Accounting for active transactions with securities. Accounting for securities Accounting for securities management operations
According to this chart of accounts accounting(No. 94n), securities are subject to reflection on account 58, which is called "Financial investments". It is in the sub-accounts of this account numbered 1 and 2 that the securities are located. In the article we will tell you about the accounting of securities in accounting, we will give examples of postings.
What securities can be called valuable
Securities are, first of all, shares and stocks, bonds, bills of exchange, checks and mortgages. For a more understandable designation of these terms, you can give them the following brief definitions:
- Shares secure the right of the owner of this security to claim part of the company's profits in the form of dividends.
- The bond allows the holder to claim its nominal value, as well as a specified percentage.
- The share assigns to its owner the opportunity to receive part of the property objects of the enterprise.
- A bill of exchange is a certifying paper that a certain person (citizen or organization) must pay the second person a specific amount of money within a limited time period.
- A check is a piece of paper that is directly linked to the bank. In the check, its owner indicates the amount and instructs the bank to pay this amount to a specific person or company.
Accounting for bills in accounting
The promissory notes belong to the 2nd sub-account of account 58 and are included in the category of "debt securities". Read also the article: → "". The debit shows the receipt and increase in the number of bills, and the credit shows their disposal. Most often, accounting reflects either the receipt or issue of bills, or the profit that is received on bills.
Transactions involving promissory notes:
| P / p No. | The content of the action | Debit | Credit | Type of transaction |
| 1 | Bill of exchange received from suppliers | 58.2 | 62 | 3 |
| 2 | The value of the bill of exchange has been written off | 91.2 | 58.2 | 4 |
| 3 | The organization purchased a bill of exchange from third parties | 58.2 | 51 | 3 |
| 4 | The bill was received in payment of a third party | 58.2 | 62 | 3 |
| 5 | The book value of the bill of exchange was written off | 91.2 | 58.2 | 4 |
When selling bills, account 91 is used, if the sale of bills is not the main activity of the organization, and on account 90, if it is. For transactions involving bills of exchange, account 58 is most often used.
Accounting for bonds in accounting
If the funds received exceed the par value of the bond, then the amount by which the par value of the bond is exceeded is included in the other income account.
This also includes expenses in the form of accrued interest on bonds. Examples of typical postings for bond accounting:
| P / p No. | The content of the action | Debit | Credit | Type of transaction |
| 1 | Firm purchased bonds | 76 | 51 | 3 |
| 2 | Buyer's debt for redeemable bonds discovered | 91.2 | 58.2 | 1 |
| 3 | Bond redeemed | 91 | 58.2 | 2 |
| 4 | The difference between the original bond value and the par value has been written off | 58.2 | 91 | 4 |
| 5 | The receipt of funds for bonds is shown | 51 | 62 | 3 |
Accounting for shares in accounting
In addition to the initial issue, there is also an issue of additional shares. It is necessary to notify about the acquisition of shares. tax office and document it. The accountant may not reflect the acquisition of shares in the quarterly report, but draw up a document at the time of acquisition. Also, contracts for the purchase and sale of shares with other persons or organizations are drawn up in writing.
Examples of standard accounting entries for stock accounting:
| P / p No. | The content of the action | Debit | Credit | Type of transaction |
| 1 | The company bought shares | 58.1 | 76 | 3 |
| 2 | The accrual of% on them is shown | 76 | 91 | 2 |
| 3 | The value of shares retired in connection with the sale of shares has been written off | 91 | 58 | 4 |
| 4 | The provision formed in connection with the depreciation of shares was written off | 59 | 91 | 4 |
| 5 | Balance sheet acceptance of shares taken into account | 58 | 60 | 3 |
Example of accounting for securities
Securities, the information on which is presented above, can be divided into main and auxiliary. The former include shares and stocks (sc. 58.1), and auxiliary ones - the remaining securities (bills, checks, bonds, etc.) (sc. 58.2). Securities are mainly engaged in the processes of acquisition, sale, disposal and accrual of interest. In some cases, their transfer and write-off is possible.
Regular legal entities and entrepreneurs, as well as legal entities and individual entrepreneurs who are involved in the movement of such securities at a professional level, can participate in the movement of securities on the market. In accounting, there are whole sets of transactions for specific situations, where it is necessary to make a large number of transactions and identify absolutely all transactions performed in a particular situation. Let's give an example involving securities.
The simplest example: a company purchased shares in a bank at a price of 1,500 rubles, although the par value of the shares was 1,000 rubles. The only forced expense is payment to the issuer. Meanwhile, the maximum bond circulation period was only 2 years. The yield on the bonds was paid to their owner every six months at a rate of 40% per annum. Next, we will create a table in which we will write down all the operations that occurred in this situation.
| P / p No. | The content of the action | Debit | Credit | Transaction amount |
| 1 | The value of the bonds paid to their original owner (issuer) | 76 | 51 | 1500 |
| 2 | Reflected book value of bonds | 58.1 | 76 | 1500 |
| 3 | Dividends accrued | 76 | 91 | 300 |
| 4 | Listed dividends | 51 | 76 | 300 |
| 5 | Reflected is the share by which the price of bonds decreased | 91 | 58 |
Similar operations can occur with shares (which happens most often), and with bills of exchange, and with other types of securities. This example includes five transactions, but most often transactions in similar examples can reach twenty. The main thing here is to correctly calculate the amount and debit with credit. In accounting, securities are reflected according to their book value.
Common mistakes in securities accounting
It's no secret that accounting is a delicate matter, and you can't make a mistake. Even the smallest mistake will be fraught with consequences. Below we list the most common mistakes that accountants have when accounting for securities. The first common mistake is related to the registration of bills. Incorrect wiring will result in incorrect wiring.
The next mistake is in the accounting of the buyer's own bill of exchange. It is reflected by 58 counts. But here it is very important to know whether the buyer has written out his bill or has transferred it to third parties. In the first case, a bill of exchange must be reflected on the debit of account 62 (settlements with buyers and customers). And in the second case, on the debit, you need to reflect the bill and attribute it to the account of short-term debts.
The third mistake is again related to promissory notes. A bill of exchange (and any other security) can be obtained free of charge from a supplier (contractor). And many firms mistakenly believe that it is not worth reporting to the tax authorities for this. But this is not so, even for gratuitous receipts, a legal entity is obliged to report to the Federal Tax Service. And the last common mistake - the costs of selling securities are indicated in the expense item. This cannot be done, the costs of selling securities will not help reduce tax payments.
Frequently asked questions and answers to them
Question number 1. How to use the FIFO method correctly when disposing of the securities in question?
If the securities leave the holder, and at the same time it is decided to apply the FIFO method to formalize the disposal process, then their place of storage and the purpose of acquisition must be taken into account. This should be reflected in the accounting policy of the objectives.
Question number 2. How to display purchased securities in the over-the-counter market?
In this situation, this should be reflected in the same sequence as other securities of a security type received from other suppliers. Then their value is either transferred to a bank account, or fixed through other income.
Question number 3. Should the issuer withhold personal income tax from dividends that it transfers to a legal entity for securities owned by individuals?
It is impossible to give an unambiguous answer. However, professional accountants are of the opinion that they should not.
Question number 4. What if the issuer is declared bankrupt?
First, you need to contact the issuer and listen to his proposals for you. Further, if no sensible proposals have been received, the easiest way is to wait for the court to which the issuer will be summoned at the request of other creditors. There is also a bankruptcy law, where there is a procedure for dealing with such a situation.
The purchase of a security is the registration of a security on the balance sheet accounts in connection with the acquisition of ownership of the security.
Accounting records for the reflection in the accounting of investments in securities and transactions made with securities, are carried out on the basis of an internal document signed by the head of the bank (branch) or a person authorized by him.
The acquired securities are accounted for in the balance sheet accounts of Sec. 5 "Operations with securities".
Securities are purchased for the purpose of forming:
Bank's trading portfolio;
Investment income (form an investment portfolio);
Controlling participation portfolio.
The trading portfolio includes quoted securities purchased for the purpose of generating income from their sale (resale), as well as securities that are not intended to be held in the portfolio for more than 180 days and can be sold and meet the following requirements:
a) quoted securities purchased for the purpose of their resale within 180 calendar days inclusive. These securities are accounted for by groups of issuing entities on balance sheet accounts of the second order 50104 - 50110 "Debt obligations acquired for resale and under loan agreements", 50605 - 50608 "Shares acquired
for resale and under loan agreements. "Analytical accounting is kept in the context of securities issues;
b) quoted and unquoted securities purchased under agreements providing for the possibility of their resale within 180 calendar days inclusive. These securities are accounted for on balance sheet accounts of the second order 50113 "Debt liabilities acquired under agreements to resell", 50611
"Shares purchased under agreements to resell" (regardless of the issuer).
Analytical accounting is kept in the context of each contract;
c) quoted and unquoted securities purchased under loan agreements (regardless of the term of the agreement and the issuer) are accounted for on second order balance sheet accounts 50115 "Debt obligations acquired under loan agreements", 50613 "Shares acquired under loan agreements". Analytical accounting is carried out in the context of each contract.
Analytical accounting is maintained in accordance with the selected method for assessing the cost of retired (sold) securities in terms of issues or individual securities (their lots).
Securities investment portfolio reflected in balance sheet accounts 503 "Quoted debentures purchased for investment ", 508" Quoted shares purchased for investment ", 502" Unquoted promissory notes ", 507" Unquoted shares. " investment income or as available for resale (based on an increase in their value).
Quoted Securities - Securities that meet the following conditions:
Open access admission organized market or through an organizer of trading on the securities market (including overseas open organized markets or organizers of trade), which is licensed by the Federal Commission for the Securities Market,
and for foreign organized markets or trade organizers - the national authorized body;
Market price information is publicly available, i.e. is subject to disclosure in accordance with Russian and foreign legislation on the securities market, or access to it does not require
whether the user has special rights.
If a security ceases to meet the criteria for being quoted, it must be transferred to balance sheet accounts for accounting for unquoted securities. If an unquoted security begins to meet the criteria of a quoted security, then it must be transferred to balance sheet accounts for accounting for quoted securities.
The date of transactions for the purchase and disposal of securities is the date of transfer of rights to the security.
In accounting, transactions are reflected on the day of receipt of the primary documents confirming the transfer of rights to a security, or on the day of the fulfillment of the terms of the agreement that determine the transfer of rights.
Transactions and transactions for which the transfer of rights or settlements are carried out on the date of the transaction are subject to reflection on balance sheet accounts 47407, 47408 "Settlements on conversion transactions and forward transactions" (off-balance sheet accounting is not kept in this case).
Securities are accepted for accounting at the actual costs of their purchase in the currency of the Russian Federation (in rubles). Costs in foreign currency are taken into account at the official rate of the Bank of Russia on the date of transfer of rights to securities, and preliminary costs - on the date of acceptance for accounting. The costs associated with the acquisition and disposal (sale) of securities include:
The costs of paying for the services of specialized organizations and other persons for
consulting, information and registration services;
Fees paid to intermediaries;
Fees paid to institutions providing conclusion and execution
And for interest-bearing (coupon) securities - also interest (coupon) income paid when purchasing them.
Depending on the purposes of the acquisition, the accounting of investments in securities is carried out by the following methods:
a) at the purchase price;
b) at the market price.
To reflect transactions related to the disposal of securities and the determination of the financial result, balance sheet accounts 61203 and 61204 "Sale (disposal)
valuable papers".
The credit of the sales (disposal) accounts reflects the amount received in the redemption of the security.
The debit of these accounts is written off the amount of the cost of the security.
In accounting, the purchase of a security is reflected in the following entries:
1) the cost of the security is accounted for:
Dt of the personal account of balance sheet accounts of the second order of the corresponding portfolio
2) accrued interest income paid upon acquisition is reflected:
Дт 50406 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations, paid upon acquisition"
CT 30102, 20202, 40702, 47407, 47408, 30602;
3) reflects the costs associated with the purchase of a security:
Dt 50905 "Costs associated with the purchase and sale of securities"
CT 30102, 20202, 40702, 47422, 30602.
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Siberian Academy of Finance and Banking
Department: Accounting and Audit
Course work
By discipline: Accounting and operational activity in banks
Topic: "Organization and accounting of operations with securities"
Completed:
IPV-51f group
Checked:
.
Novosibirsk, 2008
Content
Introduction
Money, credit and relations associated with their movement occupy a special place in the system of social relations. With their help, individuals and society as a whole become richer. However, unreasonable handling of money, ignoring laws and rules for handling them can lead to negative consequences.With the help of banks, there is an accumulation of temporarily free funds, their movement and productive use in order to increase in the interests of society. Money can really make a society richer if the management of the economic system is based on clear rules, violation of which can stop economic growth and lead to negative results. Banks have a specific purpose and perform certain functions. As enterprises regulating monetary relations, performing various banking operations, banks are subject to the economic laws and legislation of the host country. Banking operations are carried out in accordance with the procedure established by law or tradition.
Banks are able to adapt to the surrounding market situation. They retain their importance in society and the national economy due to their ability to self-regulation. Reacting to the changing needs of the market, adapting to modern life, taking into account new phenomena in the economy and politics, banking practice creates technologies that are used in specific economic conditions, corresponding to certain phases of the economic cycle (especially at the crisis stage).
The operations carried out by credit institutions are usually divided into two groups - active and passive. Through passive operations, credit institutions form monetary resources; active operations are necessary to place accumulated resources in order to generate profit and provide liquidity. Banking professionals are classified as active the following types banking operations: credit (forming the bank's loan portfolio), investment, cash and settlement.
Investment operations of credit institutions are of the greatest interest. These transactions are associated with the investment of monetary resources in securities and real estate, or in the acquisition of rights to joint economic activities. In these operations, the credit institution acts as an investor, that is, it directly participates in the creation of its own profit.
In this course work, this type of banking operations is considered as operations with securities. This one is interesting for me because this section of banking accounting is the most labor-intensive, which is explained by the variety of operations that are carried out by banks in the stock market both on their own behalf and at their own expense, and on behalf of clients as professional participants in the securities market. These are dealer, brokerage, investment, issue and other operations. Banks perform these operations with securities of various types: equity (shares) and debt (bonds, certificates, bills). In many ways, the accounting method for certain securities depends on the status of their issuer - government and non-government (corporate) securities; on the quality of the securities themselves - circulating and not circulating on the organized securities market (ORSB); from the purpose of the acquisition - for resale or for investment, etc.
The organization and accounting of investments in securities and transactions with securities are carried out on the basis of the Federal Law of April 22, 1996 No. No. 39-FZ "On the securities market" and instructions of the Bank of Russia dated November 20, 2001 No. 1054-U. The procedure for recording transactions is set out in Appendix No. 11 to the Bank of Russia regulation on the rules of accounting in credit institutions located in the Russian Federation dated March 26, 2007. No. 302-P. the above normative acts served as a theoretical basis for writing a term paper.
1. Organization of operations with securities in the bank.
1.1. Securities as organizations are the subject of banking operations and transactions: concept, types.
Investment credit operations are associated with the investment of monetary resources in securities and real estate or in the acquisition of rights to joint economic activities. In these operations, the credit institution acts as an investor, that is, it directly participates in the creation of its own profit.It should be noted that during the twentieth century, legal scholars, economists and stock market specialists could not come to an agreement as to whether a credit institution could actually carry out such operations. Representatives of the Anglo-Saxon legal system traditionally believe that the participation of credit institutions in any actions with securities should be limited. The reason for this is the economic crisis of the 30s of the twentieth century, which led to the depreciation of securities and the bankruptcy of many banks. As a result, the Glass-Steagall Act, still in force, was adopted, which prohibited banks "from signing and placing securities (except for government and quasi-government securities) or buying shares at their own expense." The specialists who advocated the adoption of this act proceeded from the fact that the bank's operations with securities significantly increase banking risks, since the bank largely depends on financial stability those business entities whose securities it acquires. Note that in the last decade, the states of the Anglo-Saxon legal system are undergoing legal modernization, during which, among other things, some banks were able to conduct a number of transactions with securities.
Representatives of the Romano-Germanic legal system believe that there is no conflict of interest in the conduct of transactions with securities by a credit institution. The legislation of the states of the continental legal system allows credit institutions to conduct transactions with securities in full.
In addition to the two traditional points of view on the problem of the participation of credit institutions in the stock market, there is also a third one. Russia is a striking representative of the third, transitional, attitude to the admission of banks to transactions with securities. Currently in Russian stock market there are credit organizations and other investment institutions that carry out operations with securities.
In accordance with Art. 78 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, a security is a monetary document certifying the property right or the relationship of the loan of the owner of the document in relation to the person who issued such a document.
The civil law definition of a security is the most general characteristic of this financial and legal institution. Special legislation on banks and banking, the securities market contains a number of essential features that make it possible to more fully disclose the nature and legal essence of a security.
According to these attributes, a security:
- is a document, that is, a material object with information recorded on it in the form of text, sound recording or an image, intended for transmission in time and space for storage and public use (Article 1 of the Federal Law No. 77-FZ of December 29, 1994 (in edition of February 11, 2002) "On the obligatory copy of the documents"). The document, therefore, is an information record, for the content of which the person who compiled it bears. A document is considered authentic if it bears the signature of the person who drew it up;
has a certain form: since each security certifies a transaction and the obligation generated by it, then, from the point of view of the theory of the form of transactions, any security is a verbal or written form of expression and consolidation of the will of the participants in the transaction;
contains the necessary details (name of the security included in the text of the document; name of the issuer and holder of the security; indication of the date and place of issue; signature of the person responsible for the issue of the security), the absence of which, in accordance with clause 2 of Art. 144 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, entails the nullity (invalidity) of the security, presumed regardless of the court decision;
reversible and liquid (standard), that is, it can be converted back into material form in accordance with the current exchange rate, and can also be used in calculations as an equivalent of cash;
possesses the sign of serial production, that is, it is not produced in a single copy, has a specific date and serial number of the issue;
circulation of securities is always limited by time frames;
on securities, income can be received in the form of interest payments in cash or coupon form.
Securities circulating on the modern stock market can be divided into several types: equity, debt, derivatives.
Stock- this is an equity security securing the rights of its owner (shareholder) to receive part of the profit of a joint-stock company in the form of dividends, to participate in the management of the joint-stock company and to a part of the property remaining after its liquidation.
The types of shares are quite diverse: depending on the issuer, there are exchange-traded, corporate, banking shares; depending on the method of exercising the rights of a shareholder - ordinary, convertible, preferred; for investment qualities - high, medium, low quality; depending on the way the movement is reflected - nominal and bearer.
Bond Is an issue-grade security securing the right of its holder to receive a bond from the issuer within the term stipulated by it par value and the percentage of this value or other property equivalent fixed in it. Bonds differ by issuer, purpose of issue, loan terms (short-term, medium-term, long-term, perpetual), methods of registration (registered and bearer) and forms of payment of income (with a fixed or floating rate, with a zero rate - discount or winning loans).
Certificates (deposit)- these are written certificates of credit institutions about the deposit of funds, certifying the depositor's right to receive a deposit. Certificates of deposit differ depending on the depositors (legal entity or individual), forms of payment (non-cash or cash), loan terms and the method of registration of the issue (tear-off spine or registration journal).
There are two types of certificates: on demand, which give the right to withdraw certain amounts upon presentation of a certificate, and urgent ones, which indicate the term for withdrawing the deposit and the amount of interest due. Unlike ordinary savings accounts, the client is not issued a book, but a certificate (certificate), a kind of bank IOU. Funds from such a deposit can be withdrawn before the expiration of the specified period.
Promissory note- this is a written promissory note drawn up in the form established by law and giving its owner the unconditional right to demand, upon the onset of the term specified in the bill, from the person who issued or accepted the obligation, the payment of the amount specified in it. With the help of an endorsement, a bill of exchange can change hands, performing the functions of cash.
A promissory note is drawn up by the borrower (drawer) and contains an obligation to pay the creditor (drawer). A bill of exchange (draft) is issued by the creditor (drawer) and contains an order to the debtor (drawer) to pay the indicated amount to a third party (remitter) or bearer. This bill turns into an unconditional IOU only after its acceptance by the drawee (debtor).
The most liquid are promissory notes that are guaranteed by large banks in the form of aval (surety) or acceptance (consent to payment). Such a bill can be freely traded on the secondary market or used in settlements.
Checks- one of the most common financial instruments used as a means of payment. They are based on a check agreement, which is concluded between the drawer and the bank. To conclude an agreement, the issuer must apply to the commercial bank serving him with an application in the prescribed form, where he indicates the number of checks and the required amount. Based on these data, the limit of one check is determined, which must be presented on the back of each check. The application for the issuance of checks is signed by the head of the enterprise, the chief accountant and certified by the seal.
It should be emphasized that the mechanism of the functioning of a check is close to circulation of bills. Some of the elements reflecting the content and movement of the check are also similar. Apparently, this can explain the fact that Anglo-American legislation made it possible to consider a check as a kind of bill of exchange (draft).
Checks, like bills of exchange, can be transferred into the possession of another person by simple delivery or endorsement. By check, you can get cash or non-cash funds. A check can be drawn on oneself, while, unlike a bill of exchange, consent to payment (acceptance) is not required. At the same time, it cannot be written out by order, since the bank will not pay the check, the signature on which will differ from the sample that it has.
Option- an additional investment instrument and a means of risk management (hedging). Options are of two types - a call option (gives its owner the right to buy a security in the future at a fixed price) and a put option (the right to sell a security at a fixed price).
For the purchase of the option, the buyer pays the seller a premium - the “option price”, which is a small fraction of the price of the security underlying the option.
Futures- an agreement to buy or sell a standard amount of a certain type of securities on a certain date in the future at a price predetermined at the conclusion of the transaction.
The goal of the participants in futures trading is to play on the price difference. By buying a contract, the trader expects to sell it at a higher price.
Depositary Receipts (ADR)- freely tradable receipts for foreign shares deposited with a US bank. Operations with ADRs are carried out instead of operations with securities: the bank keeps shares abroad (in the issuer's country) in one of its branches, and receipts serving as their security are issued and circulated on the American market. The bank receives a premium in the form of a fee for issuing and processing receipts.
Securities have a certain economic content, expressed in:
- liquidity - the ability to sell a security;
negotiability - the ability of a security to be freely traded;
yield - the ability of a security to make a profit in excess of its nominal price.
1.2. Content of transactions of credit institutions with securities
The RF Law "On Banks and Banking Activities" contains a complete list of operations and transactions carried out by credit institutions as professional banking activities. Article 6 of the Law grants credit institutions the right to issue, purchase, sell, record, store and other operations with securities that perform the functions of a payment document, with securities confirming the attraction of funds to deposits and bank accounts, with other securities, operations with which it is not required to obtain a special license in accordance with federal laws. Banks have the right to carry out trust management of these securities under an agreement with individuals and legal entities.In addition, the credit institution has the right to carry out professional activity on the securities market, complying with the requirements of the law. The professional activity of banks in the securities market must be carried out in accordance with federal laws and on the basis of special permits issued by authorized bodies. The Bank of Russia is not entitled to issue licenses to operate in the securities market, with the exception of permits to operate settlement centers and clearing organizations.
Banks of Russia can act as issuers in order to form their own authorized capital, issue their own debt obligations. In an effort to attract customers, they are forced to constantly compete, expanding the range of services and reducing their cost. However, a wide range of services and their relatively low cost will be attractive to clients only if the bank remains stable and reliable. Conducting transactions with securities is always associated with some risk.
Until recently, high incomes allowed a number of Russian banks to increase their own capital, direct funds to the development of the bank, and form a reserve fund, which is the basis of the bank's stable position. The bank cannot direct the entire mass of capital to issue loans, since a situation is possible when a significant part of its depositors decides to withdraw their deposits (contributions). Therefore, in order to fulfill its obligations, the bank is obliged to keep part of the funds either in cash or invested with the possibility of the fastest possible transformation into cash. Thus, investing money in securities allows you to keep the bank's assets liquid.
On the other hand, it is extremely important for a lending institution to ensure the reliability of income. It is known that the risk of capital loss is higher for the most profitable potential investments, therefore, almost every bank takes care of reducing the risk by diversifying investments, entering another market. In world practice, it is customary to limit investments in each type of securities to 10% of the total portfolio value.
In addition, investing temporarily idle funds of a credit institution in securities makes it possible to make income not only stable and relatively reliable, but also long-term. The risks incurred by credit institutions are often associated precisely with the short-term nature of their operations. Investing funds in securities, thus, will allow the credit institution to increase the level of financial stability, as well as to provide large-scale investments in the real sector of the economy.
So, credit institutions, carrying out transactions with securities, pursue the following goals:
- stabilization of income;
ensuring the reliability of profits;
increase in terms of income generation.
All types of banks' operations with securities can be classified according to a number of criteria reflecting both the interest of the bank itself and of its counterparties. Thus, there are four main areas in which a credit institution can carry out operations with securities:
- emission activity;
investment activities;
acting as a professional participant in the securities market;
operations with non-equity securities.
When buying or selling securities in the secondary market at the expense and on behalf of the client, the bank receives a reward from the client for accurate and prompt execution of instructions for the purchase or sale of securities. The amount of remuneration can be increased if the terms of the order agreement are improved.
The bank can organize storage and accounting of securities in its vault or in the vaults of other credit and financial institutions. The bank can also, on behalf of clients, organize multilateral settlements for securities transactions concluded by clients, provide additional services: clearing, lending, insurance and others. At the same time, the bank's interest is to receive the maximum remuneration for servicing clients, including maintaining a depo account and organizing settlements for securities.
Depending on the current situation in the stock market, a bank may enter the market not only to maintain its own investment portfolio of securities, but also to buy and sell securities, based on a long-term assessment of their profitability.
The legislation does not provide for restrictions on the conduct of operations by bank credit institutions in the stock market, which allows, subject to certain conditions, banks to carry out professional activities in the securities market. Thus, banks have the right to carry out brokerage, dealer, depository, settlement and clearing activities, activities to maintain and store the register of shareholders, activities to organize trading in securities.
Brokerage is the execution of civil transactions with securities as an attorney or commission agent acting on the basis of a commission or commission agreement.
Dealer activity is the execution of transactions for the purchase and sale of securities on its own behalf and at its own expense by publicly announcing the purchase and sale prices of certain securities with the obligation to purchase and sell them at announced prices.
Depository activities - provision of services for the storage of securities certificates and / or accounting for the transfer of rights to securities.
Settlement and clearing activities - activities to determine mutual obligations (collection, reconciliation, correction of information on transactions with securities and preparation of accounting documents on them) and their offset for the supply of securities and settlements thereon.
Securities management activities - implementation by a legal entity or an individual entrepreneur on its own behalf for a fee within a certain period of trust management transferred to it in possession and belonging to another person in the interests of this person or third parties indicated by this person: securities; funds intended for investment in securities; cash and securities received in the process of managing securities.
Keeping the register of securities holders - collecting, recording, processing, storing and providing data that make up the system for maintaining the register of securities holders.
Activities for the organization of trade in the securities market - the provision of services that directly contribute to the conclusion of civil transactions with securities between participants in the securities market.
In order for a credit institution to be able to participate in the activities of the securities market, it is necessary to have a special permit - a license. Licensing of professional participants in the securities market is carried out by the Federal Service for Financial Markets (FFMS), the legal successor of the Federal Commission for the Securities Market (FCSM). The licensing procedure is determined by the Resolutions of the Federal Commission for the Securities Market of November 23, 1998 No. 50 and of August 15, 2000 No. 10.
The documents provided by the credit institution are subject to special requirements set forth in the RF Federal Commission for the Securities Market of November 24, 2000 No. IK-02/6293 "Explanations on the preparation of documents provided by credit institutions for obtaining a license of a professional participant in the securities market."
Documents submitted to the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Stock Markets are considered within 30 days, after which a decision is made to issue a license or to refuse to issue a license, about which the credit organization applying for the license is notified in writing. In the event that a decision is made to issue a license, within three days information about this must be posted on the Internet and in the press of the Federal Financial Markets Service. After paying the license fee, the licensing authority issues a permit to carry out professional activities in the securities market. Each type of professional activity in the securities market is subject to licensing. The license for a credit institution that has not previously carried out professional activities in the securities market is valid for three years; the term of validity of the repeated license is not limited.
When carrying out operations with securities as a professional participant in the stock market, a credit institution must comply with the rules for combining professional activities. These rules, established by the Regulation of the Federal Commission for the Securities Market of August 15, 2000 No. 10, relate to the possibility of the simultaneous implementation of one or several types of professional activities in the securities market. Note that in this case, the combination is not the simultaneous implementation of banking activities and the activities of a professional participant in the securities market. According to clause 5 of the said Regulation, the simultaneous implementation of:
- brokerage, dealer, securities management and depository activities;
- clearing and depository activities;
- activities related to the organization of trading on the securities market and clearing activities;
- activities for the organization of trade and depository activities.
Carrying out simultaneously banking activities and professional activities in the securities market, a credit institution assumes the risks associated with the implementation of both types of activities.
Issuing activity of credit institutions
Credit institutions have the right to independently issue securities to raise funds in order to replenish resources or finance investment projects, as well as to form equity capital.
Credit institutions created as an open or closed joint stock company are obliged to issue shares no later than 1 month after full payment the declared authorized capital. To attract borrowed capital, credit organizations that have been carrying out banking activities for 2 years have the right to issue bonds. Credit institutions also have the right to issue options.
Securities are issued in two forms - registered and bearer. By general rule, bearer securities are issued in documentary ("paper") form, registered - in uncertified (electronic) form. The value of shares and bonds must be expressed in rubles.
Shares issued by credit institutions in terms of the amount of rights granted to owners can be privileged and simple (or ordinary). Ordinary shares, regardless of the serial number and time of issue, have the same par value and provide their holders with the same amount of rights. Preferred shares give their owners the right to receive priority dividends and property in the event of bankruptcy of the issuing credit institution.
The par value of the placed preferred shares must not exceed 25% of the registered authorized capital of the credit institution. The possibility of issuing one or several types of preferred shares, the size of the dividend and (or) the liquidation value for each of them, the scope of rights granted by them are determined by the charter of the credit institution. Preference shares of the same type provide their holders with the same scope of rights and have the same par value.
Bonds can be issued only after full payment of the authorized capital. They can be secured by a pledge of their own property or property of third parties. The provision of collateral by third parties when issuing bonds by credit institutions is required if the credit institution has existed for less than two years (for the entire amount of the bond issue), or if the bonds are issued for an amount exceeding the amount of the authorized capital (the amount of collateral must not be less than the amount of excess of the amount of the authorized capital) ... Credit institutions may issue bonds without collateral upon the expiration of two years from the date of registration, subject to the proper approval by that time of two annual balances and for an amount not exceeding the size of the authorized capital of the credit institution.
In addition, bonds can be interest rate and discount; convertible into shares; with a one-time maturity (zero coupon) or with a series of maturity at a specific date.
The objectives of the issuing activity are different: to generate income to replenish the bank's assets; financing of investment projects; when creating a credit institution - to form the authorized capital; to increase or decrease the size of the authorized capital.
When issuing shares when creating credit organizations, a bank created in the form of an open or closed joint-stock company forms its authorized capital from the par value of shares acquired by shareholders. The charter of a credit institution must necessarily determine the number and par value of shares acquired by shareholders, and the rights granted to owners of founders' shares. In addition, the Charter may determine the number, par value, categories (types) of shares that the credit institution is entitled to place in addition to the placed shares (declared shares). In the absence of these provisions in the charter of a credit institution, it is not entitled to place additional shares.
The procedure for issuing securities by credit institutions is established by Federal Law No. 39-FZ of April 22, 1996 (as amended on July 28, 2004) "On the Securities Market" and Bank of Russia Instruction No. 102-I of July 22, 2002 "On the Rules for Issue and registration of securities by credit institutions on the territory of the Russian Federation "(as amended by the Directive of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated June 3, 2003 No. 1288-U.
The issue of securities is carried out in five stages:
- making a decision on the placement of securities. The decision to issue securities is made by the body of the credit institution that has the appropriate powers in accordance with the current legislation and the charter of the credit institution.
approval of the decision on the issue (additional issue) of securities. The Board of Directors approves the adopted decision on the issue or additional issue of securities on the basis of the decision on their placement.
state registration of the issue (additional issue) of securities. To register the issue of its securities, a credit institution - the issuer submits an application for registration together with a copy of the decision on the issue of securities, a sample certificate of a security (in a documentary form of issue), an issue prospectus (in this case, the issue project must also be registered), a copy of the payment order on the payment of tax on transactions with securities. The registration authority reviews and verifies the accuracy of the information provided, assesses the compliance of documents with legislation.
The state registration of the issue (additional issue) of securities of the credit institution - the issuer is accompanied by the registration of the chain securities prospectus in the case of placement of securities by open subscription or by closed subscription among a circle of persons, the number of which exceeds 500.
In the event that the state registration of an issue (additional issue) of securities of a credit institution - issuer is accompanied by registration of a securities prospectus, each stage of the procedure for the issue of securities of a credit institution - issuer is accompanied by information disclosure (publication of information in print media, the total circulation of which is at least 50,000 copies).
The securities prospectus is approved by the board of directors (supervisory board) of the issuing credit institution and contains information on the financial position of the credit institution and the forthcoming issue of securities.
- Placement of securities.
- The placement of shares can be carried out by:
- open or closed subscription (conclusion of purchase and sale agreements by the issuing credit institution for a specified number of shares). In this case, the credit institution - the issuer can use the services of intermediaries (brokers) acting on the basis of commission agreements or instructions with the credit institution - the issuer;
distribution of shares among shareholders with an increase in the authorized capital of the issuing credit institution by issuing additional shares;
converting previously issued securities into shares in accordance with the terms of their issue and the legislation of the Russian Federation.
- subscriptions (conclusion of purchase and sale agreements by the issuing credit institution with buyers for a specified number of bonds, subject to full payment for these bonds). In this case, the credit institution - the issuer can use the services of intermediaries (brokers) acting on the basis of commission agreements or instructions with the credit institution - the issuer;
converting convertible bonds previously issued by the credit institution into bonds in accordance with the terms of their issue and the legislation of the Russian Federation.
- State registration of the report on the results of the issue (additional issue) of securities
The report on the first issue of shares upon the establishment of a credit organization - issuer is submitted to the registering authority simultaneously with the submission of documents for obtaining a license to carry out banking operations. The period for consideration by the registering authority of the report on the results of the issue cannot exceed two weeks.
After receiving from the relevant department of the Bank of Russia an opinion confirming the legality of payment of the authorized capital of the credit institution, and in the absence of claims related to the issue of securities of the credit institution, the registering authority registers a report on the results of the issue.
After the registration of the report on the results of the issue of securities, the issuing credit institution publishes the results of the issue in the print media, in which the announcement of the issue was previously published, indicating the data that the credit institution considers appropriate to bring to the notice of the public. In addition, information is published on where stakeholders can view the full release report.
Transactions with non-equity securities
Credit institutions have the right to issue securities of various types, including non-equity securities.
Non-equity securities - securities issued in series or on a one-time basis, which represent a written certificate of the issuing bank on the deposit of funds, certifying the depositor's right to receive the deposit (deposit) amount and interest on it after the expiration of the established period. Non-emission securities are certificates of deposit and savings, the issuance procedure of which is regulated by the Letter No. 14-3-20 of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of February 10, 1992, approved by the Regulation “On Savings and Deposit Certificates of Credit Institutions”.
Savings certificates are intended for sale to individuals, and therefore, in order to obtain the right to issue them, a credit institution must carry out banking activities for at least 2 years, comply with banking legislation, and also have a reserve fund in the amount of at least 15% of the amount actually paid authorized capital. Certificates of deposit are distributed among legal entities, and therefore the requirement for banking experience does not apply to their issuance.
Certificates can be registered and bearer. Both types - deposit and savings - are issued in rubles; issuance of certificates in foreign currency is prohibited. Certificates are term securities: the maximum circulation period for certificates of deposit is 1 year, for savings certificates - 3 years. The certificate is a profitable security, therefore it cannot serve as a means of payment or payment.
A credit institution must register the issue of certificates with the Bank of Russia. One of the departments of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation - the Department for Control over the Activities of Credit Institutions in Financial Markets - enters information on the issue of securities into the Register of conditions for the issuance and circulation of savings and deposit certificates.
The placement of non-equity securities is carried out among the clients of the credit institution. With the onset of the date of claiming the deposit or deposit, the credit institution makes a payment against the presentation of the certificate and the statement of the owner, indicating the account to which the funds are to be credited. Funds from the redemption of the certificate of deposit can be sent at the request of the owner to his correspondent or settlement (current) account.
In addition to savings and certificates of deposit, a credit institution has the right to issue its own bills. When issuing (issuing) their own bills and conducting other transactions with bills of exchange, banks must be guided by the Law of the Russian Federation "On bills of exchange and promissory notes" and other regulations of the Russian Federation. Conducting transactions with promissory notes, a credit institution not only accumulates a significant number of promissory notes, but also - with proper accounting operations - forms a promissory note portfolio, which is a reliable protection of its asset.
Note that the issue bank bills is not connected with the payment of the authorized capital of the credit institution (as in the case of the issue of shares), nor with the intention to receive additional borrowed funds (as in the case of the issue of bonds). A bank bill is issued by the issuing bank to a person who deposited a certain amount of money in it to receive income (interest on the amount placed). Bank bills are issued to attract additional funds by the credit institution; also bank bills can be used as a means of payment.
A credit institution's operations with bills of exchange are initiated by the client receiving a bill of exchange credit, which can exist in two forms - bearer and bill issuer.
A bearer bill of exchange is opened to account for bills of exchange transferred by customers of a credit institution - in fact, bank customers provide their counterparties with a deferred payment, drawn up by a bill, and transfer these bills for accounting to their bank.
A bill issuer loan is opened for clients who themselves receive a deferred payment from their counterparties for this loan to pay for goods, works and services. The counterparties of such clients submit bills of exchange to the bank, which sends them for accounting to the drawer's bank at the expense of the loan opened by the drawer.
In addition to directly issuing bills of exchange, credit organizations can carry out instructions from bill holders to receive payments on bills on time. Banks take responsibility for presenting promissory notes to the payer on time and receiving payments due on them. If payment is received, the bill will be returned to the debtor; if the payment is not received, the bill will be returned to the creditor with a protest. In this case, the credit institution will be liable for the consequences arising from the omission of the protest.
Investment activity of a credit institution
Investment activity of credit institutions is one of the types of active banking operations.
Investment activity - operations on the investment of temporarily free funds (own or borrowed) in securities in order to obtain profit or other positive effect. Banks have the right to carry out investment operations in the securities market and purchase securities of other issuers.
The investment activity of banks consists of:
- formation of the financial resources necessary for the issuer by placing its own securities or securities issued by other economic entities;
redistribution of accumulated resources through the sale and purchase of securities in the secondary market.
The investment activities of banks can be carried out both at the expense of their own and at the expense of borrowed funds, therefore the investment activities of banks in the securities market are associated with significant risk and are prohibited for credit institutions in some states. In Russia, there is no legal prohibition on the implementation of such operations by banks, however, credit institutions are significantly limited in their ability to make investments.
On the one hand, a credit institution, whose attracted funds include funds of depositors - individuals, is not entitled to act as an investment institution for non-government securities. The investment portfolio of a credit institution is formed only at the expense of highly liquid securities of large corporations and the state in order to minimize possible risks.
On the other hand, a credit institution cannot simultaneously be an investment fund. The purpose of an investment fund is to issue shares to attract investors' funds and invest them on behalf of the fund in securities, as well as in bank accounts and deposits. The activity of an investment fund implies that all risks associated with such investments, income and losses from changes in the market valuation of these investments are fully attributed to the owners (shareholders) of the fund. However, there is an exception - a credit institution can combine the activities of an investment company and a financial broker; a condition for combining these types of activities is the performance of the functions of a broker by the credit institution through the stock exchange.
Investment strategies of credit institutions are different, but most credit institutions are focused on investing in the trade sector and operations on the domestic stock market. Experts note that the integration rate of banking and industrial capital in Russia is not very high. The reasons for this are the divergent interests and the lack of effective mechanisms for interaction between the capitals of credit institutions and industrial enterprises, an imperfect system of insurance of credit and investment risks, and the presence of gaps in banking legislation. At the moment, it is not profitable for most credit institutions to make investments - the refinancing rate is too high, and the creditworthiness of commercial banks does not allow them to put money into significant projects.
2. Accounting for transactions with securities.
2.1. Reflection of investments in securities on accounting accounts
Securities, the current (fair) value of which can be reliably measured, classified at initial recognition as measured at fair value through profit or loss, including those acquired for the purpose of selling in the short term (held for trading), are recorded on balance sheet accounts:No. 501 "Debt liabilities at fair value through profit or loss"
No. 506 "Equity securities at fair value through profit or loss".
If a credit institution exercises control over the management of a joint-stock company or has a significant impact on the activities of a joint-stock company, then the shares of such joint-stock companies are recorded on balance sheet account No. 601 "Participation in subsidiary and dependent joint-stock companies".
Debt liabilities that the credit institution intends to hold to maturity (regardless of the period between the acquisition date and the maturity date) are accounted for in balance sheet account No. 503 "Debt liabilities held to maturity".
Debt obligations are credited to the specified account at the time of purchase. Debt obligations that have not been repaid on time are transferred to the account for accounting for debentures that have not been repaid on time.
The credit institution has the right to reclassify debt obligations of the “available for sale” category into the category of “held to maturity” with transfer to the corresponding balance sheet accounts and referring the revaluation amounts to income or expenses (according to the corresponding symbols of operating income from transactions with purchased securities or operating expenses on operations with purchased securities).
Transfer from account No. 501 “Debt liabilities at fair value through profit or loss”, as well as recognition of disposal (sale) transactions, other than repayment at the specified time, are not allowed.
In the event of a change in intentions or possibilities, the credit institution has the right to reclassify the “held-to-maturity” debt liabilities to the “available-for-sale” category with transfer to the corresponding balance sheet accounts if the following conditions are met:
a) as a result of an event that occurred for reasons beyond the control of the credit institution (was of an extraordinary nature and could not be reasonably anticipated by the credit institution);
b) for the purpose of sale less than 3 months before maturity;
c) in order to sell in a volume that is insignificant in relation to the total value of "held-to-maturity" debt obligations. The criteria of materiality (significance of the volume) are approved in the accounting policy of the credit institution.
If any of the above conditions are not met, the credit institution is obliged to reclassify all debt securities held to maturity into the category "available for sale" with transfer to the corresponding second-order balance sheet accounts and the prohibition to form the category "debt securities held to maturity" within 2 years following the year of such reclassification.
Securities that, upon acquisition, are not identified in the above categories, are accounted for as "available for sale" with crediting to the balance sheet accounts:
No. 502 "Debt securities available for sale"
No. 507 "Equity securities available for sale".
Securities classified as "available for sale" upon acquisition cannot be reclassified and are not subject to transfer to other balance sheet accounts of the first order, except for transfer to the account for accounting for debt obligations not repaid on time, if the issuer does not repaid debt obligations within the specified period and in cases of reclassification of debt obligations to the held-to-maturity category.
Held-to-maturity and outstanding debt are not revalued. For investments in these securities, reserves for possible losses are formed.
Allowances for potential losses are formed for available-for-sale securities if it is impossible to reliably determine their current (fair) value and there are any signs of their impairment.
Provisions for potential losses are not created for securities at fair value through profit or loss.
The procedure for conducting analytical accounting on accounts for accounting for investments in securities is determined by the credit institution.
At the same time, for equity securities and securities that have an international security identification code (ISIN), analytical accounting should ensure that information is obtained in accordance with the chosen method for assessing the value of retired (sold) securities in terms of issues.
For securities not related to equity, or securities that do not have an international security identification code (ISIN), analytical accounting should provide information on each security or lot of securities.
2.2. Accounting for transactions on the purchase and disposal of securities
The date of transactions for the purchase and disposal of securities is the date of transfer of rights to the security, determined in accordance with Article 29 of the Federal Law "On the Securities Market" or the terms of the agreement (transaction), if provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.In accounting, these operations are reflected on the day of receipt of the primary documents confirming the transfer of rights to the security, or on the day of the fulfillment of the terms of the agreement (transaction) that determine the transfer of rights.
If the date of transfer of rights and the date of settlements stipulated by the agreement (transaction) does not coincide with the date of conclusion of the agreement (transaction) for the purchase and disposal of securities, the claims and obligations are reflected in the accounts for accounting for cash and urgent transactions, Chapter D "Derivatives Transactions" of the Chart of Accounts in Credit organizations and are subject to transfer to balance sheet accounts in accordance with clause 7.2 of this Procedure.
Transactions under agreements (transactions), under which the transfer of rights or settlements are carried out on the date of the conclusion of the agreement (transaction), are subject to reflection on balance sheet accounts No. 47407, 47408 "Settlements on conversion transactions and forward transactions" (off-balance sheet accounting is not kept in this case).
Operations under agreements (deals) with securities, made on organized markets, in which this credit institution is a professional participant, are reflected on balance sheet accounts No. 47403, 47404 "Settlements with foreign exchange and stock exchanges"in accordance with Chapter 6 of this Procedure.
Transactions on the purchase and disposal of securities, performed through intermediaries, upon receipt of primary documents confirming the transfer of rights to securities, are reflected in correspondence with balance sheet account No. 30602 assets ".
If the counterparty (intermediary) fails to fulfill the terms of the agreement (transaction) within the specified time period, the amount of unfulfilled claims by the counterparty at the end of the business day shall be transferred to the accounts for recording overdue debt (client or interbank) as overdue debt on other placed funds.
The amount of the credit institution's obligations that were not fulfilled for any reason within the period specified in the terms of the agreement (transaction) shall be transferred at the end of the operating day to the accounts for recording unfulfilled obligations under agreements to attract customer funds or overdue interbank debt as overdue debt on other borrowed funds.
Analytical accounting of investments in securities is carried out on personal accounts opened on the corresponding balance sheet accounts of the second order with the denomination currency code (liabilities).
If securities are purchased for a currency other than the nominal currency (liability), then their value is determined at the official rate at the date of acquisition or at a cross rate based on the official rates established for the respective currencies.
The accrued and received interest income on debt obligations is accounted for in the following order.
In accordance with clause 1.6 of the Rules, the value of debt obligations is changed by the amount of interest income accrued before their disposal, taking into account the amounts included in the purchase price.
Accounting for the accrued interest (coupon) income (hereinafter - PKD) is maintained on a separate (separate) personal (personal) account (accounts) "PKD accrued", opened on the corresponding balance accounts of the second order with the currency code in which interest is paid (coupon is redeemed ).
On the last business day of the month, the entire PKD calculated for the past month or for the period from the date of purchase or from the start date of the next interest (coupon) period (including for the remaining non-business days if the last business day of the month does not coincide with its end).
When debt obligations are retired (sold) in the accounting records, the PKD calculated for the period from the above dates to the date of disposal (sale) inclusive is subject to reflection.
If debt obligations are purchased at a price below their par value, then the difference between the par value and the purchase price (discount amount) is accrued over the period of their circulation evenly, as far as the income due on them in accordance with the terms of the issue of income.
Accounting for the accrued discount is maintained on a separate (separate) personal (personal) account (accounts) "Accrued discount", opened on the corresponding second-order balance accounts with the currency code of the par value (obligation) of the security.
On the last business day of the month, the entire discount accrued for the past month or for the period from the date of purchase (including for the remaining non-business days if the last business day of the month does not coincide with its end) is subject to reflection in the accounting records.
Upon disposal (sale) of debt obligations, the accounting shall reflect the discount calculated for the period from the above dates to the date of disposal (sale) inclusive.
Accrued PKD and discount on securities are recognized as interest income with reflection on the corresponding symbols of the profit and loss statement in the following order:
a) upon payment by the issuer - on the date the issuer fulfills its obligations to pay them;
b) in all other cases - on the date of transfer of rights to securities, determined in accordance with clause 3.1 of Rules 302-P;
c) for securities for which there is no uncertainty about the receipt of income, on the last business day of the month, the PKD and discount accrued for the past month or additionally accrued from the beginning of the month on the date of payment stipulated by the terms of the issue of the corresponding debt obligation are subject to income.
When the issuer pays income on circulating debt obligations (including in the form of partial redemption of the par value), the value of the debt obligations is reduced by the amount of interest income included in the purchase price.
Transactions related to the disposal (sale) and redemption of securities and the determination of the financial result are reflected in the balance sheet account No. 61210 "Disposal (sale) of securities".
The financial result upon disposal of a security is determined as the difference between the value of the security (for securities "available for sale", taking into account revaluation) and the redemption price or the price of disposal (sale) determined by the agreement.
The credit institution's accounting policy must define one of the following methods for assessing the value of retired (sold) equity securities and (or) securities bearing an international security identification code (ISIN):
- at the average cost of securities;
- FIFO method.
The value of securities that do not belong to equity securities or do not have an international security identification code (ISIN) is determined for each security or lot of securities.
As of the date of disposal of a security, the credit of the account of disposal (sale) reflects the amount received for redemption of the security, or the value of the security at the disposal (sale) price determined by the agreement.
The debit of the disposal (sale) account is written off the value of the security (for securities "available for sale" with revaluation taken into account).
On the same day financial results to be credited to the accounts for the accounting of income or expenses.
Upon redemption of a security, the date of retirement is the day when the issuer fulfills its obligations to redeem the security.
In all other cases, the date of disposal is the date of transfer of rights to the security, determined in accordance with clause 3.1 of this Procedure.
The costs associated with the acquisition and disposal (sale) of securities include:
costs of paying for the services of specialized organizations and other persons for consulting, information and registration services;
fees paid to intermediaries;
remuneration paid to organizations that ensure the conclusion and execution of transactions.
If the costs associated with the acquisition and disposal (sale) of securities are incurred in a currency other than the nominal currency (liability), then such costs are translated into the nominal currency (liability) at the official exchange rate at the date of acquisition and disposal (sale) or at a cross rate based on the official rates established for the respective currencies.
In case of insignificance of the amount of costs (except for the amounts paid in accordance with the agreement to the seller) for the purchase of securities in comparison with the amount paid in accordance with the agreement to the seller, the credit institution has the right to recognize such costs as operating expenses in the month in which they were accepted for accounting. accounting for the specified securities.
Materiality criteria are determined by the credit institution and established in the accounting policy.
Consulting, informational or other services accepted by the credit institution for payment prior to the acquisition of securities are recorded on balance sheet account No. 50905 "Preliminary costs for purchasing securities" in correspondence with accounts for accounting for cash or liabilities of the credit institution for other transactions.
At the date of purchase of securities, the value of preliminary costs is transferred to the balance sheet accounts for accounting for investments in the corresponding securities.
If the credit institution does not subsequently make a decision on the purchase of securities, the cost of preliminary costs is charged to expenses as of the date of the decision not to purchase securities.
Accounting for preliminary costs associated with the purchase of securities is kept on balance sheet account No. 50905 "Preliminary costs for the purchase of securities" in the currency of settlements with the counterparty.
If the issuer fails to fulfill its obligations to repay a debt obligation in due time, its value is transferred to account N 50505 "Debt obligations not repaid on time".
2.3. Securities accounting
When purchasing a security, the cost of the security and the recognized significant costs associated with its acquisition are reflected in the accounting record:Debit - the corresponding balance sheet accounts of the second order for accounting for investments in securities
Credit - accounts for cash accounting, No. 47407, 47408, 30602, and in terms of the costs associated with the acquisition, also No. 47422, 50905.
The accrual of PKD on debt obligations is reflected in the accounting entry:
Debit - of the personal account "PKD accrued" of the corresponding balance sheet accounts of the second order for accounting for investments in debt obligations
The presence or absence of uncertainty in the receipt of income is recognized in accordance with Appendix 3 to these Rules.
The accrual of a discount on debt obligations is reflected in the accounting entry:
Debit - of the personal account "Discount accrued" of the corresponding balance accounts of the second order for accounting for investments in debt obligations
Credit - accounts No. 50407 (in the presence of uncertainty in the recognition of income) or income accounts (in the absence of uncertainty in the receipt of income).
The presence or absence of uncertainty in the receipt of income is recognized in accordance with Appendix 3 to these Rules.
Interest payments (coupon redemption) on outstanding debt obligations are reflected in the accounting records:
Debit - accounts for accounting of funds, N 30602 - for the full amount paid by the issuer
Credit - the corresponding second-order balance sheet account for accounting for investments in debt obligations:
- personal account "PKD accrued" - for the amount of PKD accrued in accordance with clause 4.2 of rules 302-P,
personal account of the issue (of a separate security or lot) - for the amount included in the purchase price.
Debit - account number 50407
Credit - income accounts.
Partial redemption of the par value on outstanding debt obligations is reflected in the accounting records:
Debit - accounts for accounting of funds, No. 30602 - in the amount partial repayment paid by the issuer
etc.................
7. Accounting for bank operations with securities
7.1. Bank operations with securities: economic essence, classification, accounting tasks
In accordance with Art. 143 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Belarus security is a monetary document certifying property
rights, the exercise or transfer of which is possible only upon its presentation or if the confirmation of these rights in a special register is proved. In order to become a security as such, a financial instrument must be defined by the state as a security. A security is a form of existence of capital, different from its commodity, productive and monetary forms, which can be transferred in its place, circulate in the market as a commodity and generate income. The essence of this form is that the owner of the capital does not have the capital itself, but has all the rights to it, which are fixed in the form of a security.
According to Art. 144 of the Civil Code, securities include: government bonds, bonds, bills of exchange, checks, certificates of deposit and savings certificates, bank bearer passbooks, bills of lading, shares, privatization securities and other documents that are duly classified as securities.
Since securities such as checks, bearer savings books and bills of lading do not turn gay on the market like stocks, bonds or bills of exchange, they have their own specifics, which is associated with the procedure for their circulation and the conditions of creation, and the procedure for their accounting is regulated by other regulatory documents, we will not consider them in the framework of this topic.
To get an initial idea of the differences between securities, consider the following definitions.
Bond - a security confirming the obligation of the issuer to reimburse the owner of the security for its par value on time, with or without payment of a certain income. This debt certificate necessarily includes two main elements:
the obligation of the issuer to return the bondholder upon the expiry of the agreed period of the par value,
the obligation of the issuer to pay the bondholder a fixed income as a percentage of the par value.
In the case of a bond issue with a discount from par (discount), the fixed income is this discount, since the bond is redeemed only at par. Bonds have par and market value. nominal value in the case of a bond issue on paper, it is printed on the front side and indicates the amount that is borrowed and is subject to return upon expiration of the bond loan. It is the base value for calculating bond yield. In the period between issue and redemption, bonds circulate on the secondary market, where purchase and sale transactions are carried out already at market prices.
Stock- a single contribution to the authorized capital of a joint-stock company and certifying the rights of its owner to participate in the management of this
the company, receiving part of its profit in the form of dividends and part of the property remaining after settlement with creditors, or its value in the event of liquidation of the joint-stock company. Shares can be issued both in documentary(paper) form and in the form ofcurrent account entries(uncertified). Shares can be issued in two categories: ordinary and preferred. Holders of ordinary shares have the right to receive part of the profit of the joint-stock company in the form of dividends, as well as the right to vote for general meeting shareholders, and the owners of privileged ones - basically only to receive part of the profit in the form of fixed dividends and only in exceptional cases - the right to vote at the general meeting of shareholders.
The main difference between a bond and a share is the following: the investor - the owner of the share becomes one of the owners of the issuer, the investor - the owner of the bond - becomes its creditor. In addition, unlike shares, bonds have a specific circulation period, after which they are redeemed. Bonds also have an advantage over shares in realizing the property rights of their owners: first of all, interest on bonds is paid, and only then dividends.
Bank certificate- freely circulating certificate of a deposit in a bank with the bank's obligation to pay this deposit and interest on it within a specified period. In accordance with the Banking Code of the Republic of Belarus, bank certificates are subdivided into deposit and savings. The holder of a savings certificate is an individual, and a certificate of deposit is a legal entity.
Instructions for the issue and circulation of deposit and savingscertificates dated December 27, 2006 No. 219 (with amendments and additions) establishes that certificates can only be registered, issued only in documentary form and only in Belarusian rubles. In addition, they must be urgent (issuance of certificates on demand not allowed). The term of circulation and the percentage rate of the certificate are set by the issuer when it is issued and cannot be changed during the entire period of circulation of the certificate.
Promissory note- a written monetary obligation of the debtor to repay the debt, the form and circulation of which is regulated by special legislation - bill of exchange.
Bills of exchange are divided into two types: simple and transferable. In turn, common and bills of exchange are divided into interest and discount. Aboutcent bills- these are bills, on the bill amount of which interest is charged. Discount bills - these are bills that are written out or sold at a discount - a discount by which the amount of a bill is reduced when it is transferred or sold.
According to the method of issue and registration of the issue, securities are subdivided into emission and non-emission.
Equity securities are issued in separate series, within which all securities have exactly the same characteristics (nominal value, maturity, etc.). These include stocks and bonds. So, shares of one issuer, regardless of the issue date, provide their owners with the same rights, have the same par value, and are issued for the entire period of existence of the joint-stock company.
Non-equity securities have an individual release character. These include almost all securities, with the exception of stocks and bonds. The most typical of them in the Republic of Belarus are bills of exchange and bank certificates. So, bank certificates, forms which are registered in The National Bank of the Republic of Belarus, by assigning them identification numbers, can be issued by banks for any period and amount.
By functional purpose, there are:
equity securities- expresses the co-ownership relationship and empowers their owners equity participation both in the ownership and in the profit of the issuer. Equity securities include shares;
debt securities- express the ratio of the loan and represent debt obligations that guarantee their owners a return of funds at a specified time and with an agreed rate of return. These include bonds, bills of exchange, bank certificates.
Based on the organizational and legal affiliation of the issuer, the following are distinguished:
government securities. They are issued on behalf of the government, which bears full responsibility for them with the property of the state. In the Republic of Belarus, short-term and long-term government bonds, government savings loan bonds, government bills are issued. Personalized privatization checks "Property" and checks "Housing" are also government securities;
municipal securities are issued on behalf of local authorities management and are provided with the property of municipal property;
private (corporate) securities are issued by other issuers.
By maturity, securities can be short-term, medium-term, long-term and perpetual.
The classification of banking operations with securities can be carried out according to the criteria traditional for all banking operations:
passive operations with securities (operations with certificates of deposit and savings certificates, bonds issued by the bank, as well as with shares in the formation and replenishment of the authorized fund of the bank);
active operations with securities (placement of bank resources for the purpose of purchasing securities);
intermediary operations with securities (various operations carried out by the bank with securities on behalf of and on behalf of clients, as well as operations at the expense of its own funds).
The purpose accounting for a bank's securities transactions is the formation of information necessary for managing a portfolio of securities, for monitoring its structure in the reporting period, as well as for making managerial decisions to increase the profitability of transactions with securities and for drawing up accounting (financial) statements.
In accordance with the set goal, the accounting of transactions with securities is subject to the following tasks:
correct classification of securities by category;
correct use of accounting methods for securities, depending on the purpose of their acquisition,
using correct approaches to determining the fair value of a security;
control over the timely revaluation of securities in connection with changes in their fair value;
control over the correctness and completeness of the creation of reserves and the formation of the financial result.
Securities are monetary documents of two types: equity securities and debt securities.
Equity securities- these are shares, meaning the share of the contribution of a legal entity or an individual in the total volume of created capital.
Debt securities- government debt obligations (bonds), certificates of deposit, bills.
Transactions with securities are performed in accordance with the current legislation and regulations of the Bank of Russia.
Issuing operations of a commercial bank must be carried out in accordance with the standards for the issue of securities and registration of securities prospectuses approved by the Resolution of the Federal Commission for the Securities Market dated June 18, 2003 No. 03-30 / ps "On standards for the emission of securities and registration of securities prospectuses. "As amended on December 17, 2003
These standards regulate the issue of shares, bonds and options of the issuer of legal entities, as well as the procedure for registering prospectuses of these securities. However, the standards do not apply to the issue of government and municipal securities, as well as the issue of bonds of the Bank of Russia.
The procedure for issuing securities of the issuer includes the following stages:
- making a decision that is the basis for the placement of securities;
- approval of the decision on the issue (additional issue) of securities;
- state registration of the issue (additional issue) of securities;
- placement of securities;
- state registration of the report on the results of the issue (additional issue) of securities.
State registration of issues (additional issues) of securities is carried out by the federal commission or other registering body determined by federal law. The placement of securities is carried out within the period specified in the registered decision on the issue (additional issue) of securities, which cannot exceed one year from the date of state registration of the issue (additional issue) of securities.
Not later than 30 days after the end of the period for the placement of securities specified in the registered decision on the issue (additional issue) of securities, and if all securities were placed before the expiration of this period - not later than 30 days after the placement of the last security of this issue ( additional issue), the issuer submits to the registering authority a report on the results of the issue (additional issue) of securities.
The procedure for registration and the specifics of issuing securities by credit institutions are established by Instruction No. 102-I of July 22, 2002 "On the Rules for the Issue and Registration of Securities by Credit Institutions on the Territory of the Russian Federation" No. 1288-U).
In accordance with this instruction, the issues of securities of credit institutions are subject to state registration with the registration authorities. The registration authorities are the Department of Licensing Activities and financial recovery credit institutions of the Bank of Russia and regional offices of the Bank of Russia.
A credit institution can issue registered and bearer securities. Registered securities of a credit institution may be issued only in non-documentary form, with the exception of cases stipulated by federal laws. Bearer securities of a credit institution may be issued only in documentary form.
The issuance of shares by credit institutions is carried out in the following order.
A credit institution created in the form of a joint stock company forms its authorized capital from the par value of shares acquired by shareholders.
Credit institutions-issuers are entitled to issue only registered shares.
A new issue of shares can be carried out only after the shareholders have paid in full for all the shares previously placed by the credit institution. The decision on the next issue of shares can be made only after the registration of changes made to the charter of a credit institution based on the results of the previous issue regarding the new size of the authorized capital and the number of placed and authorized shares.
Ordinary shares, regardless of the serial number and time of issue, must have the same par value and provide their holders with the same amount of rights.
The par value of the placed preferred shares must not exceed 25% of the registered authorized capital of the credit institution. The possibility of issuing one or several types of preferred shares, the size of the dividend and (or) the liquidation value for each of them, the scope of rights granted by them are determined by the charter of the credit institution. Preference shares of the same type provide their owners with the same scope of rights and have the same par value.
A credit institution acting in the form of a joint stock company is entitled to place additional shares by subscription and conversion. A credit institution - a closed joint stock company - is not entitled to conduct an offering of shares by means of an open subscription or otherwise offer them for purchase to an unlimited number of persons.
Credit organizations can issue bonds only after full payment of the authorized capital. The par value of all bonds issued by a credit institution must not exceed the size of the authorized capital or the amount of security provided to the credit institution by third parties for the purpose of issuing bonds.
A commercial bank can issue the following types of bonds:
- registered and bearer;
- secured by a pledge of their own property or bonds secured by a credit institution for the purpose of issuance by third parties, as well as unsecured bonds;
- interest and discount;
- convertible into shares;
- with a one-time maturity or bonds with maturity by series at specific dates.
The issuance of options by a credit institution is carried out in accordance with the following requirements.
The option of the issuing credit institution is a registered security.
The issuing credit institution is not entitled to place options of the issuing credit institution if the number of authorized shares is less than the number of shares, the right to purchase of which is granted by such options. The number of shares of a certain category (type), the right to purchase of which is granted by the options of the issuing credit institution, cannot exceed 5% of the shares of this category (type) placed on the date of submission of documents for state registration of the issue of options of the issuing credit institution.
Issuing operations of a credit institution include operations to sell shares and bonds issued for the purpose of raising funds and increasing capital.
The sale of equity securities can be carried out in two ways:
- by paying for shares in cash when creating a credit institution;
- by paying for shares with tangible assets.
Investments in securities in accounting accounts are reflected in accordance with the principles specified in Regulation No. 205-P "On the rules of accounting in credit institutions located on the territory of the Russian Federation", approved by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on December 5, 2002, as amended by March 24, 2004
Securities are classified into quoted and non-quoted securities.
Quoted securities are securities that meet the following conditions:
- admission to circulation on an open organized market or through a trade organizer on the securities market (including foreign open organized markets or trade organizers), which has the appropriate license from the Federal Commission for the Securities Market, and for foreign organized markets or trade organizers - a national authorized body;
- turnover for the last calendar month on the above organized open market or through a trade organizer is not less than the average amount of transactions per month, which, in accordance with regulations The Federal Commission for the Securities Market is set to include securities on the first level quotation list;
- market price information is publicly available, i.e. is subject to disclosure in accordance with Russian and foreign legislation on the securities market, or access to it does not require the user to have special rights.
Unquoted securities any securities that do not meet the above conditions are recognized.
The acquired securities are reflected in the balance sheet accounts of the section "Operations with securities" in the following order:
1. Quoted securities purchased for the purpose of generating income from their sale (resale), as well as securities that are not intended for storage by the holder for more than 180 days and can be sold. Such securities constitute a trading portfolio and are accounted for on balance sheet accounts No. 501 “Debts purchased for resale and under loan agreements”, No. 506 “Shares acquired for resale and under loan agreements”.
The trading portfolio includes securities that meet the following requirements:
a) quoted securities purchased for the purpose of their resale within 180 calendar days inclusive. These securities are accounted for by groups of issuing entities on second order balance accounts No. 50104 - 50110, 50605 - 50608. Analytical accounting is kept in the context of securities issues;
b) quoted and unquoted securities purchased under agreements providing for the possibility of their resale within 180 calendar days inclusive. These securities are accounted for on balance sheet accounts of the second order No. 50113 and No. 50611 (regardless of the issuer). Analytical accounting is kept in the context of each contract;
c) quoted and unquoted securities purchased under loan agreements (regardless of the term of the agreement and the issuer) are accounted for on second order balance accounts No. 50115, 50613. Analytical accounting is maintained in the context of each agreement.
2. Securities purchased for the purpose of obtaining investment income form investment portfolio.
Securities purchased with a view to holding them for more than 180 calendar days are also included in the investment portfolio.
Unquoted securities are accepted for accounting as acquired to obtain investment income or as available for resale (based on the growth of their value). They are reflected in the balance sheet accounts No. 502 "Unquoted debt obligations", No. 507 "Unquoted shares".
Securities of the investment portfolio that are quoted at the time of acquisition are reflected in balance sheet accounts No. 503 "Quoted debt securities purchased for investment", No. 508 "Quoted shares purchased for investment". Analytical accounting is maintained in accordance with the selected method for assessing the cost of retired (sold) securities in terms of issues or individual securities (their lots).
3. In controlling portfolio the voting shares purchased by the credit institution shall be credited in an amount ensuring control over the management of the issuing organization or significant influence on it. The number of voting shares is determined in accordance with the criteria of significant influence established by the Bank of Russia Regulation No. 191-P dated July 30, 2002 "On Consolidated Statements", registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation No. 3857 on October 11, 2002.
Securities of the portfolio of controlling participation are reflected on balance sheet accounts No. 60101, 60102, 60103, 60104. Analytical accounting is maintained in accordance with the selected method for assessing the cost of retired (sold) securities in terms of issues or individual securities (their parties).
The date of transactions for the purchase / disposal of securities is the date of transfer of rights to the security, determined in accordance with Article 29 of the Federal Law "On the Securities Market" No. 39-FZ (as amended by the Federal Law of 28.12.2002, No. 185-FZ ).
In accounting, these operations are reflected on the day of receipt of the primary documents confirming the transfer of rights to the security, or on the day of the fulfillment of the terms of the agreement (transaction) that determine the transfer of rights.
If the date of transfer of rights and the date of settlements stipulated by the agreement does not coincide with the date of the transaction, the claims and obligations are reflected in the accounts for accounting for cash and forward transactions in Chapter D "Urgent transactions" of the Chart of accounts. In this case, claims and obligations are subject to transfer to balance sheet accounts.
Transactions and transactions for which the transfer of rights or settlements are carried out on the date of the transaction are reflected on balance sheet accounts No. 47407, 47408 “Settlements on conversion transactions and forward transactions” (off-balance accounting is not kept in this case).
Operations and transactions with securities made on organized markets, in which this credit institution is a professional participant, are reflected in balance sheet accounts No. 47403, 47404 “Settlements with currency and stock exchanges”.
Operations for the purchase / disposal of securities, performed through intermediaries, upon receipt of primary documents confirming the transfer of rights to securities, are reflected in correspondence with balance sheet account No. assets ".
If the counterparty (intermediary) fails to fulfill the terms of the agreement (transaction) within the prescribed period receivables at the end of the business day, it is subject to transfer to accounts for overdue debt (client or interbank) as overdue debt on other (other) placed funds.
Accounts payable in the amount of the obligations of a commercial bank, for any reason not fulfilled within the period specified in the terms of the agreement, shall be transferred at the end of the operating day to the following accounts:
- accounting for unfulfilled obligations under agreements to attract funds from clients;
- on accounting for overdue interbank debt as overdue debt on other (other) borrowed funds.
Securities are accepted for accounting at the actual cost of their purchase. The actual costs of acquiring a security, in addition to the cost at the acquisition price determined by the terms of the agreement, include the costs of paying for services for the acquisition, and for interest-bearing (coupon) securities - also the interest (coupon) income paid upon their acquisition.
Depending on the purposes of the acquisition, the accounting of investments in securities is carried out by the following methods:
a) at the purchase price;
b) at the market price.
The method of accounting for investments in securities is understood as the procedure for determining the book value of investments in securities to reflect their value in accounting, taking into account fluctuations in market conditions and / or risks of impairment.
The purchase price method is based on the fact that the carrying amount of the security does not change while it is in the respective portfolio. For securities recorded at the purchase price, provisions for impairment and / or provision for possible losses are formed in accordance with the procedure established by the regulations of the Bank of Russia.
Market price accounting is an accounting method in which investments in securities are periodically revalued at the market price. This method does not create a provision for impairment of securities and a provision for possible losses.
Revaluation of securities in the portfolio of a credit institution is carried out as of the end of a business day by multiplying the number of securities by their market price.
Securities of the investment portfolio and the portfolio of controlling participation are reflected in accounting only at the acquisition price (book value when transferring from the trading portfolio).
Quoted securities included in the trading portfolio and reflected in accounts No. 501, No. 506 are accounted for only at the market price.
Securities credited to the balance sheet accounts of the trading portfolio No. 50113, No. 50611 "Under agreements to resell" and No. 50115, No. 50613 "Under loan agreements" are accounted for at the purchase price (the amount of the principal debt).
At the same time, provisions for impairment or potential losses are not created for securities purchased under loan agreements. For securities purchased under agreements to resell, only a provision for possible losses is formed.
Transactions related to the disposal of securities and the determination of the financial result are reflected in the balance sheet accounts No. 61203 and No. 61204 “Disposal (sale) of securities”.
The financial result upon disposal of a security is determined as the difference between the cost of the security and the redemption price or the price of disposal (sale) determined by the agreement.
If the repayment of the principal debt (face value) of a security is made in several payments, the amounts and terms of which are established by the terms of its issue and circulation, then the financial result from the repayment of part of the principal debt is determined as the difference between the amount of partial repayment and a part of the cost of the security calculated in proportion to the ratio of the amount of partial repayment to the face value.
The accounting policy should define one of the following methods for assessing the cost of sold and retired securities:
- at the average cost;
- at the cost of the first by the time of acquisition (FIFO);
- at the cost of the most recent acquisition (LIFO).
As of the date of disposal of the security, the credit of the sales (disposal) accounts shall reflect:
- the amount received for redemption of the security (including the amount of redeemed interest (coupon));
- or its cost at the selling (disposal) price determined by the contract (including accumulated interest (coupon) income).
The debit of these accounts is written off the amounts that make up the cost of the security. In this case, the accrued interest (coupon) income is reflected in correspondence with account No. 504 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations", second order account No. 50405 "Received upon sale or redemption".
On the same day, the financial result shall be credited to the accounts for recording income or expenses from the resale (redemption) of securities.
Upon redemption of a security, the date of retirement is the day when the issuer fulfills its obligations to redeem the security. In all other cases, the date of disposal is the date of transfer of rights to the security.
When making sale and purchase transactions with interest-bearing (coupon) debt obligations, in the terms of the transaction, interest (coupon) income is allocated for the time from the beginning of the interest (coupon) period to the date of transfer of rights to the debt obligation that is the subject of the transaction, inclusive.
The start date of the interest (coupon) period is the day following the date of issue of the interest (coupon) debt obligation or the date of payment of the previous interest (coupon) yield on the debt instruments in circulation, unless the issuer has specified a different period.
If, for some reason, when concluding the transaction, the accumulated interest (coupon) income was not indicated as a separate item in its terms, the credit institution is obliged to separate it from the purchase / sale price of the debt obligation.
The accounting of income and expenses on accrued interest (coupon) income is carried out on balance sheet account No. 504 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations".
Interest (coupon) income paid upon purchase of a security is recorded on balance sheet account No. 504 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations", second order account No. 50406 "Paid upon acquisition".
Interest (coupon) income received upon retirement of a security or upon payment of interest (redemption of coupons) is reflected in account No. 504 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations" and second order account No. 50405 "Received upon sale or redemption ". At the same time, the accumulated interest (coupon) income, paid when purchasing from the debit of account No. 50405 on credit of account No. 50406, is written off.
On the same day, the final balance on account No. 50405 is subject to transfer to balance sheet account No. 70102 “Income received from operations with securities”. At the end of the working day and in the daily balance, there should be no balances on account No. 50405.
When paying interest (coupon) income on securities, the date of receipt of income is the day when the issuer fulfills its obligations to pay interest (coupon) income. In all other cases, the date of receipt of the accumulated coupon yield is the date of transfer of rights to the security.
Analytical accounting on account No. 50406 is kept separately for each portfolio in accordance with the selected method for assessing the cost of retired (sold) securities in terms of issues of debt obligations or individual debt obligations (their parties).
The costs associated with the acquisition and disposal (sale) of securities include:
- costs of paying for the services of specialized organizations and other persons;
- fees for consulting, information and registration services;
- fees paid to intermediaries;
- remuneration paid to organizations that ensure the conclusion and execution of transactions.
The costs associated with the acquisition and sale must be deducted from account No. 50905 "Costs associated with the acquisition and sale of securities" upon disposal of the security in accordance with the selected method for assessing the cost of retired securities.
Regulation of operations under contracts (deals) of purchase and sale, as well as pledge of bonds, is carried out in accordance with the Regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on March 25, 2003 No. 219-P "On the Servicing and Circulation of Issues of Federal Government Securities". This provision regulates the procedure for the placement, circulation of servicing and redemption of state short-term zero-coupon bonds, federal loan bonds and federal government bonds issued in accordance with Federal Law No. 136-FZ of July 29, 1998 “On the Specifics of the Issue and Circulation of Government and Municipal Securities ", Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 16, 2000 No. 790" On approval of the General conditions for the issue and circulation of state short-term zero-coupon bonds ", Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 15, 1995 No. 458" On General conditions for the issue and circulation of federal loan bonds ", Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of 12.05.1998 No. 439" On General Conditions for the Issue and Circulation of Government Federal Bonds "and other regulations governing the issue and circulation of these securities.
A bond is a security (promissory note), according to which its owner is paid an annual income, the amount of which is predetermined in the form of a certain percentage to the face value of the bond. Bond yield can be paid by paying coupons (the portion of a bond that is cut from it and transferred instead of a receipt when interest is received).
Bond market participants are: issuer, general agent of the issuer, primary dealer, dealer, owner (investor).
The issuer is the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, acting in accordance with the current legislation. General agent the issuer is the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. A primary dealer is a dealer who meets the requirements established by the Bank of Russia for the status of primary dealers and who has entered into a bond purchase and sale agreement with the Bank of Russia. The dealer is the agent who carries out the relevant transactions in bonds in conjunction with the primary dealer.
The investor enters into an agreement with the dealer, which determines the procedure for purchasing or disposing of bonds, carrying out transactions on the investor's “custody” account and the procedure for recording rights to bonds on this account, as well as the rights, obligations and responsibilities of the parties in performing these operations.
Consider the infrastructure of the bond market. It consists of a depository system, a settlement system and a trading system.
Depository system- this is a set of organizations authorized to ensure that the rights of owners to bonds are recorded, as well as the transfer of bonds through depot accounts for purchase and sale transactions and in some other cases. The depository system consists of a depositary and subdepositaries.
A depositary is a legal entity that has a license of a professional participant in the securities market to carry out depository activities and has entered into an appropriate agreement with the issuer, as well as authorized, on the basis of an agreement with the Bank of Russia, to ensure that rights to bonds are recorded on depo accounts of dealers and the transfer of bonds through accounts “ depot ".
A subdepository is a legal entity licensed as a professional participant in the securities market to carry out depository activities. Its powers stipulate, on the basis of agreements with the Bank of Russia and the depository, to ensure that investors 'rights to bonds are recorded in their depo accounts, as well as to transfer bonds through investors' depo accounts on the basis of an agreement with the investor. Only a dealer can be a sub-custodian.
Settlement system is a set of settlement centers of the Organized Securities Market (ORSM), providing settlements for cash on transactions with bonds. The Settlement Center of the Organized Securities Market is a non-bank credit institution authorized, on the basis of an agreement with the Bank of Russia, to provide settlements for dealers' funds in bond transactions by opening dealer bank accounts and performing transactions on these accounts.
Trading system is a legal entity that has a license of a professional participant in the securities market to carry out activities for organizing trading and is authorized, on the basis of an agreement with the Bank of Russia, to ensure the procedure for concluding transactions with bonds in accordance with the regulations of the Bank of Russia. The trading system organizes the conclusion of transactions on the bond market.
Circulation of bonds can be carried out by concluding and executing transactions for the purchase and sale of bonds through the trading system and pledge transactions.
The placement of an issue (additional issue, tranche) of bonds is carried out by the Bank of Russia on behalf of the issuer in the form of an auction held in the trading system and / or at a fixed offer price or by private subscription. At the same time, placement of bonds by private subscription is understood as an placement carried out on the basis of purchase and sale agreements between the issuer and the dealer and / or investor without making these transactions through the trading system.
The procedure for calculating the yield on government securities is regulated by Appendix 2 to the Regulation of the Bank of Russia No. 219-P "On servicing and circulation of issues of federal government securities" dated March 25, 2003.
Redemption of bonds, as well as payment of coupon yield, or redemption of a part of the par value of bonds, is carried out on behalf of the issuer at the expense of funds federal budget transferred by the issuer to the Bank of Russia.
Note that in case of incomplete transfer of funds by the issuer, i.e. upon redemption of a part of the par value of bonds, payment of coupon yield is not made.
All information stored in the trading system, settlement system and depository system is recognized as confidential and is not included in the official published information.
As already noted, the purchase and sale of government bonds is carried out through the settlement centers (RC) of the organized securities market (OSM), therefore, in accounting, these operations are reflected in account No. 304 “Settlements in the organized securities market”.
To record the par value of debt securities issued by a credit institution, passive account No. 520 “Issued bonds” is used, which keeps records of the par value of bonds issued by a credit institution with a subdivision by maturity.
Bank-issued bonds with expired references are transferred to the account for recording obligations for issued securities for execution (account No. 524).
On the credit of account No. 520, the par value of the bonds issued by the credit institution is carried out when they are placed in correspondence with correspondent accounts, cash account, settlement accounts of clients. If debt securities are placed at a price below their par value, then the difference between the par value and the actual placement price (discount amount) is debit to account No. 52502 "Upcoming payments on interest, coupons and discounts on issued securities."
On the debit of account No. 520, the par value of bonds issued by a credit institution is written off in the following cases:
- when they are paid on the day of presentation before the expiration of the circulation period or the established maturity date, in correspondence with correspondent accounts, settlement (current) accounts of clients, accounts of deposits (deposits) of individuals, cash account (if the owner is an individual);
- upon the expiration of the circulation period or the established maturity period, in correspondence with the accounts for the accounting of obligations on issued securities for execution.
The debit of the accounting account for issued bonds also writes off the amount of the discount in the part not paid for early redemption of the security, in correspondence with the account for accounting for forthcoming payments on interest, coupons and discounts on issued securities No. 52502 or with the account for accounting for expenses or income of the bank.
Analytical accounting on bonds is carried out in the context of government registration numbers and releases.
Bonds issued but not placed by a credit institution are accounted for using off-balance sheet account No. 907 "Unplaced Securities".
Uniform rules for the issuance and execution of savings and deposit certificates are established by the Regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 14-3-20 "On savings and deposit certificates of credit organizations" dated 02.10.1992 (as amended by the Instructions of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated November 29, 2000, No. 857 -U).
Savings (deposit) certificate is a security that certifies the amount of the deposit made to the credit institution and the rights of the depositor (certificate holder) to receive, after the expiration of the established period, the amount of the deposit and the interest specified in the certificate at the credit institution that issued the certificate, or at any of its branches. The certificate cannot serve as a means of payment or means of payment for goods sold or services rendered.
The right to issue a savings certificate is granted to banks under the following conditions:
- carrying out banking activities for at least two years;
- publications annual reporting(balance sheet and profit and loss statement), confirmed by an auditing firm;
- compliance with banking laws and regulations of the Bank of Russia;
- compliance with mandatory economic standards;
- availability reserve fund(balance account No. 10701 "Reserve Fund") in the amount of at least 15% of the actually paid authorized capital;
- fulfillment of mandatory reserve requirements.
Certificates can be issued both on a one-off basis and in series. Savings and deposit certificates can be registered or bearer.
A credit institution issuing certificates must approve the conditions for the issuance and circulation of its certificates. In this case, the terms of issue are presented for each type of certificate separately.
Within three weeks from the date of receipt of the registered terms of issue from the registering authority and in the absence of comments to these documents, the Department for Control over the Activities of Credit Organizations on financial markets Bank of Russia introduces terms of issue to the Register of conditions for the issue and circulation of savings and deposit certificates of credit institutions.
Certificates are forward-looking securities. Interest rates on them are set by the authorized body of the credit institution.
Interest at the rate initially set upon issuance of the certificate, due to the owner upon the expiration of the circulation period (when the owner of the certificate receives the right to claim a deposit or a deposit according to the certificate), is paid by the credit institution, regardless of the time of its purchase.
In the event of an early presentation of a savings (deposit) certificate for payment, the credit institution pays the amount of the deposit and interest paid on demand deposits, unless a different interest rate is established by the terms of the certificate.
If the term of receipt of the deposit (deposit) according to the certificate is overdue, then the credit institution is obliged to pay the amount of deposit and interest indicated in the certificate at the first request of its owner. For the period from the date of claiming the sums under the certificate until the date of the actual presentation of the certificate for payment, no interest is paid.
When the date of claiming the deposit or deposit comes, the credit institution makes a payment against the presentation of the certificate and the statement of the owner, indicating the account to which the funds are to be credited. Funds from the redemption of the certificate of deposit can be sent at the request of the owner only to his correspondent, current (current) account. For citizens, payment can be made either by transferring the amount to an account or in cash.
For non-residents (in accordance with the Instruction of the Bank of Russia No. 93-I "On the procedure for opening by authorized banks bank accounts of non-residents in the currency of the Russian Federation and conducting transactions on these accounts" dated 10/12/2000) monetary obligations arising from the issuance and circulation of certificates can only be paid from ruble accounts opened with authorized banks.
The procedure for accounting by credit institutions of transactions with certificates of deposit and savings certificates is regulated by:
- Regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated 30.12.1999 No. 103-P "On the procedure for maintaining accounting records of transactions related to the issuance and redemption of savings and deposit certificates by credit institutions";
- Instructions of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated 20.12.2000 No. 867-U "On Amendments and Additions to the Regulation of the Bank of Russia No. 103-P" On the Procedure for Keeping Accounting Transactions Related to the Issue and Redemption of Savings and Deposit Certificates by Credit Institutions "dated 30.12. 1999 year
Accounting operations for the placement and redemption of savings and deposit certificates, as well as the accrual and payment of interest due under the certificate, are carried out on the basis of an order (internal document of the bank) of the relevant structural unit bank (branch) accounting division of the bank signed official bank (branch). The order specifies the series and number of the certificate, the content of transactions, as well as the amount to be reflected in accounting.
Issued certificates are accounted for in the amount of the deposit (deposit) issued by the certificate on the second-order accounts of balance sheet accounts No. 521 "Issued certificates of deposit" and No. 522 "Issued savings certificates" by maturity.
V analytical accounting personal accounts are kept by the number and series of the certificate.
Reflection in accounting of accrued interest on certificates is carried out as follows.
A credit institution calculates interest on certificates based on the amount specified in the details of the certificate. The interest on the certificate is reflected in the balance sheet by the credit institution at least once a month and no later than the last business day of the reporting month. Interest for the last calendar days of the reporting month falling on non-working days must be reflected in the corresponding accounting accounts in the balance sheet of the credit institution for the last working day of the reporting month.
At the same time, the daily accrual of interest must be ensured programmatically in the context of each certificate on an accrual basis from the date of the last reflection of accrued interest on personal accounts.
Interest on the amount of the certificate is calculated from the day following the date of receipt of the deposit (deposit) in the credit institution to the day preceding the date of claiming the amount of the deposit (deposit) specified in the certificate upon its issuance, inclusive. In this case, the actual number of calendar days in a year (365 or 366 days, respectively) and the value of the interest rate (in percent per annum) indicated on the certificate form are taken as the basis. If the days of the period for calculating interest on the certificate fall on calendar years with a different number of days (365 and 366 days, respectively), then:
- interest accrual for days falling on a calendar year with 365 days is based on 365 calendar days a year;
- interest accrual for days falling on a calendar year with 366 days is made on the basis of 366 calendar days a year.
Interest can be calculated using both simple and compound interest formulas. If the method of calculating interest is not indicated in the conditions for issuing certificates, then the calculation is carried out according to the formula simple interest:
1. The formula for calculating simple interest on a certificate of deposit (savings):
where P is the nominal value of the certificate; I - interest rate by certificate (% per annum); t - the number of days of accrual of interest on the certificate (certificate term); K is the number of days in a calendar year (365 or 366); PRP is the amount of interest payable.
2. The formula for calculating the amount of interest for the current reporting period(for simple percent formula):
mark "> m - the number of days of accrual of interest on the certificate from the date of the contribution (deposit) to the day of the end of the current reporting period, inclusive; highlight"> 3. The formula for calculating compound interest on a deposit (savings) certificate:
the note "> d" is the base period (number of days) for which interest is accrued using the compound interest formula; PRS is the amount of interest payable.
4. The formula for calculating the amount of interest for the current reporting period(for compound interest formula):
mark "> PRSper - the amount of interest for the current reporting period, subject to additional accrual on the corresponding personal accounts No. 52501 and No. 52502 / No. 70204.
The storage of certificate blanks is carried out by credit institutions in the vault of valuables or outside the vault in safes (metal cabinets) with safety assurance. In this case, certificate blanks are accounted for in the debit of account No. 90701 "Forms of own securities for distribution" in correspondence with account No. 99999 in a conditional value of 1 rubles. for one form. In analytical accounting, personal accounts are kept by types of forms and by officials responsible for storage.
The accounting of the forms issued against the account to the persons responsible for their distribution is carried out using account No. 90705 "Forms, certificates, securities sent and issued on account", on the credit of which the amounts of the forms distributed by the reporting entities are written off based advance reports, in correspondence with account No. 99999. Analytical accounting is carried out on personal accounts opened in the context of certificates and accountable to the persons to whom they were issued.
Certificates issued by a credit institution into circulation and accepted for storage for a fee in accordance with the storage agreement concluded with the certificate holder are reflected at the nominal value of the certificate on the debit of off-balance sheet account No. 90803 "Securities in storage under storage agreements" in correspondence with account No. 99999. When removed from storage, the certificates are written off against the credit of account No. 90803 in correspondence with account No. 99999 at the nominal value of the certificate.
If a depository service agreement is concluded with the owner of the certificate, the certificates accepted under such agreements are reflected in the prescribed manner on the accounts of Chapter D “Securities Accounts” (see Section 9.9). In other cases, depository accounting of transactions with own certificates of deposit and savings certificates is not carried out.
When issuing their own bills and conducting other transactions with bills, commercial banks are guided by:
- The "Uniform Bill of Exchange and Bill of Exchange Act", which is annex No. 1 to the 1930 Geneva Convention No. 358 establishing the Bill of Exchange and Bill of Exchange Act,
- Letter of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Taxes and Duties of 20.02.2001, No. VG-8-02 / 105 "On the application of Article 40 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation when performing transactions with bills of exchange."
A bill of exchange is a security that certifies the unconditional monetary debt unilateral obligation of the drawer to pay, upon maturity, a certain amount of money to the holder of the bill (owner of the bill of exchange).
A bill of exchange is not only a convenient form of payment, but also a type of commercial loan, since payment on a bill of exchange, as a rule, does not occur immediately, but after a certain time, during which the amount on the bill is at the disposal of the drawer.
There are two types of bills: simple and bill.
Promissory note (solo promissory note)- this is the unconditional obligation of the drawer to pay a certain amount of money to the bearer of the bill or to the person indicated in the bill of exchange, or to the one whom he indicates after a specified period or on demand.
Bill of exchange (draft) is an unconditional instruction from the drawer (drawer) to the payer (drawer) to pay a certain amount of money to the bearer of the bill of exchange or to the person indicated in the bill of exchange, or to the one whom he will indicate after a specified period of time or upon demand.
When issuing a promissory note in bill circulation two parties are involved (the drawer and the holder of the bill), and the transferee - three parties (the drawer, the holder of the bill and the payer). For a bill of exchange, the payer is not the drawer, but another person who, through acceptance, undertakes to pay the bill of exchange on time. If the payer refuses to accept the bill, the drawer is obliged to pay for it.
Accounting for transactions with bills of exchange is regulated by:
- Regulation No. 205-P "On the rules of accounting in credit institutions located on the territory of the Russian Federation", approved by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on 05.12.2002 (as amended on 24.03.2004);
- Letter of the Bank of Russia dated February 23, 1995 No. 26 "On operations of commercial banks with bills of exchange and changes in the accounting procedure for banking transactions with bills of exchange" -U), which is applied in the part that does not contradict the above Regulation.
The reflection of the discount on the credit institution's own bills of exchange is carried out in accordance with the Instruction of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of June 17, 1999, No. 577-U "On the reflection of the discount on the credit institution's own bills of exchange."
Active balance transactions of commercial banks with bills are divided into accounting, guarantee, rediscounting and pledge.
TO accounting operations commercial banks include:
- Purchase (accounting, discounting) of bills.
- Redemption by the payer of a bill of exchange previously recorded.
Bills of exchange discounted by commercial banks are reflected in active balance accounts No. 512 - 519. Second-order accounts are accounted for:
a) by the timing of bills of exchange: on demand; with a maturity of up to 30 days; from 31 to 90 days; from 91 to 180 days; from 181 days to one year; over one year up to 3 years; over 3 years; not paid on time and protested; not paid on time and unprotested;
b) for passive accounts of the second order No. 51210, 51310, 51410, 51510, 51610, 51710, 51810, 51910 reserves for possible losses are taken into account.
A feature of transactions on bills discounted by the bank is the mandatory creation of reserves for possible losses on discounted bills on the corresponding accounts.
In the debit of accounts, the purchase value of the purchased bill of exchange is posted in correspondence with the correspondent account, cash account or current account of the client for the amount paid when purchasing the bill. The purchase price of the bill is written off on the credit of the accounts upon receipt of funds from the payer, in repayment of the bill of exchange recorded by the credit institution in correspondence with the correspondent account, cash account or current account of the client. The purchase value of the bill is also written off on the credit of the accounts when the purchased bill of exchange is resold in correspondence with the correspondent account, cash account or current account of the client.
Warranty operations banks with promissory notes represent the provision of bank guarantee(aval), bills mediation in transactions for accounting and rediscounting of bills, as well as endorsements (with the exception of non-negotiable endorsements) affixed by a credit institution to bills.
Let us recall that an aval is a surety under which a credit institution takes responsibility for fulfilling obligations under a bill of exchange. Avaluation is carried out on the principles of insuring the lender against non-repayment of the loan with the collection of commissions in its favor, taking into account the amounts on the bill and the potential risk of non-payment on it.
A bank guarantee (aval) can be provided and used in the full amount of the bill and in part of the bill amount.
Guarantee operations are reflected on off-balance sheet account No. 91404 “Issued guarantees and sureties” in correspondence with account No. 99998. Amounts from account No. 91404 are debited after payment of the guarantee, including payment at the expense of a credit institution.
Amounts not collected due to lack of funds on the payer's account, whose payment was guaranteed by the bank, are reflected in the debit of account No. 60315 "Amounts not collected under their guarantees" in correspondence with correspondent accounts. On the credit of account No. 60315, the amounts recovered from the payer are reflected in correspondence with the client's account, correspondent accounts, as well as with the reserve fund account if it is impossible to collect funds.
Rediscount operations are governed by the Regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 65-P "On the Bank of Russia rediscounting operations" dated 30.12.1998. In the Russian Federation, rediscounting operations are applied only in relation to transactions under export contracts. The participants in the transactions for the rediscounting of bills of exchange of exporting enterprises are:
- Operational division of the Bank of Russia for rediscounting of bills.
- An exporting organization is a legal entity, a resident of the Russian Federation, which has concluded on its own behalf an agreement for the export of goods (export contract), included in the List of exporting organizations approved by the Bank of Russia, whose bills of exchange may be accepted for rediscounting.
- Accounting bank - an authorized bank that has received the status of an "Accounting bank", with which transactions for rediscounting of bills can be carried out.
Are accepted for stocktaking promissory notes with a term "for a certain day", the drawers of which are exporting organizations included in the list approved by the Bank of Russia. At the same time, the term of payment under the bill should not exceed by more than 1 month the term of the last payment under the export contract.
The Bank of Russia accepts bills of exchange for rediscounting, the maturity of which is at least ten days.
When carrying out transactions on rediscounting of bills and transactions with rediscounted bills, the Bank of Russia also carries out depository accounting of bills. At the same time, in accordance with the concluded depositary agreements, the Bank of Russia accepts for safekeeping and keeps records of bills of exchange of exporting organizations recorded by the Accounting Bank. Bills of exchange are accepted for storage, from the date of drawing up of which no more than three working days have passed. Bills accepted by the bank for safekeeping are accounted for under active off-balance sheet account No. 90803 “Securities for safekeeping under safekeeping agreements”.
The Bank of Russia discloses information about its operations with bills of exchange of exporting organizations by posting it on the Bank of Russia server on the Internet (WWW.CBR.RU) and publishing it in the Bank of Russia Bulletin.
Collateral transactions commercial bank with promissory notes are carried out using accounts No. 91303 "Securities accepted as collateral for loans issued", No. 91401 "Securities accepted as collateral for received loans". The debit of these accounts records bills of exchange accepted or transferred as collateral for loans issued or received by a credit institution secured by bills of exchange; the credit reflects the return of bills of exchange accepted or transferred earlier on returned loans.
To account for the par value of bills issued by a credit institution, passive account No. 523 "Bills issued and bank acceptances" is used, which records the nominal value of bills issued by a credit institution by maturity.
Bills of exchange issued by the bank with expired circulation are transferred to accounts for recording obligations for issued securities for execution.
On the credit of account No. 523, the nominal value of the bills issued by the credit institution is posted when they are placed in correspondence with correspondent accounts, cash account, settlement accounts of clients. If debt securities are placed at a price lower than their par value, the difference between the par value and the actual placement price (discount amount) is debit to account No. 52502 "Upcoming payments on interest, coupons and discounts on issued securities."
The debit of the account writes off the par value of the bills issued by the credit institution. Writing off is carried out in the following cases:
- when they are paid on the day of presentation before the expiration of the circulation period and (or) the established maturity date, in correspondence with correspondent accounts, settlement (current) accounts of clients, accounts of deposits (deposits) of individuals, cash account (if the owner is an individual);
- when accepting for early payment, but not paying on the day of presentation, in correspondence with accounts for recording obligations for issued securities for execution;
- upon the expiration of the circulation period and / or the established maturity period, in correspondence with the accounts for accounting for obligations on issued securities for execution.
The debit of the account for accounting for promissory notes and bank acceptances is also written off the amount of the discount in the part that is not paid for early redemption of the security, in correspondence with the account for accounting for forthcoming payments on interest, coupons and discounts on issued securities or with the account for accounting for expenses or income of the bank ...
Analytical accounting for bills of exchange is maintained for each bill.
Bills of exchange issued but not placed by the credit institution are accounted for using off-balance sheet account No. 907 "Unplaced Securities".
The procedure for accounting for transactions in the sale and purchase of securities for which the date of settlement does not coincide with the date of the transaction is defined in Regulation No. 205-P “On the Rules for Keeping Accounting in Credit Institutions Located on the Territory of the Russian Federation”, approved by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. 5.12. 2002 (as amended on 03.24.2004). Transactions are accounted for on the accounts from the date of conclusion to the first settlement date in accordance with the regulations of the Bank of Russia governing the accounting procedure for transactions in the purchase and sale of various financial assets.
In the accounting records, transactions are divided into transactions with residents and non-residents, as well as urgent and cash transactions in accordance with the criteria established by the regulations of the Bank of Russia.
When a transaction is concluded for which the dates of performance by the parties of their obligations do not coincide, the date of performance of the transaction (settlement date under the transaction) is the date of performance of all obligations under the transaction, i.e. the date on which the obligations of each of the parties under the terms of the transaction are considered fulfilled.
Liabilities arising from the conclusion of sale and purchase transactions are recorded on passive accounts, claims - on active accounts.
Claims and obligations for transactions with different deadlines are recorded on separate second-order accounts. Accounts for recording claims and obligations are determined in terms of the period from the date of the transaction to the date of fulfillment of the corresponding claim or obligation. At the same time, as the time remaining until the date of the fulfillment of the demand or obligation changes, the amounts are transferred to the corresponding second-order account.
On the day of the first settlement date, the accounting of the transaction on the accounts of Chapter D "Urgent Operations" of the Chart of Accounts in credit institutions is terminated with simultaneous reflection in the established manner on the balance sheet accounts.
For transactions of purchase and sale of securities, providing for the possibility of their redemption (sale), the accounting of claims and obligations for the reverse part of the transaction is kept on separate accounts allocated for these purposes.
Claims and liabilities on financial assets (securities) that have market or officially established prices (rates) are recorded in the accounts at these prices (rates) and are subject to revaluation:
- on the day of the conclusion of the transaction - for the amount of the difference between the price of the transaction and the market (exchange) price of securities as of the date of the conclusion of the transaction;
- on the day of changes in market (exchange) prices for securities - by the amount of the difference between the last and the newly established market price.
To reflect exchange rate differences arising from the revaluation of securities on concluded transactions, account No. 940 “Unrealized exchange rate differences on revaluation of securities” is opened.
Accounting on account No. 940 is carried out as follows. Separate pairs of personal accounts (active and passive) are opened to record unrealized income and expenses on concluded transactions. At the end of the business day, unrealized exchange differences arising from the revaluation of foreign currency, precious metals or securities, can remain on only one personal account from an open pair: active (expense) or passive (income). The operating day begins on the one of the paired accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences, on which there is a balance. At the end of the working day, in the event of a debit balance on a passive personal account or a credit balance on an active personal account, the balance must be transferred to the corresponding paired personal account by an accounting entry based on a memorial order.
On active accounts, claims arising from the conclusion of transactions for the sale and purchase of securities are taken into account, as well as negative unrealized exchange rate differences (expenses) on concluded transactions. In this case, account No. 932 “Requirements for the delivery of securities”, accounts of the second order No. 93201 “Requirements for the delivery of securities” and No. 93202 “Requirements for the delivery of securities from non-residents” are used. These accounts keep records of the bank's claims against counterparties (residents and non-residents) under transactions of purchase and sale of various financial assets in terms of the supply of securities to the credit institution in accordance with the concluded agreements from the date of the conclusion of transactions until the first settlement date.
On account No. 932, claims with a par value both in rubles and in foreign currency are taken into account. Claims denominated in foreign currency recorded on account No. 932 are subject to revaluation due to changes in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble. Claims recorded on account No. 932 with a par value both in rubles and in foreign currency are also subject to revaluation due to changes in market (exchange) prices for securities with market quotations.
On the debit of account No. 932 "Requirements for the delivery of securities" are carried out:
- the amount of claims that have arisen against counterparties for transactions in the purchase and sale of securities, in correspondence with accounts for recording obligations for the delivery of securities;
- an increase in the valuation of claims due to an increase in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble, market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on the revaluation of securities.
The following are debited from the account credit:
- the amount of claims against counterparties under transactions upon the arrival of the first settlement date, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for obligations to supply securities;
- change in the valuation of claims due to the fall in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble, market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on the revaluation of securities.
Analytical accounting on account No. 932 it is kept by types of securities, issues and denominations in the context of each agreement.
Claims on securities denominated in rubles are recorded at the purchase price or market prices. Claims on securities denominated in foreign currency are accounted for in a double valuation: in foreign currency - at the acquisition price and in rubles or in foreign currency - at market prices and in rubles.
Accounting for forward transactions in securities is carried out using accounts No. 935 “Requirements for the delivery of securities”, No. 936 “Requirements for the repurchase of securities”, No. 937 “Requirements for the repurchase of securities”.
The second order accounts No. 93501 - 93510 take into account the bank's requirements for the delivery of securities with a par value in rubles and with a par value in a foreign currency. Requirements for the delivery of securities denominated in rubles with market quotations are subject to revaluation due to changes in market (exchange) prices for securities. Requirements for the delivery of securities denominated in foreign currency that have market quotations are subject to revaluation due to changes in market (exchange) prices for securities and official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble, and not having market quotations - only in connection with changes in official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble.
On the debit of these accounts, the following are posted:
- the amount of the bank's claims against counterparties in securities supply transactions in connection with the conclusion of securities purchase and sale transactions, in correspondence with the accounts for the accounting of obligations for the delivery of funds;
- an increase in the valuation of claims due to an increase in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble or market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on the revaluation of foreign currency or securities.
The following are debited from the credit of these accounts:
- the amount of the bank's claims against counterparties for the supply of securities under purchase and sale transactions, upon the arrival of the first settlement date, in correspondence with accounts for recording obligations for the delivery of funds;
- a decrease in the valuation of claims due to a fall in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble or market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on the revaluation of foreign currency or securities.
Analytical accounting conducted by types of securities, issues and denominations in the context of each agreement. Claims on securities denominated in rubles are recorded at the purchase price or market prices. Claims on securities denominated in foreign currency are accounted for in a double valuation: in foreign currency - at the acquisition price and in rubles or in foreign currency - at market prices and in rubles.
On second order accounts No. 93601 - 93610, securities are accounted for from the date of sale of securities to the date of repurchase of securities by the bank. In this case, securities can be denominated in rubles and in foreign currency.
Securities denominated in rubles with market quotations are subject to revaluation due to changes in market (exchange) prices. Securities denominated in foreign currencies that have market quotations are subject to revaluation due to changes in market (exchange) prices for securities and official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble, and those that do not have market quotations - only in connection with changes in official exchange rates of foreign currencies to the Russian ruble.
In the debit of accounts, the following is posted:
- the cost of securities sold by the bank and subject to redemption in the course of the execution of the second part of agreements on transactions for the purchase and sale of securities with repurchase, in correspondence with the account for recording obligations for the repurchase of securities;
The following is debited from the credit of the accounts:
- the cost of securities purchased by the bank in the course of the execution of the second part of agreements on transactions for the purchase and sale of securities with redemption, in correspondence with the account for recording obligations for the redemption of securities;
- a decrease in the value of these securities due to a fall in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on the revaluation of foreign currency or securities.
Ruble denominated securities are recorded at redemption or market prices. Securities denominated in foreign currency are accounted for in double valuation:
- in foreign currency - at the redemption price and in rubles (for securities that do not have market quotations);
- in foreign currency - at market prices and in rubles (for securities with market quotations).
Analytical accounting conducted by types of securities, issues and denominations in the context of each agreement.
On second order accounts No. 93701 - 93710, cash is recorded from the date of purchase of securities to the date of the bank's reselling securities. In this case, monetary funds can be both in rubles and in foreign currency. Cash in foreign currency is subject to revaluation due to changes in the official exchange rate of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble.
Accounting for accounts No. 93701 - 93710 is carried out by the bank, which is the buyer of securities in the execution of the first part of agreements on securities purchase and sale transactions with repurchase.
In the debit of accounts, the following are posted:
- amounts of monetary funds to be received by the bank from the sale of securities in the course of the execution of the second part of agreements on transactions for the purchase and sale of securities with repurchase, in correspondence with the account for recording obligations for the repurchase of securities;
The following are debited from the credit of the accounts:
- amounts of money received by the bank from the sale of securities in the course of the execution of the second part of agreements on purchase and sale of securities with repurchase, in correspondence with the account for recording obligations for the repurchase of securities;
Analytical accounting
Unrealized exchange rate differences (negative) on revaluation of securities are reflected in account No. 94001 “Unrealized exchange rate differences on revaluation of securities”.
Exchange rate differences from revaluation are posted to the debit of the account:
- claims - in the event of a fall in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with claims accounts;
- liabilities - with an increase in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with liabilities accounts.
Exchange rate differences from revaluation are posted to the credit of the account:
- claims - with an increase in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with claims accounts;
- liabilities - in the event of a fall in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for recording liabilities.
Analytical accounting account No. 940 is kept in foreign currency and rubles.
Liabilities arising from the conclusion of transactions for the purchase and sale of securities, as well as positive unrealized exchange rate differences (income) on concluded transactions, are taken into account on passive accounts.
Cash transactions with securities in the accounting records are reflected on account No. 962 "Obligations to supply securities", second order accounts No. 96201 "Obligations to supply securities" and No. 96202 "Obligations to supply securities from non-residents".
Account number 962 records liabilities with par value both in rubles and in foreign currency.
Liabilities denominated in foreign currency, recorded on account No. 962, are subject to revaluation due to changes in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble. Liabilities recorded on account No. 962, both with par in rubles and in foreign currency, are subject to revaluation due to changes in market (exchange) prices for securities with market quotations.
On the credit of account No. 962, the following are carried out:
- the amount of the bank's obligations to counterparties under transactions in connection with the conclusion of transactions for the purchase and sale of securities, in correspondence with the accounts of accounting for claims for the delivery of securities;
- an increase in the valuation of liabilities due to an increase in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on revaluation of securities.
The debit of the account is written off:
- the amount of the bank's liabilities to counterparties under transactions, upon the arrival of the first settlement date, in correspondence with the accounts for accounting for claims for the delivery of securities;
- a decrease in the valuation of liabilities due to a fall in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on revaluation of securities.
Analytical accounting on account number 962
Liabilities on securities with a par value in foreign currency are accounted for in a double valuation: in foreign currency - at the acquisition price and in rubles (for securities that do not have market quotations) or in foreign currency - at market prices and in rubles (for securities with market quotations ).
The second order accounts No. 96501 - 96510 record the bank's obligations to supply securities with a par value in rubles and with a par value in a foreign currency.
Obligations to supply securities denominated in foreign currency with market quotations are subject to revaluation:
- in connection with a change in market (exchange) prices for securities and in connection with a change in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble;
- without market quotations - only in connection with a change in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble.
Obligations to supply securities denominated in rubles with market quotations are subject to revaluation due to changes in market (exchange) prices for securities.
On the credit of accounts No. 96501 - 96510:
- the amount of the bank's obligations to counterparties, on transactions for the supply of securities in connection with the conclusion of transactions for the purchase and sale of securities, in correspondence with the accounts of accounting for claims for the supply of funds;
- an increase in the valuation of liabilities due to an increase in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble or market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on the revaluation of foreign currency or securities.
- the amount of the bank's liabilities to counterparties for the supply of securities under purchase and sale transactions, upon the first settlement date, in correspondence with accounts for recording requirements for the supply of funds;
- a decrease in the valuation of liabilities due to a fall in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble or market (exchange) ones for securities, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on the revaluation of foreign currency or securities.
Analytical accounting conducted by types of securities, issues, denominations in the context of each agreement.
Liabilities for securities denominated in rubles are accounted for at the acquisition price (for securities that do not have market quotations) or market prices (for securities with market quotations).
Liabilities on securities with a par value in foreign currency are accounted for in a double valuation: in foreign currency - at the acquisition price and in rubles (for securities that do not have market quotations) or in foreign currency - at market prices and in rubles (for securities with market quotations ).
On second order accounts No. 96601 - 96610, funds are recorded from the date of sale of securities to the date of repurchase of securities by the bank. In this case, monetary funds can be both in rubles and in foreign currency.
Cash in foreign currencies is subject to revaluation due to changes in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble.
Accounting for accounts is carried out by a credit institution that is a seller of securities in the execution of the first part of agreements on purchase and sale of securities with repurchase.
On the credit of accounts No. 96601 - 96610:
- the amount of monetary funds payable by the bank when purchasing securities during the execution of the second part of agreements on transactions for the purchase and sale of securities with repurchase, in correspondence with the account for accounting for claims for repurchase of securities;
- an increase in the ruble equivalent of cash in foreign currency due to an increase in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble, in correspondence with the account of unrealized exchange rate differences on foreign currency revaluation.
By debit of accounts the following are written off:
- the amount of money paid by the bank in the course of the execution of the second part of agreements on transactions for the purchase and sale of securities with repurchase, in correspondence with the account for recording claims for the repurchase of securities;
- decrease in the ruble equivalent of cash in foreign currency due to the fall in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble, in correspondence with the account for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on foreign currency revaluation.
Analytical accounting conducted by types of currencies in the context of each agreement, for monetary funds in foreign currency - in a double estimate: in foreign currency and rubles.
On second order accounts No. 96701 - 96710, securities are accounted for from the date of purchase by the bank until the term for the return of securities by the bank. In this case, securities can have a par value both in rubles and in foreign currency.
Securities denominated in rubles with market quotations are subject to revaluation due to changes in market (exchange) prices for securities. Securities denominated in foreign currencies that have market quotations are subject to revaluation due to changes in market (exchange) prices for securities and official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble, and those that do not have market quotations - only in connection with changes in official exchange rates of foreign currencies to the Russian ruble.
Accounting for accounts is carried out by the bank, which is the buyer of securities in the execution of the first part of agreements on transactions for the purchase and sale of securities with repurchase.
On the credit of accounts No. 96701 - 96710, the following is carried out:
- the cost of securities purchased by the bank and subject to sale in the course of the execution of the second part of agreements on transactions for the purchase and sale of securities with repurchase, in correspondence with the account for recording claims for the repurchase of securities;
- an increase in the value of these securities due to an increase in market (exchange) prices for securities or official rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on the revaluation of foreign currency or securities.
On the debit of the accounts, the following is written off:
- the cost of securities sold by the bank in the course of the execution of the second part of agreements on transactions for the sale and purchase of securities with repurchase, in correspondence with the account for recording claims for the repurchase of securities;
- a decrease in the value of these securities due to a fall in market (exchange) prices for securities or official rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on the revaluation of foreign currency or securities.
Analytical accounting conducted by types of securities, issues, denominations in the context of each agreement.
Securities denominated in rubles are accounted for at the redemption price (for securities that do not have market quotations) or market prices (for securities with market quotations).
Securities denominated in foreign currency are accounted for in a double valuation: in foreign currency - at the redemption price and in rubles (for securities that do not have market quotations) or in foreign currency - at market prices and in rubles (for securities that have market quotations) ...
Unrealized exchange rate differences (positive) on revaluation of securities are reflected in account No. 97001 “Unrealized exchange rate differences on revaluation of securities”.
On the credit of account No. 97001, exchange rate differences from revaluation are carried out: claims - with an increase in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for recording claims; liabilities - in the event of a fall in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for recording liabilities.
The debit of the account records exchange rate differences from revaluation of: claims - in case of a fall in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with claims accounting accounts; liabilities - with an increase in market (exchange) prices, in correspondence with liabilities accounts. Analytical accounting account No. 970 is kept in foreign currency and rubles.
Conducting depository operations with equity securities:
- shares,
- bonds,
- government bonds,
- other types of securities that are issued in accordance with the current legislation,
regulated by Order of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 02-259 "On Approval of the Rules for Keeping Records of Depository Operations of Credit Institutions in the Russian Federation" dated July 25, 1996 and "Rules for Keeping Records of Depository Operations of Credit Institutions in the Russian Federation" approved by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on July 25, 1996. No. 44.
Emissive security is any security, including non-documentary, which is characterized simultaneously by the following features:
- secures a set of property and non-property rights subject to certification, assignment and unconditional exercise in compliance with the form and procedure established by Federal Law No. 39-FZ "On the Securities Market" (as amended by Federal Law No. 185-FZ dated 28.12.2002);
- posted by issues;
- has equal volumes and terms of exercising rights within one issue, regardless of the time of purchase of the security.
The main purpose of depository accounting (accounting of depository operations) is to obtain complete and reliable information about securities in the context of their owners, places of storage and depository operations applied to them.
Keeping depository accounting is entrusted to the management of the credit institution by issuing a corresponding order to the accounting department or to a special subdivision intended for keeping depository accounting and created in the manner prescribed by regulatory documents and the charter of the credit institution.
Depositories (credit institutions conducting depository activities) maintain analytical and synthetic depository accounting. In analytical accounting, analytical securities accounts are maintained, which account for securities belonging to specific owners or located in a specific storage location. The set of analytical accounting accounts and the procedure for reflecting depository operations on them are determined by the depository independently.
A securities account is a collection of entries in the registers of the depository, united by a common feature, intended for accounting for securities.
Analytical depo account- a depo account opened in a depository to record the rights to securities of a specific depositor or to record securities held in a specific place of storage.
Synthetic depo account- a depo account intended to be included in the depo balance, which reflects total amount without breakdown by specific owners or storage locations, securities recorded on analytical securities accounts.
Depo accounts include securities transferred to a credit institution by its clients:
- for storage and (or) accounting;
- for the implementation of trust management;
- for carrying out brokerage operations;
- to carry out other operations;
- securities owned by a credit institution on the basis of ownership or other property rights.
Securities are recorded on analytical securities accounts in pieces.
Securities on securities accounts are accounted for on a double-entry basis: for securities liabilities - in the context of owners and for securities assets - in terms of places of storage. Each security must be reflected twice in the analytical accounting: once - on a passive depo account - the depositor's account and the second time - on an active depo account - the account of the place of storage.
Information about all executed and executed by the depository operations must be contained in the operating journal of the depositary.
To organize the accounting of securities within the securities account, personal accounts are opened. A personal securities account is the minimum indivisible structural unit of depository accounting. It accounts for securities of the same issue with the same set of admissible depository operations. When opened to everyone personal account the synthetic depo account is unambiguously matched, which reflects the securities in this personal account.
To maintain synthetic accounting of securities held in custody in the depository, the Chart of Accounts for accounting in credit institutions provides for Chapter D “Securities Accounts”.
Balances on synthetic depo accounts (No. 98000, 98010, 98015, 98020, 98030, 98035, 98040, 98050, 98053, 98055, 98060, 98065, 98070, 98080, 98090) are determined based on balances on analytical depo accounts. Synthetic accounting of depository operations is carried out on consolidated cards of the issue, in depot balances and turnover sheets.
Summary cards are drawn up on the basis of the turnover logs of personal custody accounts until the beginning of the next business day and are kept separately for securities issues serviced in the depository, in the context of synthetic custody accounts within the issue. According to the summary cards, a short depot balance is compiled daily with the summary of all issues of securities being serviced by the depository. An integral part of the short depot balance is the generalized depot balance, which contains only the totals for the asset and liability for all issues of securities. On the first day of each month, according to the summary cards of the issues, for each issue of securities in the context of synthetic securities accounts, a full securities balance is drawn up.
Quarterly, according to the summary cards, turnover sheets are drawn up for each issue of securities. By summing up the indicators of the sheets, a summary turnover sheet is compiled.
Conducting depositary operations with non-issuable securities - bills of exchange, checks, certificates of deposit and savings certificates, etc., listed in Civil Code RF, and other securities, if these securities are not equity securities, is regulated by the Ordinance of the Central Bank of Russia No. 292-U "On the temporary procedure for conducting transactions with non-equity securities" dated 15.07.1998.
In accordance with Regulation No. 36 "On Depository Activities in the Russian Federation" approved by the Resolution of the Federal Commission for the Securities Market of the Russian Federation on October 16, 1997, the object of depository activities of credit institutions may be promissory notes and other non-equity securities transferred to a credit institution carrying out depository activities by its clients on the basis of depositary agreement. The credit institution is obliged to organize depository accounting for these securities.
Credit institutions are also entitled to accept non-equity securities on the basis of custody agreements. Custody of securities, which is not accompanied by accounting and certification of clients' rights to these securities, is not a depository activity. In this case, the basis for accepting securities is a custody agreement. When a credit institution accepts securities for safekeeping, their depository records are not kept, and the securities accepted for safekeeping are reflected in off-balance sheet account No. 90803 “Securities in custody under safekeeping agreements”.
When carrying out depository accounting for non-equity securities by maintaining analytical accounts, called securities accounts, the following requirements must be met:
- Non-equity securities are accounted for in securities accounts in pieces.
- It is allowed to record equity and non-equity securities within the same analytical securities account of the depositor or place of storage.
- It is not allowed to record emissive and non-emissive securities on one personal depo account.
On one personal securities account, it is allowed to record several non-equity securities of the same type. When maintaining a personal account, the total number of securities recorded on it in pieces must be indicated.
Accounting entries for active
| Debit | Credit | |
| Accounting for purchases of government securities | ||
| 1. Transfer of funds to the RC of the Organized Securities Market for participation in the auction: To the account of the participant of the RC ORSB; To ensure settlements for transactions on the RC of the organized securities market (blocking funds until the end of trading), transfer to a trading account |
30402 | 30102 |
| 2. Acquisition of debt obligations of the Russian Federation in the bank's portfolio: Reflection of funds from the bank's trading account; Reflection of the value of the acquired debt obligations; Payment of commission in favor of RC ORSB; At the same time, off-balance sheet accounting of acquired debt obligations on depo accounts |
30409 | 30404 |
| 3. Acquisition of debt obligations of the Russian Federation by the bank at the expense and on behalf of the client: Receipt of funds from a client under brokerage agreements for the purchase of securities and for payment of commission fees for an individual or legal entity; Transfer of funds for the purchase of debt obligations; Execution of operations at the RC of the organized securities market; At the same time, the reflection of the value of debt obligations for a depo account in off-balance sheet accounting; The commission is withheld in favor of the ORSB; Write-off of commission from bank clients for brokerage operations: Excluding VAT; VAT amount |
20202 | 30601 |
| Accounting for transactions on redemption (sale) of government securities | ||
| 4. Crediting of funds to the bank account for recording operations on the organized securities market at the cost of repayment | 30404 | 30408 |
| 5. Receipt of funds: From the sale of debt obligations from the bank's portfolio; At the same time, the write-off from the depository accounting of debt obligations |
30408 | 501 (04-05) |
| 6. Receipt of funds: From the sale of debt obligations of clients on their behalf; And at the same time, writing off debt obligations from depository accounting |
30408 | 30601 |
| 7. Transfer of monetary funds to the Organized Securities Market in the form of a commission for carrying out operations | 30408 | 30404 |
| 8. Crediting of funds to the bank account after completion of settlements based on the results of operations on the organized securities market | 30402 | 30404 |
| Accounting for urgent transactions for the purchase of securities by the bank | ||
| 9. The accounting of contracts for purchased securities is organized using the section of off-balance sheet accounts "urgent transactions": Cash transactions; For forward transactions |
932 (01-02) | 960 (01-02) |
| 10. Percentage of claims and liabilities on purchased securities on the day of the conclusion of the transaction or on the day of the change in official rates for the amount of differences between the rate of the transaction and the newly established rate: In the event of a positive exchange rate difference; In the event of a negative exchange rate difference |
97001 | 94001 |
| 11. Generation of unrealized income from securities purchase and sale transactions: With an increase in the price of securities; When the price of securities falls |
932 (01-02), 935 (01-10) 960 (01-02), 963 (01-10) |
97001, 97001 |
| 12. Generation of unrealized expenses on securities purchase and sale transactions: With the growth of the course; When the rate falls |
94001 | 960 (01-02), 963 (01-10) 932 (01-02), 935 (01-02) |
| 13. Execution of cash and urgent transactions: On the day of the maturity of the transaction and the execution of cash settlements, the closure of off-balance sheet accounts: For cash transactions; For forward transactions For the amount of a transaction in cash forward transactions |
960 (01-02) | 932 (01-02) |
| 14. Fulfillment of obligations for the supply of funds under cash forward transactions | 47407 | 30102, 30114 |
| 15. Receipt of securities: For cash forward transactions; Simultaneously, off-balance sheet accounting of purchased securities on depo accounts |
502-509 | 47408 |
| Accounting for urgent transactions for the sale of securities by the bank | ||
| 16. Accounting for contracts for the sale of securities: For cash transactions; For forward transactions |
932 (01-10) | 962 (01-10) |
| 17. Execution of cash or urgent transactions on the day of the maturity of the transaction and cash settlements: Closing off-balance sheet accounts for cash transactions; Closing off-balance sheet accounts for derivatives transactions; For the amount of cash and urgent transactions |
962 (01-10) | 932 (01-10) |
| 18. Delivery of securities under cash forward transactions, depending on the selling price of the securities: On the bank's income; For bank expenses |
47407 | 502-509 |
| 19. Receiving funds for cash and non-cash transactions: And at the same time writing off securities off-balance sheet |
30102, 30114 | 47408 |
New page 1
| Debit | Credit | |
| 1. Receipt of forms of debt obligations for implementation | 90701 | 99999 |
| 2. Implementation: Certificates of deposit; Own bills at par; Bonds at par; At the same time, the realized debt obligations of the bank are written off from off-balance sheet accounting |
30102, 405-408, 20202 30402, 42301, 20202 30102, 42301, 405-408 20202, 30102, 42301, 405-408 |
521 (01-06) |
| 3. Accrual of interest on all types of debt obligations | 52502 | 52501 |
| Repayment of debt obligations on time | ||
| 4. Transfer of the par value of debt obligations to the balance sheet accounts for accounting for debt obligations with expired circulation: Certificates of deposit; Savings certificates; Own bills; Bonds |
521 (01-06) | 52403 |
| 5. Transfer of accrued interest to the balance sheet account for accounting for interest on debt obligations with expired circulation: Savings certificates of deposit; By own bills; By bonds |
52501 | 52405 |
| 6. Off-balance sheet accounting of debt obligations presented for repayment | 90704 | 99999 |
| 7. Actual payment: For certificates of deposit and savings in the amount of par value; On deposits and certificates for the amount of interest; On own bills of exchange in the amount of par value and interest to individuals and legal entities; For bonds in the amount of par value; For bonds for the amount of interest |
52403, 52404 | 20202, 30102, 405-408
20202, 42301, 30102 20202, 42301, 30102 |
| 8. Assignment of the amount of interest paid to the bank's expenses | 70204 | 52502 |
| 9. Writing off off-balance sheet accounting of extinguished debt obligations | 99999 | 90704 |
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