House series 1 528 kp 3. Brick houses in the period of Khrushchev and Brezhnevka. Series and types

Series 1-528kp

The best quality houses are those with brick exterior walls. The brick series 1-528kp was actively built in the suburbs of Leningrad and in Leningrad itself. Found in every part of the city. You can find these houses in the Petrogradsky district. Most of them are in the Vyborgsky, Vasileostrovsky and Pushkinsky districts of St. Petersburg.
There are more than 300 houses in total. The nomenclature includes more than two dozen modifications of different heights from two to five, as well as the number of front doors from two to eight. Features: high-quality parquet, paneled doors and well-fitted window frames. But although here the higher ceilings (2.7m) areas and layouts betray their origin. Small kitchens and hallways, the presence of several adjacent rooms. The load-bearing walls of the house are longitudinal. In 1959 work was carried out to adjust the projects, as a result of which the adjusted projects received the KP index. The letters "K" in the codes of this project means "brick", "B" - balconies, "E" - "with bay windows", "C" - "with built-in social facilities on the ground floor", "M" - " with built-in shops on the ground floor. In a typical house of the 1-528KP series, the kitchen area was 5.1-6.6 square meters. m, living rooms - 8.6-19.1 sq. m. The total area of ​​​​a 1-room apartment is 30-32 square meters. m, 2-room apartment - 42-45 sq. m, 3-room - 52-55 sq. m. The apartments are only one-sided, 2- and 3-room apartments - with walk-through rooms.
The developer of the series is Lenproekt, 1957, architect N. I. Yakker.

Characteristics of the 1-528kp series:
House type - brick
Floors - 2-5
Height of living quarters - 250 cm
Apartments - 1,2,3 rooms
Producer - local building materials
Years of construction - 1959-1975
Distribution cities - St. Petersburg and the region, Veliki Novgorod.

Modifications of this series:

"The main modification of the series 1-528kp". Most houses in the house have balconies, but five-story houses often have bay windows instead. There are 4 apartments on each floor. There are a lot of serial configurations. Color - usually gray with red patches.

o 1-528knp-21: 3 floors, 2 front rooms and 24 apartments;

o 1-528knp-23: 3.3-1.3 floors, 3 front and 28 apartments with a non-residential ground floor in the outer sections;

o 1-528knp-22: 3 floors, 3 front rooms and 36 apartments;

o 1-528knp-22: 3 floors, 3 front rooms and 36 apartments with one end without balconies;

o 1-528knp-22: 3 floors, 3 front rooms and 36 apartments with one blind end;

o : 4 floors, 2 front rooms and 32 apartments;
Project passport 1-528kp-11;

o : 4-1 floor, 3 front rooms and 40 apartments; with non-residential premises on the ground floor;

o : 4-1 floor, 3 front and 44 apartments; with non-residential premises on the ground floor;
Project passport 1-528kp-12t;

o : 4 floors, 3 front rooms and 48 apartments;
Project passport 1-528kp-12;

o 1-528kp-12: 4 floors, 3 front rooms and 48 apartments with one end without balconies;

o : 4 floors, 4 front rooms and 64 apartments;
Project passport 1-528kp-13;

o 1-528kp-16: 4 floors, 6 front rooms and 96 apartments;

o : 5 floors, 2 front rooms and 40 apartments;
Project passport 1-528kp-1;

o : 5 floors, 3 front and 56 apartments with non-residential premises on the ground floor in the extreme front;
Project passport 1-528kp-2m;

o : 5 floors, 3 front and 60 apartments with balconies;
Project passport 1-528kp-2;

o : 5 floors, 3 front and 60 apartments with bay windows;
Project passport 1-528kp-2e;

o : 5 floors, 4 front and 60 apartments with modified facades and ends;

o : 5-1 floor, 4 front and 64 apartments with non-residential premises on the ground floor;
Project passport 1-528kp-3yu;

o : 5-1 floor, 4 front and 64 apartments with non-residential premises on the ground floor and large front windows;

o 1-528kp: 5 floors, 4 front rooms and 76 apartments with non-residential premises on the first floor in the outer front rooms;

o 1-528kp-3dk: 5 floors, 4 front rooms and 77 apartments with bay windows and non-residential premises in the last front door on the first floor;
Project passport 1-528kp-3dk;

o : 5 floors, 4 front and 80 apartments with balconies;
Project passport 1-528kp-3;

o : 5 floors, 4 front and 80 apartments with large front windows, with balconies;

o : 5 floors, 4 front and 80 apartments with bay windows;
Project passport 1-528kp-3e;

o : 5 floors, 4 front and 80 apartments with small apartments (with bay windows and balconies);

o 1-528kp-9: 5 floors, 4 front rooms and 80 apartments with small apartments (with balconies);

o 1-528kp: 5 floors, 4 front rooms and 80 apartments with balconies for the entire facade and window frames without vents (built after 1972);

o : 5 floors, 5 front rooms and 100 apartments;
Project passport 1-528kp-5e;

o 1-528kp-5: 5 floors, 5 front rooms and 100 apartments (with balconies);

o : 5 floors, 5 front and 100 apartments with large front windows (with balconies);

o: 5 floors, 5 front and 100 apartments with balconies for the entire facade and window frames without vents (built after 1972);

o: 5 floors, 5 front and 100 apartments with a reduced 3rd front;
Project passport 1-528kp-4;

o: 5 floors, 5 front rooms and 100 apartments with a reduced 3rd front door with large front windows, with balconies;

o 1-528kp-4: 5 floors, 5 front rooms and 100 apartments with a reduced 3rd front door (with balconies);

o : 5 floors, 5 front and 100 apartments with a reduced 3rd front (with balconies for two rooms and with different ends);

o : 5 floors, 5 front and 100 apartments with small apartments (with bay windows and balconies);

o : 5 floors, 5 front and 100 apartments with small apartments (with balconies);

o : 5 floors, 5 front and 100 apartments with small apartments, modified;

o: 5.5-1.5 floors, 6 front and 112 apartments;

o : 5 floors, 6 front rooms and 120 apartments;

o 1-528kp-8: 5 floors, 6 front rooms and 120 apartments (with balconies);

o : 5 floors, 7 front and 139 apartments with small apartments;

o : 5-1 floor, 8 front and 128 apartments with non-residential premises on the ground floor;

o : 5 floors, 8 front rooms and 159 apartments;

Brick has always been a strategic material in construction. In pre-revolutionary Petersburg, houses were built from it, which today we call the old fund, in Leningrad - stalin. Even during the years of mass building of new districts with Khrushchev and Brezhnevka buildings, almost a fifth of the residential buildings put into operation were brick. More than half of them were standard "serial" buildings, mainly the 528th series. But buildings were also erected according to individual projects.

Today, almost every fifth seller of an apartment in the secondary market designates the type of house as "brick." In most cases, we are talking about houses of "pre-market" construction, since, starting from the 1990s, mainly brick-monolithic houses were built in our city. According to the Center for Research and Analytics of the Bulletin of Real Estate Group of Companies, over the past year, apartments in brick houses in the secondary market have risen in price by 8.5% (for comparison: prices for apartments in the categories - leaders in price growth, in the "old panel" and " new panel”, increased by 10.5% and 10.7% respectively over the same period.

The most affordable apartments in brick houses of the Soviet period of construction are in suburban five-story buildings of the 528th series. Here prices start at 2.6 million rubles. (they are almost the same as in panel Khrushchevs). In urban areas, pricing is more complex, and prices are more dependent on location and surrounding infrastructure than on the type of home. But in general, a square meter of an apartment in a “serial” brick house is estimated at a sale by about 8-10% higher than in a panel house of a similar layout and the same period of construction.

Rationing versus individuality

The definition of "individual project" in relation to the buildings of the Brezhnev period is too loud. Among those during the period of mass housing standardization, one can single out new construction projects in areas of pre-revolutionary development, brick “insert houses” in areas built up by “ships”, as well as multi-access houses along main highways.

In the early 1970s, a unified catalog of building parts appeared, designed to put housing construction on stream. Never before in world practice rationing in housing construction has been so massive and merciless. Therefore, brick houses of that period differed from panel houses only in the material of the outer walls. They had the same elements of a "building kit" - standard window and door blocks, reinforced concrete ceilings and flights of stairs, as in panel houses, as well as modest kitchens and ceilings of 2.5 m. But the massive walls "ate" even without that limited space. Therefore, with the same planning volumes, living quarters in brick houses sometimes turned out to be cramped and narrower than in panel houses.

But there are no rules without exceptions. In the first half of the 1970s, when they began to design aerated concrete houses - "ships", block-sectional design principles came into practice, and the pace of designing typical corner sections lagged behind urban planning plans. Therefore, between the houses of the "six hundredth" series, brick "insert houses" were erected. And if there was a need to connect panel buildings at an oblique angle, non-standard apartments with spacious kitchens up to 16 square meters appeared in them. m and rooms up to 24 sq. m trapezoidal shapes or with five corners.

Brick five-story buildings on individual projects in the 1970s were actively built in the suburbs. Among these buildings there are housing construction houses with ceilings of 2.7 m, wide loggias with two windows, as well as mainly three- and four-room apartments. They were erected for the “northerners” who dreamed of moving to Leningrad by the time they retired and were already “stocking up” with cooperative apartments.

"Serial" brick: from two to sixteen floors

Today, many Petersburgers can proudly say that they live in a brick house of the 528th series. But speaking of the most massive series of houses made of ceramic or silicate bricks, consumers mean the most diverse in terms of construction period, layouts, and architecture of a house from two to sixteen floors. After all, the 528th series was built from the mid-1950s to the end of the 1990s and survived four generations of panel houses.

In the "Khrushchev" period in Leningrad built brick houses of series 1-528KP, 1-527 and 1-528KNP developed by LenZNIIEP for the northern climatic zone. Such residential buildings are found in almost all districts of St. Petersburg (even in Petrograd and Central), as well as in the suburbs (Pushkin, Pavlovsk). Arrays of five-story buildings of the 528th series are also located in the prestigious "Stalinist" quarters adjacent to Stachek Avenue, near the metro stations "Moskovskaya", "Park Pobedy", "Chernaya Rechka".

In St. Petersburg, the 528th series is mainly five-story houses, but in the suburbs there are two-, three- and four-story houses. High ceilings (height of living quarters 2.7 m), as well as bay windows, indicate that the design began even before Khrushchev's campaign to combat architectural "excesses". In later houses, the ceilings were “lowered” to 2.5 m. In one-room apartments, there are adjacent bathrooms, and bathtubs in such houses are of all sizes - from 120 cm seated to full-size 170 cm. At the same time, there are apartments with both gas water heaters and and with centralized hot water supply.

Series 1-528KNP - modification 1-528KP for rural areas. In St. Petersburg, such houses (from two to four floors) are most often found in the territories of state farms and small settlements absorbed by the city.

Selected (current) region - St. Petersburg (SPb) city

The highest quality are houses with exterior walls made of bricks (series 1-528). Brick series 1-528kp, active was built in the suburbs of Leningrad and in Leningrad itself. The nomenclature includes more than two dozen modifications of different heights from two to five, as well as the number of front doors from two to eight. Features: high-quality parquet, paneled doors and well-fitted window frames. But although here the higher ceilings (2.7m) areas and layouts betray their origin. Small kitchens and hallways, the presence of several adjacent rooms.

Characteristics of the 1-528kp series:
Type of house - brick
Floors - 2-5
Height of living quarters - 250 cm
Apartments - 1,2,3 rooms
Producer - local building materials
Years of construction - 1959-1975.
Distribution cities - St. Petersburg and the region, Veliki Novgorod.

Modifications of this series:

• 1-528kp10

"The main modification of the 1-528KP series". Most houses of the house have balconies, but sometimes, five-story houses have bay windows instead. There are 4 apartments on each floor. There are a lot of serial configurations. Color - usually gray with red patches.

Serial configurations:

• 1-528kp: 2 floors, 2 front rooms and 16 apartments;
• 1-528knp-21: 3 floors, 2 front rooms and 24 apartments;
• 1-528knp: 3.3-1.3 floors, 3 front and 28 apartments with a non-residential ground floor in the outer sections;
• 1-528knp-22: 3 floors, 3 front rooms and 36 apartments;
• 1-528knp-22: 3 floors, 3 front rooms and 36 apartments with one end without balconies;
• 1-528knp-22: 3 floors, 3 front rooms and 36 apartments with one blind end;
• 1-528kp-11: 4 floors, 2 front rooms and 32 apartments;
• 1-528kp: 4-1 floor, 3 front doors and 40 apartments; with non-residential premises on the ground floor;
• 1-528kp-12t: 4-1 floor, 3 front doors and 44 apartments; with non-residential premises on the ground floor;
• 1-528kp-12: 4 floors, 3 front rooms and 48 apartments;
• 1-528kp-12: 4 floors, 3 front rooms and 48 apartments with one end without balconies;
• 1-528kp-13: 4 floors, 4 front rooms and 64 apartments;
• 1-528kp: 4 floors, 6 front rooms and 96 apartments;
• 1-528kp-1: 5 floors, 2 front rooms and 40 apartments;
• 1-528kp-2m: 5 floors, 3 front rooms and 56 apartments with non-residential premises on the first floor in the outer front doors;
• 1-528kp-2: 5 floors, 3 front rooms and 60 apartments with balconies;
• 1-528kp-2e: 5 floors, 3 front rooms and 60 apartments with bay windows;
• 1-528kp-3yu: 5-1 floor, 4 front and 64 apartments with non-residential premises on the ground floor;
• 1-528kp-3yu: 5-1 floor, 4 front and 64 apartments with non-residential premises on the ground floor and large front windows;
• 1-528kp: 5.5-1 floor, 4 front and 72 apartments with non-residential premises on the first floor in the middle part of the building;
• 1-528kp: 5 floors, 4 front rooms and 60 apartments with modified facades and ends;
• 1-528kp: 5 floors, 4 front rooms and 76 apartments with non-residential premises on the ground floor in the outer front rooms;
• 1-528kp-3: 5 floors, 4 front rooms and 80 apartments with balconies;
• 1-528kp-3: 5 floors, 4 front rooms and 80 apartments with large front windows with balconies;
• 1-528kp-3e: 5 floors, 4 front rooms and 80 apartments with bay windows;
• 1-528kp: 5 floors, 4 front rooms and 80 apartments with small apartments (with bay windows and balconies);
• 1-528kp: 5 floors, 4 front rooms and 80 apartments with small apartments (with balconies);
• 1-528kp: 5 floors, 4 front rooms and 80 apartments with balconies for the entire facade and window frames without vents (built after 1972);
• 1-528kp-5e: 5 floors, 5 front rooms and 100 apartments;
• 1-528kp-5: 5 floors, 5 front rooms and 100 apartments (with balconies);
• 1-528kp-5: 5 floors, 5 front rooms and 100 apartments with large front windows (with balconies);
• 1-528kp-59: 5 floors, 5 front rooms and 100 apartments with balconies for the entire facade and window frames without vents (built after 1972);
• 1-528kp-4: 5 floors, 5 front rooms and 100 apartments with a reduced 3rd front door;
• 1-528kp-4: 5 floors, 5 front rooms and 100 apartments with a reduced 3rd front door (with balconies);
• 1-528kp: 5 floors, 5 front rooms and 100 apartments with a reduced 3rd front door (with balconies for two rooms and with different ends);
• 1-528kp-10e: 5 floors, 5 front rooms and 100 apartments with small apartments (with bay windows and balconies);
• 1-528kp: 5 floors, 5 front rooms and 100 apartments with small apartments (with balconies);
• 1-528kp: 5 floors, 5 front rooms and 100 apartments with small apartments, modified;
• 1-528kp: 5.5-1.5 floors, 6 front doors and 112 apartments;
• 1-528kp: 5 floors, 6 front rooms and 120 apartments;
• 1-528kp: 5 floors, 6 front rooms and 120 apartments (with balconies);
• 1-528kp-6e: 5 floors, 7 front rooms and 139 apartments with small apartments;
• 1-528kp: 5-1 floor, 8 front and 128 apartments with non-residential premises on the ground floor;
• 1-528kp: 5 floors, 8 front rooms and 159 apartments;
• 1300: 5 floors, dorms;
• 1-528kp: 5 floors, non-standard configurations;
• 1-528kp: 6 floors, 3 or 4 front doors;
• 1-528kp (front) "Front" modification of the 1-528KP series. Floors - always 5-1 (the first floor is given over to shops). The balconies on the rear facade are L-shaped and are located only at the corners of the house. Such houses usually stand on major highways and on this side of the house, and stand on such streets. The color is a cross between gray and pink.

• 1-528kp-3b: 5-1 floors, 4 front and 64 apartments with large front windows and no balconies on the facades;
• 1-528kp-3b: 5-1 floors, 4 front and 64 apartments with large front windows, with balconies on the front facade and at the ends;
• 1-528kp-3bs: 5-1 floors, 4 front and 64 apartments with front windows on the rear facade and with balconies on the front facade;
• 1-528kp-3s: 5-1 floor, 4 front and 64 apartments with front windows on the rear facade and with balconies on both facades;
• 1-528kp-5b: 5-1 floors, 5 front and 80 with large front windows and with L-shaped balconies only in the rear facade;
• 1-528kp: 5-1 floors, 5 front and 80 apartments with large front windows, with balconies on the front facade and on the ends;
• 1-528kp-5bs: 5-1 floor, 5 front and 80 with front windows on the rear facade and with balconies on both facades;

List of houses of the series in the region St. Petersburg (SPb) city:

Zaporizhzhya - 15, Zaporizhzhya - 7, Zaporizhzhya - 9, Piskarevsky - 143, Zheleznovodskaya - 35, Canary - 12, Bering - 26k2, Kartashikhina - 15, Zheleznovodskaya - 44, Zheleznovodskaya - 48, Zheleznovodskaya - 52, Zheleznovodskaya - 31, Zheleznovodskaya - 56, Pulkovskoe - 34k1, Novorossiysk - 46 k.1, Kostroma - 57, Orbeli - 12, Torez - 90, Metallurgists - 13, School - 1, School - 8, School - 6, School - 4, School - 2, School - 11, School - 14, School - 12, School - 10, Stachek - 118, Kazan (Malaya Okhta) - 7,

Khrushchevs are five-story buildings that were built during the reign of N.S. Khrushchev. Not without brick Khrushchev - a series that determine the features of each house.

Such high-rise buildings are notable for the fact that they absolutely lack such household parts as an attic, a garbage chute and an elevator. Such houses were often built in areas with developed infrastructure and near transport interchanges, and the price of apartments in them is very low.

Construction period

The main construction of such houses was carried out in the period from 1959 to 1985. In Leningrad, the last brick Khrushchev building was completed in the 1970s. Then they were replaced by houses, popularly referred to as "ship houses".

In general, about 290 million square meters were built in Russia. m of total area, which is approximately 10% of the total housing stock that the country has. Such extensive construction has become a mainstay of urban trends, as well as significantly improving the living conditions of many people.

Main parameters of houses

The main parameters of Khrushchev:

1. Such high-rise buildings mainly contain one- and two-room apartments;
2. The ceiling in each apartment has a height of 2.48 m;

Note!
This cannot boast of apartments in brick houses, starting from the second floor.
After all, their height is reduced by 0.2 m.

1. It also contains apartments with a combined or separate bathroom, very unreliable soundproofing of the walls and the absence of an elevator.

Bearable and unbearable

Unbearable series

The buildings belonging to the first series were a temporary solution to the problem of housing shortages. Their operation was not supposed to last more than 25 years.

Note!
As practice shows, many of them are still inhabited by guests.

Houses of non-demolished series have an estimated resource of 50 years. However, studies of such structures carried out a little later showed that their resource can increase up to 150 years if major repairs are carried out in the house in a timely manner.

Series and types

There are several series of houses from the time of Khrushchev, according to which a brick five-story building was built: series I-528, II-28, I-513, I-511, II-34, II-14, II-20, Mm1-3.

Table of series of brick Khrushchev houses and years of their construction

I-528 series houses

It is believed that the houses of the I-528 series are of the highest quality:

• in such;
• they were also built using high-quality parquet, paneled doors and well-fitted window frames;
• the same houses have ceilings greater than usual, height -2.7 meters;
• however, from their small living space and characteristic layout, their origin can still be easily determined.

liquid housing

Often, many series of brick houses of 5 floors were built by entire microdistricts. Often such houses were built at once on several pieces on the street.

Since then, the courtyards with similar houses have been greatly transformed: tall trees and various shrubs have grown in them.

Interior

In Khrushchev's apartments of a small area, it is very interesting to implement even the most original design ideas, the main idea of ​​which is to give a limited area as much functionality as possible:

• some people carry out redevelopment of the kitchen, combining it with the next room;

• someone demolishes the pantry, thereby making the bedroom a little larger;
• someone demolishes absolutely all the partitions inside the apartment with their own hands, turning it into a studio apartment;
• also sometimes two apartments are bought at once on two floors of one riser and a single two-level apartment is made.

Thus, according to many residents, "Khrushchev" are comfortable housing.

Project Features

The first projects of Khrushchev-era houses contained references to tiled or slate roofs, but already differed in their characteristic layout. However, in those days there was a widespread campaign to combat architectural excesses.

The unspoken instruction followed by the party workers contained the statement to reduce the cost of building such a house as much as possible. Therefore, all the following projects of such five-story buildings already differed in much cheaper flat bituminous roofs.

For the same reason, any elements of stucco molding or other decorative finishes typical of Stalinist high-rise buildings were rejected by Khrushchev projects.

Khrushchev refrigerator

Entering the kitchen in the apartment of a brick Khrushchev house, you can find a built-in wardrobe under the window. It is intended for food storage.

Due to the fact that the thickness of the outer wall in such a cabinet is only half a brick, and sometimes this wall also contains an eternally open hole, in winter such a cabinet can be used as a refrigerator.

The apartments themselves in Khrushchev in the winter are characterized by a rather low temperature due to poor thermal insulation of the walls. Therefore, such houses are also popularly called “Khrushchev refrigerators”.

Conclusion

We talked about Khrushchev, built of brick. We hope that our information and recommendations will be useful for you and you will be able to choose the right option for an apartment.