What is the ART and how the bank deposit insurance system in Russia is valid. How to find out the status of the statement

The DSA verifies the Samara FIA-Bank, Saratov Economy and Moscow RusStroybank, told the "Vedomosti" a financier who knows it from people close to the state corporation, and confirmed a person who knows the details of these checks. The Agency studies the financial position of banks, their assets and proportionality of obligations to understand whether those can be sanitized, clarifies one of the interlocutors of the Vedomosti.

The largest of this triple is RusStroybank (113rd in assets, data "Interfax-CEA") - problems with liquidity. At the end of October, the RaEx agency reduced its rating with B to C ("Defalt, non-fulfillment of obligations") due to the non-fulfillment of the "part of obligations under borrowed funds to private and corporate creditors for five working days and more." According to the analyst Raex Stanislav Volkov, the bank had a weak liquidity supply, which quickly ended after the mass outflow of funds: Rosstroybank was invested in construction projects, of which it is difficult to quickly take out money.

From the reporting of the bank this is not seen: on October 1, he did not violate liquidity standards. On October 1, he had almost 22 billion rubles. Fizzytz products, in September they rose 186 million. True, 250 million rubles. Other credit organizations took from the bank.

Employees of the Central Bank lead a scheduled inspection, started at the end of September, the lawyer of RusStroybank Boris Fedosimov said, its result could be the selection of a sanator bank who can help the bank and his depositors. Does the QA officers do not participate in the inspection, he did not say.

FIA-BANK (176th place) in August violated capital regulations within eight days, follows from its reporting on September 1. Capital adequacy ratio (H1) was lowered up to 9.38% at a minimum of 10%. The adequacy standards of the basic (H1.1) and the main (H1.2) capital fell to 4.65% with minimally permissible 5 and 6%. In September, FIA-Bank has stopped violating the standards. The bank pierced the standards for several days in a row due to the formation of reserves, says the analyst of the National Rating Agency (NRA, Ratages Bank) Karina Artemyeva. From the bank's reporting it follows that in September he increased loan reserves by companies by 22% (215.4 million rubles) and another 115 million rubles. - in October. The FIA \u200b\u200bBank had the prescription of the Central Bank on reserves in a very short time, he knows his counterparty.

NRA in October has reduced the FIA-Bank rating to BBB- due to the "growth of reserves, strengthening the pressure of formed reserves and reduce the ability of the main shareholder to provide assistance to the bank." NRA paid attention to "Significant remains in account of accounting for percent requirements, which minus already formed reserves exceed 1 billion rubles. (more than 40% of capital), while the quality of borrowers to which the bulk of these requirements is taken into account is estimated as low. " The bank took into account as income percentages on loans of a number of borrowers, who were in the first and second category of quality, although in fact did not receive these percentages, his counterparty knows: such earnings ensured about a third of the bank's interest income, without them the bank would be unprofitable. The contributions of individuals in the bank on October 1 was 15.7 billion rubles.

In FIA-Bank, a planned test of the Central Bank, it does not interfere with the work of the Bank - all operations are carried out in staff mode, the "Vedomosti" and. about. FIA-Bank of Roman Buzayev. Lee participating in the inspection staff, he did not report.

EconomyBank (214th place) suffered from operations with securities, says wolves. In July, RaEx reduced its rating to + - due to significant "receivables at a low level of reserves created by it." Part of the requirements for shares in the amount of 2.7 billion rubles. The bank passed with a delay of payment, the debtors changed, says wolves, noting that the capital reserve at the bank is small - 1.66 billion rubles. The saline was kept in a bank of 10.5 billion rubles.

"The financial situation of Economy Bank has not undergone any sharp changes and, accordingly, did not require the interventions of the QA and the Central Bank. The inspection of the DSU took place in the bank insurance bank in October, according to the results of which the bank is given a high quality assessment. The test of the Central Bank is planned and passes on the previously agreed schedule from September 30, "said the representative of the bank.

The DSA cannot independently check banks, the checks are always authorized by the Central Bank, says the partner of TERTICHNY LAW Ivan Torotnaya. The regulator attracts the DCA to participate in the checks of banks on issues relating to the size and structure of their obligations to depositors, completeness and correctness of the payment of insurance premiums. The goal of the DCA when checking - to find out whether the Bank calculated the size of the insured deposits and whether it is possible to quickly draw up the register of obligations to depositors. If the Central Bank finds that depositors' money is derived from the bank, the Central Bank decides to save or withdraw the license.

Representatives of the Central Bank and the QUI for Vedomosti questions did not respond.

From the "city" do not produce

The Moscow Bank "City" (180th place in the ranking "Interfax-CEA") "is experiencing liquidity deficit" due to the "significant outflow of the contributions that occurred in the last two weeks". "As a result, the Bank significantly limited the estimated operations on all accounts and deposits," the bank said. The Board of Directors has already adopted a financial recovery program that includes a reduction in costs, a loan portfolio, as well as attracting a subordinated deposit, is indicated in the Bank's report.

In the overwhelming majority, citizens do not have ideas about how the deposit insurance system (CER) is arranged, and do not know about all the nuances relating to this activity.

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The ARS is a state organization, the purpose of which is to protect funds in the credit institutions. With the insolvency of the bank, money available on the deposit is returned to customers.

How the SSV is arranged

The CER is a system for protecting finances on deposits of individuals by means of their insurance.

CER standras:

• Depositors placing savings in bank accounts are beneficiaries.
• The insurer is the DCA.
• Banks that are licensed and agreeing with the Agency, respectively, are members of the CER and insurers.
• The Bank of Russia is an authority authorized to control the activities of the QU.
• The Russian government is controlling the activities of the Deposit Insurance System, taking an active part in this system.

If the moment of the insured event occurs, the DRE undertakes guaranteed to pay them to their savings regardless of the scale and the number of similar cases in general.

Principles of CER's activities

First of all, all banks providing in their activities to conduct personal accounts should be parties to the CER. Banks to take part in the CER, it is necessary to have financial stability, for this CB of the Russian Federation conducts a check of banks.

Banks participants undertake:

• To pay insurance premiums to the CER Foundation, the delay in deductions imposes penalties.
• Occurs to notify customers about the CER, about the amount and order of payments in the event of liquidation.
• To have a list of commitments to deposit holders, as well as fulfill the requirements of another kind, which are registered in the law.
• Reimbursement on insurance cases have some limitations.
• Payments should be carried out in a short time.

List of unprotected contributions and deposits subject to insurance

Only having a license can insure deposits. The list of such banks is available on the official website of the QU. It is necessary to know whether to trust the jar in which the client decided to open a deposit. After all, in the case of liquidation, the dubious bank will not compensate for money.

Most of the contributions are insured, but there is a list that indicates those of them that remain unprotected.

The following attachments fall under insurance:

• Savings left for a certain period and percentage.
• Current accounts.
• Deposit to demand.
• Accounts on bank cards.
• Special accounts opened by entrepreneurs previously not affecting insurance payments.
• Wards, listed on the accounts of trustees and guardians.
• Money on Eskrow's accounts.

But there is a list of deposits that are not protected from possible risks, among them:

• Bearer deposits (savings certificates).
• (OMS) - accounts on which dragmetals are conducted.
• Bearer deposits.
• Funds in the accounts of electronic wallets.
• The contributions that are available in the branches of banks of Russia, but which are located abroad.
• Funds in the trust management of the bank.
• Individual accounts opened by entrepreneurs until 2014.
• Specialized notaries accounts.

Insurance of deposits of individuals

Initially, insurance of this kind appeared in America, and then this system was introduced in many countries, among them in Russia, where the AEAR began its work in 2004.

Thanks to systematic deductions from the CER's banks, the insurance fund is replenished.
Previously, the amount that was subject to insurance had a limit of 700 thousand rubles, but now this value increased by 2 times, amounting to 1.4 million rubles. It is this amount that is currently insured. The amount of these funds is guaranteed to return to citizens.

If banks do not fulfill their duties, the client has the right to receive its funds, taking into account accrued interest.

SS Limitations

These restrictions consist in the fact that not all savings are subject to the insurance law, there are those who are unprotected in that situation if the bank can no longer fulfill its activities for any reasons. It also applies to the maximum amount of coverage on deposits - 1, 4 million rubles. Simply put, more than this value of the Bank's customers at the occurrence of insurance cases cannot be paid.

Payments in response license

With the response of the license, thanks to the formation of the CER country, customers are guaranteed to receive their financial resources that are available on deposits in banks.

This is necessary in order to provide protection to simple depositors, thereby increasing the level of customer confidence in banks. Payments are made by the DC.

Elimination of insolvent credit institutions

The procedure for the elimination of an insolvent credit institution and bankruptcy is carried out in case of the impossibility of further execution of financial obligations to creditors, as well as tax and other kind of mandatory payments.

The credit institution is recognized as unable to continue its operations if it does not fulfill its financial obligations in the period up to two weeks since their occurrence.

A characteristic feature in the bankruptcy procedure is directly involved in the regulator process, that is, the Central Bank of Russia.

Sanation

Sanation, or otherwise the recovery of banks is necessary in order to prevent bankruptcy. Only in the case when bankruptcy is able to avoid, this procedure will be considered successfully completed.

The grounds that give the right to carry out the procedure:

• Non-compliance with capital adequacy regulations established by the Bank of Russia.
• Repeated non-payment of monetary obligations to creditors over the past six months, non-payment of payments due to the deficit of funds within three days from the date that payments must be carried out.
• The risk of loss of solvency of the credit institution exceeded in percentage ratio of 10%.
• The absolute amount of capital is reduced by more than 20% compared with the maximum value achieved over the past year.
• The magnitude of the capital for the reporting month was lower than the size of the authorized capital.

Sanation of banks entails holding the following frequently used events

• Rendering monetary assistance to the bank by its participants or other persons.
• Changes in the structure of assets and liabilities of the bank.
• Acquisition of Shares QAs or financial assistance provided to investors who acquire shares in the amount of at least 75%.
• Conduct changes in the organizational structure of the bank.

The process of payment of insurance

In the event of liquidation, the reimbursement of funds to the Bank's customers takes on the QA. In such a bank, temporary guide is assigned.

Within two weeks from the date of the license, the Deposit Insurance Agency chooses in which payments will be carried out. The client needs to contact the selected DCA Bank with a certain list of documents.

It includes the following documents:

• Application for the payment of deposit, completed in a special form.
• Personality document (passport). In case of changed passport data, confirming documents are required.
• If the deposit money will receive someone else, then the notarial power of attorney is needed.

After submitting an application with all the necessary documents within 3 days, the client has the right to receive reimbursement on the contribution, but it must take 14 days from the date of liquidation of the organization. Depositors have the right to get at once their funds, if they do not exceed 1, 4 million rubles. Contributions can be in different currency.

In the event that the amount of the contribution was larger, the client after receiving a guaranteed reimbursement on the deposit, an additional requirement for the remaining part of the amount, which can be paid during the period prior to the end of the total liquidation of the bank. This process can be stretched for several years.

It is necessary to compile a list of property of a credit institution and to realize property. Only after that, the Bank's customers will pay funds exceeding the established limit. After the agent has made payments, it gives a certificate of receipt of compensation.

Actions in no lists in compensation

There may be situations where customers who have contributed to the bank do not appear in the lists of compensation. This can happen, for example, if the depositor has opened a deposit a few days before the license revocation of the Bank.

In this case, the client needs to be handled directly to the DVI with a statement or certain credit organizations. In addition to the application, it is necessary to present a contract concluded with the Bank, and the parish orders. After that, the Agency must check and produce in the adjustment registry. The DEM after checking gives a written response to the applicant. It may be that the DRA will give a refusal, in this case it is necessary to go to court.

If the client disagrees with the amount paid, then it is necessary to come on the same scheme.

The domestic banking sphere today excite almost detective stories. The press carried on the trial of the financial community, criminal schemes for which they work with the money of depositors some dishonest bankers. As a result of such schemes, information on the contribution may be absent (at all or partially) in the formed DCA Register of the Bank's obligations with a revoked license.

What schemes practitioning scam bankers?

In the asset, "Creative" confused bankers have a rather extensive range of schemes that they use to reduce their responsibility for investors' money.

One of the ways is to receive money on the inadequate contribution contract, and not on the balance sheet, but "for the balance". In this case, the client is aware of the shadow scheme and consciously goes to the risk in exchange for a higher interest rate, which it is established personally. In such a scheme of the balance sheet number, the contribution does not exist, which makes it difficult to recognize the contract with valid on relevant legislation. Users of such contributions - person from the circle of personal acquaintances of top managers and credit institutions. Such VIP depositors always risk in large, i.e. Multimillion capital invest, hoping only for the "honest" word banker.

In another scheme, client money also leave "for the balance", though the depositor does not even suspect this. It is a fully real agreement with him, money is initially credited to the balance account, as it should be. But then the metamorphosis begins, which not only the client does not know, but also the bank's operating officers. With the help of a special computer program (ABS, hidden from unnecessary eye, which dishonest bankers are installed in secret from all) from the deposit account, consumption is made without the consent of the depositor. It may be a cash order, and cashless payment in favor of the organization under the control of bankers-fraudsters. Under the course of "off-balance" deposits 1-2 employee from the number of manual.

Thus, the money is invested in a high-profile business, the result of which may be losses. It is understood that the client money does not disappear at all, at the right moment they return to the official banking ABS. But still these investments are not under the protection of the state for quite a long time and there is a high probability that they will be lost forever. Interestingly, with such a scheme, the deposit account will reflect only official operations known to the client. True, the bank detains the issuance of an extract for about a day, if the client wishes such to get, because the procedure is consistent with those who control the second shadow ABS, while under normal circumstances in the conscientious bank, the printout of the document is performed immediately in front of the client.

The schemes described above are sometimes used by bankers in circumstances when the Central Bank temporarily prohibits a credit organization to take new contributions from the public or limits the volume of such operations. This happens due to the regulator detected by the Finorganization problems when verifying. But dishonest bankers are trying to come up with shadow schemes to continue their high-profile business bypassing prohibitions. At the same time, the investors themselves do not even know about the prohibitions and restrictions imposed by the Central Bank on their bank.

Another common case of the withdrawal of client money is the design of new contributions due to the crushing of old ones less than 700 thousand rubles. (i.e. the insured by the state of the limit), but already in the pre-crisis period, which threatens to end the license for the bank. Here the deposits are made on the donning persons who are in collusion with bankers-fraudsters. As a result of such actions, the amount of funds for the distribution between the other customers, which the Bank owes is reduced. Note that the DSA interprets any crushing operations during this period as fraudulent. Therefore, all depositors without exception strongly does not recommend growing contribution to various faces at the moment when the bank's problems have already become aware of the lack of money.

In a banking environment, it is not often, but still there are also frankly criminal cases of intentional destruction of information about client deposits. Moreover, it is most often the electronic database from a computer server server is erased. Although there is a risk of missing and paper documents. True, such stories are extremely rare and occur only when the upcoming bankruptcy is already becoming obvious to all.

Example Mosoblbank

It cannot be said that many credit organizations are sinning with such shadow schemes. However, from the latest cases with imprisonment of a license, such worked in a rather famous Masta Bank, my bank, BPF and Moscow lights.

But from the end of May 2014, Mosoblbank struck by its inventions even who had ever had a lot of ART staff and the Central Bank. By the way, on strangeness in the reports of Mob with the contributions of the population, the Central Bank paid attention to 2011-2012. But then the regulator did not have legal grounds to thoroughly check the bank's deposit base, because the secret of the deposit is protected by the state. At that moment, the Central Bank decided to restrict itself to the establishment of a limit for the credit institution for the reception of new contributions and a statement to the General Prosecutor's Office and the Ministry of Internal Affairs on the availability of signs of criminal offenses. It is strange that it is from these state agencies that the response has not yet been followed.

Another "innovation" of Mosoblbank in the face of restrictions on attracting new money from the population can be called distribution to potential depositors of the bank's shares for free or for a purely symbolic amount. The fact is that, according to the law restrictions, the Central Bank does not apply to the Bank's shareholders (even having only one share), so they can make money for deposits without violating sanctions.

How does the state protect the depositor?

It is important to understand what bankers make up their "highly artistic" schemes. The fact is that the state with the hands of the Central Bank is trying to protect any commercial bank from the investment of customer money in a high-root business that can end in collapse. After all, high risks are turned off not only big profit, but also loss. And the losses will not only have bankers, but also from investors who trusted them their money. Therefore, the Central Bank requires a large number of reports from its supervised reports, requires compliance with standards, regulates their risks. And the banks on the contrary are trying to hide the wrong activities that do not like the Central Bank, so "draw" for the Central Bank a beautiful picture about their allegedly "prudent" business in the framework that the regulator is set.

In addition, on each ruble, received from individuals, the Bank is obliged to make deductions to the DSU Foundation. Withdrawing money for the balance (i.e., "hiding" them from the eye of the Central Bank), a dishonest banker does not simply reduce the cost of attracted investments, but at the same time it has repeatedly increases the risks of investors and underestimates the scope of the SS Fund, created only for the benefit of depositors.

The fact is that the volume of the ASV Foundation is adjusted quarterly. Banks serve updated information about the sizes of attracted funds for the last quarter, deducting for insurance a share of 0.1%. The exact registry with the names of all depositors and the balances by their accounts is transmitted by the Bank in the DCA only upon the occurrence of the insured event. At this point, the staff of the state corporation already on legal grounds can check the compliance of the electronic register of clients with those data that is stored in the bank. If it is impossible to obtain an electronic database - the registers are restored by hand by hand to the QA based on paper documents, incl. Accounting registers.

In the history of bankruptcies, rarely, but it happened that the ASV learns about the discrepancies between client data and the banking registry from the statement of the investor on disagreement with the amount. This can be filed through a bank agent at the time of receiving insurance there. In addition, you can learn about the presence of your surname in the registry and the exact amount of payments by sending a written request to the DCA, but after the recall of the license from the Bank. With ordinary noncriminal circumstances, the depositor is enough: to wait for the start of payments (in two weeks from the date of the announcement of the license), learn from the press or on the website of the QU names of banking agents and come to one of them, taking with me only a passport.

How to secure yourself to secure yourself?

To protect your contribution from fraudulent actions of dishonest bankers, we recommend complying with simple rules:

1. Avoid banks, about any problems with the law of which is known from the press. The same applies to banks whose deposit operations are limited or suspended by the Central Bank. The same applies to banks, closely related to odious politicians or with structures whose risks to be involved in corruption schemes are very high in practice.
2. Do not trust the "familiar bankers" promising high interest in exchange for: non-standard contribution contract, the absence of a profitable cash order (if the deposit is replenished with cash) and the lack of the balance sheet of the contribution account (always 20 characters, it begins with numbers "423" for residents of residents) . When enrolling money to the contribution - compare the account account number specified in the cash order with the number of account number, which is specified in the contract. They must completely coincide.
3. Periodically (for example, once a quarter or half a year), to order in the bank an extract of the movement of funds by deposit, especially after the new replenishment, write-off or calculating interest. Issuing to complete the seal and manual signature of the head of the organization's division. This document must be stored before the closure of the contract. Also keep all checks, cash orders and non-cash payment documents accompanying the contribution.
4. At that moment, when the bank's absence from a bank is already known to everyone, it is not recommended: to reissue the contribution to several other persons (i.e., intentionally crushed into smaller amounts) or enter into a fictitious loan agreement, even if they offer bank employees. Such schemes will be considered to be considered suspicious and can turn into the investor with protracted problems, incl. through court. Crushed less than 700 thousand rubles. It is recommended at the very beginning, even before the conclusion of the contract, and not when it became clear that before the deprivation of the license bank remained a few days. In the crisis of non-payment, it is better to try to sign up in a queue to remove money through the cashier or make a payment order.

What if it happened "terrible"?

In case, after all, information about your contribution is missing in the register of obligations just a closed bank - also has its own recipe. First, you need to fill in a special application in the DCA on your claims to receive a contribution. Secondly, attach the evidence base, i.e. Deposit agreement and profitable documents described above. In such cases, ASV employees quickly restore the rights of depositors and within two weeks include them in the register of obligations for insurance payments.

A more than a long procedure will have to those persons who ASV refused to include a deposit into the register of obligations, because he suspects them in the intentional crushing of the contribution or who in the hands of a non-standard contract without the balance sheet number. For such precedents there are already positive judicial practice in favor of the depositor. Although you have to spend money on a good lawyer and gain patience a few months ahead. Note that the courts still do not always go to the "crushers".

The amounts of deposits exceeding 700 thousand insurance. Invoices in the so-called register of lenders of the first stage, i.e. On their partial refund, you can hope on the results of the bankruptcy of the bank.

Initially, insurance indemnity was limited to the amount of 100,000 rubles and in the Deposit Insurance Agency included only banks of federal significance. Since 2006, the amount of compensation has been increased almost two and amounted to 190,000 rubles, and in 2008, 400,000 rubles were paid to victims of depositors.

Sources of funds Foundation ASV are: insurance premiums of banks that make up the main source and occupy more than 80% of the profit from investing funds of the Fund is about 14% of the estate fee of the Russian Federation 5% at the moment there are already more than 800 banks in ABC, and the amount of insurance payments is 700 000 rubles. The DSA carries out procedures for the control of banks of participants, controls, forms the receipt of funds and manages the funds of the Fund. Recently, the DSU is also entrusted with the financial recovery of banks, as well as the appointment of competitive managers and the implementation of liquidation procedures in insolvent banks.

How does it work

The main function of the ASV is the protection of savings of investors placing deposits in Russian banks in rubles and in any other currency, but only in Russia.

For any bank who has a license to work with the contributions of individuals and in force in the territory of the Russian Federation participation in the state insurance system of deposits is necessary. Citizens making deposits in banks do not need to further sign the insurance contract with the DCA, since all banks included in the Register of the Mandatory Insurance Fund automatically receive a reimbursement guarantee for their depositors in the QA system. The Deposit Insurance Agency returns to the depositor of the deposit amount when an insured event occurs, then calculations for reimbursement of the issued contribution amount between the Bank and the QA is carried out without the participation of the contributor.

How do banks insure deposits?

Deposit Insurance System obliges the Bank quarterly to the fund insurance premiums in the amount of 0.1% of all available deposits of individuals from its own funds. Depositors do not participate in deductors. This is how the insurance fund is created. Thus, additionally insure its contribution to the Bank to the Bank, insurance has already been fulfilled. Thus, all your contributions to the border of the maximum refund are reliably protected and you should not worry about the reliability of the bank and additional insurance.

How can I find out if the bank is included in the deposit insurance system?

As already noted above, all banks have a license to carry out banking activities and working with the means of individuals are obliged to conclude an insurance contract with the DCA, checking your bank in the list of banks of participants or not will not be superfluous on the Deposit Insurance Agency website. Many banks on their booklets and sites necessarily provide information for investors that the bank is in the insurance system. Are interests insured? State limit on the payment of the sum insured is limited. Up to 700,000 rubles will receive an investorer of a closed bank. Interest on the deposit will also be refunded if they are part of the contribution (capitalized), but if interest and contribution within the maximum amount. If citizens have deposits in foreign currency, then when an insured event occurs, the compensation is made at the rate at the time of the insured event. If you have an amount exceeding the size of the maximum compensation, it makes sense to divide it to deposits in different banks.

Where to apply for payment of the sum insured?

If it happened that your bank can no longer fulfill the obligations to pay the insurance case to either the Foundation of the ASV or the Bank appointed by the Foundation. Accurate information to contact you will find or in the media (the Bank is obliged to inform the depositors) or by going to the ASV.org.org Deposit Insurance Agency site or in the bank itself. In order to get the amount of reimbursement, it is enough to come to the Deposit Insurance Agency or to Bank-Agent. An appointed QA with a passport and a standard sample statement, which can be obtained on the ASV website.

What deposits are subject to refund, and which no?

Insured and subject to compensation deposits of individuals (including debit cards) and deposits of the IP Exception: Bearer deposits. Deposits on trust management. Deposits of entrepreneurs of individual activities (lawyers, lawyers, notaries).

Deposits in foreign branches. Deposits in precious metals under the draft drag. Metals do not apply to money). Translations without opening an account, including electronic translations. The size of the maximum amount that is subject to a refund of 700,000 rubles. The state guarantees depositors unconditional deposit refund no later than two weeks from the date of application. By law, all banks carrying out banking activities in Russia must become participants in the Deposit Insurance Fund, the contribution to 700,000 rubles can be entrusted to any bank without fears, since in the case of bankruptcy or license revocation you will return your savings within 14 days.

Under what conditions does the insured event occurs?

The insured event occurs when: the bank has revoked or revoked the license of the Central Bank. The Central Bank introduces a ban on meeting the requirements of creditors (bank bankruptcy, serious financial difficulties of the bank).

Do not pay attention to the "smart" tips on what you need to choose a reliable bank, even with low interest rates on deposits. Choose deposits with maximum yield and capitalization, and the Insurance System of DRA contributions guarantees the return of your savings anyway.

More than three hundred Russian banks are currently under the liquidation process - such data published in November. Almost every of these credit institutions attracted deposits of individuals and individual entrepreneurs. To return to depositors a total of 1.7 trillion rubles allowed the existing deposit insurance system in the Russian Federation since 2004. This state program not only protects against the possible loss of funds on, but also significantly increases the public confidence in the banking structures and the institution of savings in general. What is the deposit insurance system (CER) and how is it organized?

The Deposit Insurance System in the Russian Federation is based on the fact that the state in the event of a bank bankruptcy or his review of his license guarantees a quick return to the individuals and IP deposit amounts of up to 1.4 million rubles. According to the Association of Russian Banks, in the first half of 2017, the average amount of the contribution of a resident of the country amounted to 163.1 thousand rubles, the share of deposits less than 1.4 million rubles is approaching 60%. Consequently, under the parameters of the deposit insurance system (CER), most of the savings of the population are falling.

As far as the CER is relevant, it can be judged at least for the fact that during its actions the possibility of obtaining compensation more than 3.6 million depositors took advantage. In total, during this period, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation deprived the license over 400 banks (the full list can be viewed here: https://www.asv.org.ru/insurance/insurance_cases/). In 2017, 45 credit organizations stopped work, among which there are participants in the top 30 Russian banks (for example, the Ugra).

The maximum amount of compensation for deposits in closed banks from the beginning of the program has grown 14 times. From 2004 to 2008, it was 100 thousand rubles, then increased to 700 thousand. Since the end of 2014, this indicator is at the level of 1.4 million rubles.

History of changes in the amount of insurance compensation:

• From January 2004 to August 9, 2006 - 100 thousand rubles;
• From August 10, 2006 to March 25, 2007 - 190 thousand rubles;
• From March 26, 2007 to October 1, 2008 - 400 thousand rubles;
• From October 2, 2008 to December 28, 2014 - 700 thousand rubles;
• From December 29, 2014 and at the moment - 1.4 million rubles.

History from life

I "got" in the early 2010 with the bank "Holding-credit", where he kept a decent amount. He simply evaporated, and the depositors base was restored literally in pieces, according to separately preserved files. Fortunately, I was inscribed in some of the files, and the procedure passed without a bitch and zadorinka. 4 days after the announcement of the start of payments, I came to the branch of the Solve next to the Gorbushka and turned to the first employee. He invited a special manager, who took me to a special window, where I signed a statement and almost immediately got my contribution (since it was 370 thousand, less than the maximum) and interest. Finally, they said: "They shouldn't do anything else.".

Deposit Insurance Agency (QU): What is it and for what is created?

The Deposit Insurance Agency (DC) is a state organization established under the Law "On Insurance of Deposits of Individuals in Banks of the Russian Federation". The tasks of the ASV include control over the contributions of banks to a special fund from which payments to victims are made as a result of bankruptcy or revocation of a license from the bank to depositors

Since the deposit insurance system is a special state program, for its implementation in 2004, a corporation was created with 100 percent government participation. Deposit Insurance Agency (DC) acts as a liquidator and competitive management banks with revoked licenses, and most importantly, it is disposed of compulsory deposit insurance fund from which depositors and compensation pays.

The volume of the Fund as of October 1, 2017 was about 40 billion rubles. However, by itself, this figure is little about what he says: the process of returning the deposits of closed banks is constantly going on, only this year the ASV attracted more than 600 billion rubles as loans from. The repayment of these loans is due to the influx of the contributions fund from Russian banks within the Deposit Insurance System.

Free funds The Agency invests mainly in government securities and deposits of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, to invest money in the share of banks is prohibited by law.

The Board of Directors of the ASV is headed by the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation, this body includes six more members of the government of the country, as well as five representatives of the Central Bank, which emphasizes the official status of the agency and its reliability provided by public funds.

The preservation of the contribution in the case of the collapse of the bank is guaranteed by Federal Law No. 177-FZ "On insurance of deposits of individuals in the banks of the Russian Federation".

Now the insurance system covers two categories of depositors: individuals and individual entrepreneurs.

The SCM scheme is very similar to the algorithm of any compulsory insurance, only as insurers are not citizens, but banks. Credit organizations are deducted to the Deposit Insurance Agency share from attracted financial resources. Of this money, the insurance fund is formed in the DSV, which is then spent on compensation to the depositors of banks with an derogated license.

Existing rates of banks' deductions to the Deposit Insurance System

To become a member of the CER, the depositor does not need to conclude a separate agreement - the deposit insurance occurs automatically when it is discovered.

There are only two insured events in which the ASV compensates for the contribution:

1 Feedback, or cancellation by the Central Bank of the Bank's license. It occurs in the case of the detection of signs of insolvency (impending bankruptcy) or violation of the requirements of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. The voluntary liquidation of the Bank with its owners under the operation of the deposit insurance system does not fall - simply because to decide on the closure of the bank's owners can only after full calculation with all creditors, including depositors.

If the owners decide to simply lock the doors of the office and go abroad, the Bank will be eliminated by the decision of the Central Bank - with a review of the license and compensation to customers as part of the Deposit Insurance System.

2 Moratorium. Prohibiting the satisfaction of the requirements of bank creditors (imposes a bank of Russia). The moratorium is introduced when the bank himself makes delay in front of its creditors due to lack of funds on its accounts.

Example: Banks to issue loans to individuals themselves take money on credit under a smaller percentage from other banks and organizations.

The essence of this measure is that the Central Bank suspends any bank payments for 3 months (payments on deposits, on executive sheets, fines, penalties, etc.) besides current expenses (employee salary, social benefits, utilities and other economic payments).

During this period, the Central Bank checks the work of the credit institution and decides whether it is worth considering her license. Two weeks after the introduction of the moratorium, and before it is completed, you can contact the DRE with a statement of compensation for the contribution. In the history of the agency, the agency of the moratorium was administered only twice: in Vesselbank and "Note-Bank" in 2015.

Central Bank of the Russian Federation

If the bank responds to a license, the depositor can get back the attached amount (no more than 1.4 million rubles), without waiting for the procedure of the credit institution. The first payments are made already after 14 days from the date of the announcement of the license revocation (if the register of depositors is in order and in time transferred to the DC).

The Deposit Insurance Agency works, as a rule, through banks - agents, in all of them in the registry of Sixty-two ASV. These are leading banks with states (for example, payments to the clients of the Ugra Bank carried out VTB24), as well as large private credit organizations (Alpha Bank, Binbank and others).

This is done to improve availability: the branches of agent banks, as a rule, are in all major cities, contributors easier to contact there, rather than send documents by mail in the DC.

Legislation does not provide any sequence in the payment of compensation: two weeks after the license of the license to the Bank agent may contact any depositor (both the individual and IP) - the main thing is that the information about him is in the bank's deposits of the bank depositors . More information about cases where information about the depositor is absent in the registry and what to do in such situations is considered at the end of this article.

The procedure for returning the contribution is simplified as much as possible: the depositor addresses the bank agent with a minimum number of documents. If everything is in order, the physical is listed to the account specified by them or issued in cash at the bank's office. An individual entrepreneur returned funds to be transferred to the account in any bank (it is most profitable to open an account in the Agent bank - do not have to pay the commission).

A license review after which the bank stops work, you need to distinguish from sanation (financial recovery). In the second case, the Bank introduces a temporary administration, the owner can change and climb the hype in the media, but nothing changes for the depositor - work with deposits passes in normal mode, money can be removed in full. Usually, a reservation is used in two cases:

• Bank is important for the state of the country's economy, and its closure may entail negative macroeconomic consequences;
• The deterioration is temporary and associated with a panic of depositors, and not with a real financial "hole" in the capital of the bank.

In 2017, the Central Bank was sanitized two credit organizations from the Top 10 - the "Opening" and Binbank banks.

What banks enter the deposit insurance system

According to the DIA on November 13, 2017, the deposit insurance system includes 476 existing Russian banks in which more than 24 trillion rubles of the deposits of individuals and IP are concentrated.

The law obliges to participate in the CER all credit organizations that make contributions from the population. To have the right to hang on its website, the Banner "Deposits is insured", banks must comply with several requirements:

• Significant reporting (according to the Central Bank standards), errors and inaccuracies should not affect the assessment of the financial sustainability of the organization;
• Fulfillment of the standards of the Central Bank on reserves, the size of capital, etc.
• The financial stability of the Bank is recognized by the Central Bank sufficient (primarily in terms of liquidity, the quality of risk management and other similar parameters);
• Timely provision of data on persons under the control of which is the bank.
• Timely correction of identified disorders.

Not all banks correspond to the specified requirements. 4 Credit organizations are now deprived of the right to attract funds. Thus, the Central Bank indicates banks to problems taking into account deposits and on the suspicion of "notebook" accounts, when the money from depositors are taken, but are not conducted by documents.

After prohibiting the attraction of new contributions, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation begins to check for the availability of off-balance accounts - so, Miko-Bank has revealed about 800 depositors, whose money (828 million rubles) did not pass on the balance of the bank and decline in an unknown direction. As a rule, the restriction on the receipt of deposits ends with a review of the license.

There are several ways to check whether your bank is included in the CER. The simplest thing is to look at the site insurance agency website (section "Participants' banks, sorted by alphabetically: https://www.asv.org.ru/insurance/banks_list/). You can also clarify the information on the phone free hotline : 8 800 200-08-05.

On the Internet resources of banks included in the deposit insurance system, a special mark developed by the DCA. Also, this sign is placed on glasses at the box office and operations of banks.

How to return the contribution if the bank has withdrawn the license

The activities of the credit organization stops only the Central Bank. The process of compensation is launched immediately after the bank is withdrawn by the license.

During the week from the date of receipt of the debt registry, the Deposit Insurance Agency sends a message to the "Bulletin of the Bank of Russia" and the official urban newspaper at the location of the bank.

The text indicates the place, time, form and procedure for receiving applications for payment of compensation on deposits. Similar information is posted on the sites of the Agency and the Bank itself. Then within 30 days the same messages are sent to depositors by mail.

Most often, investors will learn about the revocation of the license of their bank from the media, they are usually always spoken in the news on the central channels, they write on large news sites and portals, such as Yandex, Mail, etc.

Finally, if you came to the bank, and his office is suspiciously closed in the midst of the working day, then that you should do:

1 Come on the website of the ASV and then either call the phone of the hotline 8 800 200-08-05, or clog the name of your bank in the search string. If it turns out that the Bank is withdrawn by the license, then you will find out which bank is appointed Agent ASV for compensation payments. These data are posted on the Deposit Insurance Agency website, or ask this from a hotline specialist.

2 14 days after the announcement of the revocation of the Bank's license (its date is indicated on the Agency's website) the depositor, his representative or heir writes a statement in the form of the DESA. Blank can be downloaded on the agency website (https://www.asv.org.ru/insurance/, section "Blanks of documents") or fill in a bank agent. A hurry is not required, but you need to have time until the day of the bank's bankruptcy procedure (this date it will be reported on the SIT sites and a closed credit institution). If the contributor or his heir "yawned", it is possible to restore the period by proving that the submarine of the statement was prevented by force majeure, service in the army or severe illness.

3 documents are applied to the application. For the investor enough passport, the representative brings a notarial power of attorney. If the contributor is a minor, parents or guardians provide his birth certificate. The adoptive parents require a prevention document, from guardians, respectively, to establish a guardianship. If there is no possibility to submit documents in person to the agent personally, they can be sent by mail by registered letter with the notice.

4 The Bank-agent according to the law should consider the depositor's application to the maximum until the end of the next working day (if the deposit of the depositors has already been received by the bank from the DC). If the amount of compensation is small, immediately after receiving the application, it is paid through the cashier (the limit depends on the Rules of the Bank Bank - in some cases they can pay a million, but most often the amount is limited to one or two hundred thousand rubles). Otherwise, the depositor will be offered to come the next day, the required amount will be prepared. If the depositor in the statement wished to get money by non-cash transferants, the agent bank gives three working days.

5 Simultaneously with the money, the client issues a certificate of what amount is paid / listed. This document is especially important if your contribution exceeds 1.4 million, and you plan to present claims to the bank deprived of the license in the future.

If the deposit compensation for some reason (not related to the failure of the client) will not be paid on time, the contributor has the right to apply to the court. You can require the following:

• penalty;
• compensation of moral harm;
• pay interest for the use of other people's money from the first day of delay.

History from life

I had a contribution to 200 thousand rubles in a confused "bank-t". I knew that the bank was dumb, but he offered interest, before which it was not to resist (about 12.5%, even at the time very cool). Time went, the percentage I took myself to my card. And then I saw in Yandex that the bank was withdrawn by a license. I went to the website of the ASV - in the first line of the news there was a message about the deadlines in which the agent bank will appoint. I waited a few days, I went to the site again - Sberbank chose a bank agent. They paid deposits not everywhere, the list of departments was also posted on the SIR website. In the department, which was closest to me, the return of deposits was engaged in the department serving VIP clients of the Sberbank. But the queue was and there - not from the scandalist grandmack, but it was. The first time came just ask. They said that in addition to the passport, nothing needs. There is a status of accounts. I was immediately found in the registry, signed a statement drawn up by the manager - and everything, you can at the box office. I did not go to the box office, because I had an account in Sber, asked to transfer money to him. Translation came instantly. What pleasantly surprised, compensated even interest in the last month of service. "Bank-T" paid interest on the last day of the month, and until November 30 he did not finalize. I thought I would not get anything for November or a maximum at the request "to demand", but paid at the usual rate - another 1700 with a penny rubles in plus to the body of the contribution.

Office of ARS in Moscow at the address: Vysotsky Street, 4

Frequently asked Questions

Are all types of deposits in banks insured?

No, not all. The law establishes a clear list of deposits whose compensation state guarantees:

• to demand and urgent;
• on salary, pension and scholarsal bank accounts;
• On IP accounts (in banks devoid of licenses after January 1, 2014).
• In accounts belonging to guardians and trustees, but open on minors or incapacitated (in banks whose licenses were withdrawn after December 23, 2014).
• In special accounts (), open by individuals for settlements for real estate transactions (in banks that remain without a license after April 2, 2015).

But what bank products do not fall into the deposit insurance system:

• Funds on deposits of lawyers, notaries, etc., if these accounts are opened for professional activities.
• Contribution deposits for bearer.
• Means transmitted by individuals to banks in trust management.
• Deposits opened in branches of Russian banks outside the Russian Federation (the abroad does not apply to the abroad).
• Contributions to e-mail.
• Funds on nominal accounts and accounts escrow (except those mentioned above).
• Funds on impersonal metallic accounts.

Are interest in deposit insured?

Yes, they are insured, but only if they were counted on the principal amount of the deposit until the start of the bankruptcy procedure. Let's look at a few examples for a better understanding:

Example # 1.

You have placed 100,000 rubles on the deposit, a period of a year and interest accrual at the end of the term. Suppose that in six months after the conclusion of the contract, the Bank recalled the license. Since your money did not put on the contribution of the year, then the percentages were not accrued to you, which means they are not subject to insurance.

Example # 2.

You have placed all the same 100,000 rubles on the contribution, a period of a year and interest accrual at the end of each month. Six months later, the bank was withdrawn by a license. In this case, you will receive your contribution + interest for six months, as they were charged and treated to the amount of the contribution every month.

Does debit card account contributions in the insurance system?

Deposit insurance applies to debit card accounts, the procedure for compensation on them is the same as for other types of deposits. Exceptions are prepaid bank cards. Cash to them is not insured.

History from life

At one time, I had a plastic map "Svyaznabank", lay on it, was "on a black day" the amount of 15 tr. Somehow, right before the new year, I heard on the radio that the bank closed for a month ago. At first, I decided that the "snap" disappeared forever, but still climbed on the Internet to search for ends. On the bank's website there was an indication of contacting the payments to Sberbank - with a passport. Knowing our bureaucracy, took with me all the documents -, the original and copies of the contract with the bank and much more. And at the same time the account number of another card to translate money there if everything goes well. The Department of Sberbank, which was required to turn, was at the other end of the city, but I went there in good faith, thinking that I could hardly help in the near office. Accepted me in 10 minutes. The employee took the passport and fill out the statement itself. I signed. The employee itself went with the check in the cashier and brought me my 15 thousand. Everything went smoothly 20 minutes.

When can refuse to pay?

There are only three grounds for which you will not be paid to pay off the deposit:

• In the registry there is no information about you as a depositor.
• You provided incorrectly executed documents or did not provide any paper.
• The Bank-agent did not receive the register of depositors from the DC.

The Agent Bank is obliged to provide you with a written explanation of refusal to pay insurance compensation.

History from life

For a long time, the bank was chosen for the placement of the money there, which were planned later to spend on the purchase of an apartment, but for now earn a percentage. Investigation of the contribution was one of the main conditions. We live in Samara, it seemed to be the most convenient to discover the contribution to the Volga-Kamsky Bank. From time to time came, replenished, took statements - everything as usual. And then the audience went, that the bank of Kayuk. We just had to make a contribution to the purchase of an apartment, smashing, ran to the bank. The kilometer turn, the money, of course, did not see, but almost a power of the banking statement with the balances with the bank marks. And calmed down. We waited for "letters of happiness" from the ASV - and fell into shock. We are not in the registry! But we have an extract! They wrote a counter statement to the agency, put a copy, wait for solutions. From the DSI arrived from the question: you are not in the registry. I didn't even watch an extract! If it were not for the deputy of the State Duma and not the prosecutor's office, so we would not receive anything. According to the result, paid only after 6 months.

How to be if you were not in the registry of depositors?

The reason for such an unpleasant situation may be the negligence of bank employees (documents are lost or destroyed documents in terms of depositors, employees are dismissed, the ends to seek nowhere) either the so-called "off-balanced deposits" - when the money from the depositors took, and they did not conduct money on documents by issuing lime paper to customers. As a result, you have an agreement on your hands, and in the bank of information about what you contributed is not available. Accordingly, when contacting a bank agent for compensation, you will receive a refusal. Such had to experience, for example, depositors of "Crossinvestbank", Miko-Bank, Stella Bank, where the number of "notebook" deposits approached 100%.

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