suitable types of foundations

Most of the foundation foundations can be built on their own. At the same time, careful calculations of all options and details are necessary:

Ribbon base. Such a plugged foundation is applied on soils, with a large clay content. The basis is laying on a depth below the level of primerization of the soil. For this foundation, it is quite thick of its walls, which should be more the thickness of the main wall walls by 10 cm. The thickness of the building base must be more than 40 cm, and the reinforcement is mandatory to the upper base of the base, stacked in two rows. For the house, which has one floor, such a foundation of bulk and unprofiled. Therefore, it is used if the basement is planned in the building or several floors. For a one-story building, the most acceptable is a low-incredible version of the foundation. His depth is small, and the construction is easier than an in-depth view. The house of foam blocks on this basis can be built on solid non-empty soil. Work is carried out at a depth of 0.6 m.
Pile base. It is suitable if the house is built on unstable soils or during the construction of foaming house-building on a steep slope. This foundation design creates stability to build.
Columnar. It is more acceptable for small house-building on loam or other similar soils. Poles are poured directly to the pits prepared for them. For strengthening the fortress, fittings are used in the form of a framework. Pillars are located at a distance of one and a half meters one from the other.
Slab foundation. It can be built on soils of any type, except for Suglink. On such soils, the monolithic foundation plate will move with the soil, and the house will be intact. For foam block buildings, monolithic plates can also be a worthy foundation option.

Calculation of load characteristics

When choosing the foundation for the house, you need to complete all the loads that it should withstand. The main function of the foundation is the distribution of the load created by the whole structure to the ground. It creates protection against the appearance of cracks and other deformations. Therefore, before construction, it is necessary to carefully calculate all the indicators of the base of the house. This calculation includes the following points:

planning of housekeeping;
mass and sizes of the house of foam blocks;
land relief;
the level of groundwater location;
climatic features;
the material from which the walls of the house are made;
carrier capacity of the soil on which the house is built;
roof angles.

It is necessary to conduct geo-examination of the place of development. Calculate the loads created by the building structure for the foundation bases. After that, you should choose the view of the foundation base and select the material from which it will be manufactured. It is equally important to choose the right to choose the depth to which the fundamental basis will be laid.

Calculation of the foundation for strength

Sometimes there is a situation where some calculations cannot be made. Then the calculations lay higher strength qualities of the foundation than. For example, when calculating the pile foundation take a greater number of piles.

From how correctly the foundation is erected, the "life expectancy" of the building depends. This is what causes the reason that these calculations are better to order specialists. For the calculation formula is very complex, and you need a good knowledge of mathematics so that the calculations are performed clearly and efficiently. The calculation is performed by the formula:

S \u003d y nf / ycrro, where

S is the base area;
F - the total weight of the house;
RO - soil resistance;
Yn - reliability coefficient;
YC is an additional condition coefficient.

The value of the resistance of the soil fluctuates from 1 - on plastic clay, up to 1.3 - on the sand. Reliability ratio is accepted most often for 1.2.

Example calculations

One of the options for arranging foundation

Suppose, the perimeter of the building is 6x6 m, height is 6 m, the thickness of the walls is 0.4 m, the brand D600 \u003d 24 mp. X6x0.4x600 \u003d 34560 kgf. The weight is calculated as the density of foam concrete, multiplied by the volume of walls.

The roof area is calculated as follows: double the length of the skate, multiplied by the length of the cornix, is 6/2, then 3 / cos45 \u003d 4.29 m. So. The area of \u200b\u200bthe roof \u003d 2x4,29 \u003d 8.58x12 ~ 103 m 2, the weight of 1 m2 of the material is approximately equal to 40-80 kg. The weight of the roof with snow is equal to 103x70 \u003d 7210 kg. The roof weight will turn out to be: 4124 + 7210 + 900 + 1500 \u003d 13730 kg.

The weight of interior decoration, furniture, people, people are added to the mass of the walls and roofs: it turns out another 34,000 kg.

We obtain S \u003d 1.2x (34000 + 13730 + 34560) / 1.2x600 \u003d 137.15 kg / m.

Many believe that the foundation for foam block house should be easier than for a brick structure. But the calculation of the foundation will definitely take into account the influence of all external factors affecting the structure.

There are builders who believe that the foundation for foam block house is better to erect from foam blocks or foam concrete. To do this, the sand should be rapid to the hardness of the road surface. After that, fittings are installed, and foam concrete is poured.

Foundation for a house from a bar of 8 to 8 with an attic

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