Monetary unit India course. The course of Indian rupees to the ruble, dollar, euro. Brief history of India
For a long time in India there was no overall monetary unit. For the first time, the National Currency of India is Indian Rupee (translated from Sanskrit "Chekhannaya Silver") - appeared only in 1542 at the Board of Sher-Shah, and this coin weavila almost 12. Since then, Indian rupees have begun everywhere to be used outside of India. Today, they enjoy in several countries of the world, among which the Maldives, Sri Lanka and Indonesia.
Brief history of India
The Republic of India is the state of South Asia, located on the Indian Ocean Peninsula near the Indian Ocean. India is the heiress of the Harappa civilization. The first states began to appear here from 2 halves of 1 thousand to n. e. Depending on the existing rulers, India at different times was called the state of Maurev, Pages and even the Delia Sultanat.
India's economy was based on agriculture, cattle breeding and craft. It was the Indians who were the first in history that began to grow cotton on the fields and produce threads from it to produce fabrics. Thanks to the trade in cotton canvases were established economic relations with other countries. Ancient India supported trade relations with many states. For example, it is just known that the goods brought along the dry and sea route from China, Afghanistan and Burma. The main trade objects were cotton fabrics, precious decorations and miniature figures from metals and ivory and grain.
One can only guess how the history of India would have begun if it was for her shores in 1497, the ships of the famous Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama did not fit. From the 16th century, India began to gradually conquer European colonialists - Portuguese, Dutch, French and the British. As a result of a long struggle for domination in the mid-19th century, India began to belong to the UK.
Independence found only after World War II, in 1947, losing a part of its territory - Pakistan. And in 1950, India was officially recognized as a republic.
Nominal Indian Rupee
India Monetary Unit - Indian Rupee. 1 Rupee is 100 Paies. In circulation are:
- banknotes Rate 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 rupees of different annual releases;
- coins dignity 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 pauses; 1, 2, 5 and 10 rupees.
Banknotes of the same nominal may be different: this is not a fake, but various modifications of the same bills. Despite this, all paper money has a common mandatory element - the image of Mahatma Gandhi. Banknotes can be issued in honor of certain people or important events. What looks like, for example, modern bills with a par value of 10 rupees, can be viewed in fig. one.
For several centuries, several types of Indian rupees (Bengalskaya, Bombay, Maduraskaya) used in India, while in 1835, after the loss of maintenance independence, the Unified Standard of Silver Rupee was not introduced throughout India. Then Rupee over time lost its value and distinctive look. The first English king depicted on this coin was Wilhelm IV.
At first, Indian rupees were made only from silver, then from gold. In the end, in 1924, a silver standard began to operate in India. So, in February 1920, one rupee corresponded to 2 shillings and 8 pens. Since 1924, the course was established at the level of 1 rupee - 18 pence (1 shilling and 6 pence), which corresponded to 0.549179 g of pure gold.
Indian Rupee rate for today
Course indian rupee Depends on the course american dollar and euro. Abbreviated it is indicated by INR. To calculate the course of Indian rupee in relation to the ruble, take as the basis of the data on March 12, 2016:
- 1 Inr \u003d 0.015 $
- 1 Inr \u003d 0,013 EUR
- 1 $ \u003d 70,31 RUB
- 1 EUR \u003d 74.9 RUB
If you take a calculator into the hands, you can easily calculate that in relation to the dollar 1 Inr \u003d 0, 015 × 70.31 \u003d 1.05 RUB, and relative to Euro 1 InR \u003d 0.013 × 74.9 \u003d 0.97 RUB . The course of Indian Rupee is almost equal to the ruble rate, and often even falls below. If we consider that banks do not change money equal, it may turn out that it is still unprofitable to ride India with our rubles. Therefore, it is better to translate them into dollars or euros in Russia. When exchanging dollars and euros for Indian rupees you will get:
1 $ \u003d 67.15 InR, 1 EUR \u003d 74.9 INR. And when exchanging our rubles (without banking Commission): 1 RUB \u003d 0.96 INR.
- 1 INR (1 Indian Rupee) \u003d 1.05 RUB
- 1 Inr \u003d 0.015 $
- 1 Inr \u003d 0,013 EUR
- 1 Inr \u003d 0, 015 CHF (Swiss Frank)
- 1 Inr \u003d 0.01 GBR (pound sterling used on the Falkland Islands)
- 1 Inr \u003d 1.69 JPY (Japanese Yena)
- 1 Inr \u003d 0.39 UAH (Ukrainian hryvnia)
- 1 Inr \u003d 5.12 KZT (Kazakhstan Tenge)
- 1 Inr \u003d 307,29 BYR (Belarusian ruble)
The first money in India was metal coins made of copper or silver. The first banknotes appeared much later, in 1861. At the same time, until 1949, there was money from France, England, Spain, Pakistan in circulation in Indian Territory. And only two years after independence, in 1949 their own money appeared in India.
The monetary unit in India, according to Indian law, is rupee. One rupee is equivalent 100 Paiis.
For various events and events in the country, anniversary coins and banknotes are sometimes produced.
Once in India, bills were released with a face value of 0 rupees, which, of course, was impossible to pay. They were a kind of symbol of combating corrupt officials.
Nominal monetary units
C 1996. Reserve Bank India released:
- banknotes 7 Nominal: 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 rupees
- and coins 6 denominations: 10 Pans, 25 Puns, 50 Puns, 1 rupees, 2 rupees, 5 rupees
Rupee is indicated by the icon RS.. It is worth noting that the banknote of the same nominal may have a different appearance. These are not fakes, different modifications of the same banknote are simply produced. For the issue of money is responsible for a reserve bank. Recently, bills are issued with ever more reliable protection.
Import and export Indian rupees is prohibited, and foreign currency You can import and export without restrictions.
Material and Exterior Money
All coins have a round shape. Make coins most often from steel or aluminum. All coins depict the Indian coat of arms.
The banknote has one distinguishing sign: they all contain an image on the obverse Mahatma Gandhi. And they differ in color and images on the reverse.
On the 5-Rupeiyeu bill is depicted a man who plows the land tractor in the field at sunrise. The bill is made in greenish shades.
At 10 Roupeiye orange bills depicted: lever tiger, rhino and symbol of India - elephant. 
An exotic Indian landscape is located on a banknote in 20 rupees: palm trees, sea, clouds. The bill has reddish shades. 
50 rupees - lilac color, it depicts the India Parliament Building. 
At bills 100 rupees depicted mountain peaks. That is why the banknote is made in blue colors. 
A group of people whom leads M.Gali is depicted on the semi-piano bill. Yellow bills. 
On the red bill, the dignity of 1000 rupees depicts the symbols of industry and households of the country. Where and how best to exchange money in india
Having arrived in India, you will definitely be asked to exchange currency. This is a very important question.
Note that it is necessary to change currency only in specialized places:
- in the bank (there you will need a passport for exchanging),
- in the airoport,
- in exchange offices.
In India, many institutions may have problems with the surrender from large banks. Therefore, when exchanging can be asked to make part of the amount to you with small bills. Do not forget to check the appearance of bills and recalculate cash, without departing from the exchange site.
Bring better dollars Since their everywhere can be exchanged and at a more favorable course.
Remember that you should not exchange currency where you suggests to exchange a taxi driver or hotel administrator: You can exchange money at a disadvantageous course or to lose them at all.
When exchanging money or removal in an ATM, always take and save the receipt. She can come in handy when exchanging rupees for other money, if at the end of the trip you will spend not all rupees.
You can bring money both in cash and on plastic cards. Road checks should not be used, this method has already outlived itself, and simply is not safe.
If you decide to use the card, then check with your bank before traveling if your card is served in India.
It will be reasonable to take with you the cards of two systems: Visa and Mastercard.because Any ATMs receive only MasterCard cards, and some - Visa.
Use the best card with the chip: it is possible to use it only with the introduction of the PIN code, which, in turn, is safer.
If it happens that you will lose your card, call your bank immediately and block it.
Most ATMs have employees. They can clarify whether an ATM accepts your card or not. This information is usually written on the ATMs themselves.
In India, there are quite a few ATMs that only Indian Cards accept.
Carefully read notifications on the ATM screen. Some ATMs take a commission for accessing foreign account. To avoid this, take advantage of some other ATM.
By the bank card you can also pay for purchases in many stores of India. But at the same time, a small commission is usually charged.
Multicurrency bank card Tinkoff for a trip to India
In the yard 2020, which means that monetary operations Abroad are becoming easier and easier, including in India.
Today, the most optimal method Use money in Goa is to use it multicurry bank card Tinkoff Black.
The action plan is:
- We go to the site https://www.tinkoff.ru/, we leave an application for receipt tinkoff cards Black. It will have a main ruble account and additional accounts in those currencies that you need.
- After 2-3 days, the courier comes to the address you specified and gives you a map.
- Through the app or Internet bank to the map tie an account in Indian rupees.
- From the main ruble account, transfer the amount you need into account in rupees.
- Before traveling to India (through an application or Internet bank), make a rupee account by the main.
All is ready! Now you can pay and / or make money in any ATMs of India, bypassing currency conversion.
For security reasons, specify the dates of the trip so that the bank is aware of and not blocked access when you will conduct cash over the border.
To replenish a ruble account without commission, you can bind a Sberbank card.
Multicurry service debit card Tinkoff Black costs 99 rubles. per month or for free in the following cases:
- The contribution to at least 50 thousand rubles has been opened
- The map lies an uncompanable balance of 30 thousand rubles
Very about who discovered India?
Thus, in all major tourist cities, we will take advantage of the card and exchange currency will not be difficult. ATMs and exchange points there are literally at every step. But in small towns and villages it is better to have cash with them, mostly small nominal.
The most important question that visits travelers when planning a trip to Goa: Currency. Indeed to calculate the travel budget and not get to be asked to arrive in India, the nuances of the money market is better to study in advance. Fresh currency exchange rate in Goa is available almost on all thematic sites, including on the official pages of Central Bank. It is updated daily and approximate how much easy to take with it. It is more difficult to determine what money is more convenient to use: Cash or on plastic cards?
What currency in goa
The official currency of India, the only permitted in circulation, Indian rupees. In international classification, they have an INR designation.
All paper money in Goa on one side has an image of Mahatma Gandhi. Nominal: 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 2000 rupees.
In November 2016, reform was carried out: banknotes of 500 and 1000 rupees of the old sample were derived from the turnover. The situation with the monetary market at that time was quite restless, and for tourists even critical: huge queues, overnight the coming collapse in cash calculations. News that broadcast the performance of the Prime Minister of India practically stopped the work of the banking system.
At the moment, the problem has not yet been exhausted. Experienced tourists recommend not to change the entire currency at the rupees at once and try not to take large money in exchanger. Because the only opportunity to pay frequently cash dollars. Despite the fact that their walking in India is outside the official cash turnover.
What currency to take in goa
580 * 400 Goa 13 block
Currency that will provide you with relative calm on Goa - dollars. Just in case, stock banknotes of different nominal rates. They are taken not only exchangers and banks. Taxi drivers, guides, shop owners willingly take dollars to pay. Of course, it is officially prohibited, but money turnover In India, it is largely echoing with domestic.
The euro here is in smaller thanks, that is, to pay freely, unlike dollars it will not be possible. But change them easily.
Arriving from the countries of Southeast Asia, you will not be left without money. In addition to dollars and euros in exchangers, currencies of neighboring states can be changed.
If you prefer to pay plastic card, Consider, in Goa Trade and the scope of services is almost entirely focused on cash. Cities here are small. ATMs in Goa are at all resorts, but they do not always work smoothly: money ends in the most unpredictable moment.
It is impossible to project for the future, but in November 2016 there was a strict restriction on cash withdrawal - up to 2.0-2.5 thousand rupees at a time. At the moment, it is allowed to shoot no more than 10.0 thousand rupees. It is not a fact that such a situation will not happen again in November 2018.
Currency exchange
The exchange of rupees on Goa will not be difficult. The staff is fully focused on tourists. The only difficulty is the course. He is everywhere different. Even taxi drivers will take the currency in their own way, only an affordable course. Everywhere, with the exception of banks and official exchangers, be sure to trample.
Rupence rate in relation to solid currencies for Indians is a tensile concept. It depends even on the nominal value of the money.
Where it is better to change money on goa
Arriving in Goa, the first encouragement of the tourist will change currency at the airport. It is logical, especially since you need to somehow get to the point of destination, which means to get a rupee. It is important not to make mistakes and not change the entire cash on the local currency at once: the dollar rate at the airport is robbery.
Change exactly as much as you need to travel to your chosen hotel or village on the coast. The amount needed by taxi can be clarified at the prepayment rack. Taxi drivers will be eagerly taken in dollars, only be sure to tramble. This money will be enough for a couple of days of a comfortable life in Goa, so it is better to choose a route by public transport. No more than 100 rupees will be needed for buses with multiple transfers.
Good dollar rate will be given to you in travel agencies. Their offers are in all coastal villages and cities. In Mordzhim, you can even exchange rubles on rupees. Course floating. On average, it is 1: 1. As an option in Goa, there are agents that take transfers to the cards of Russian banks and outstanding cash rupees immediately.
Exchangers sometimes do not agree to change banknotes with a par value of less than $ 100 or make an additional markdown. For Goa, this is in the order of things.
ATMs in Goa
In India, near the ATM, it is possible to detect colorful protection in the form of an Indian soldier with full uniforms with rare samples of firearms.
ATMs in Goa are slightly different from ours. The card is read without absorbing inside. The menu is simple and understandable, in English. Accept MasterCard and Visa.
Alternative to ATMs offer the same travel agencies. Most of them have a Cash-Advance service. However, this is not safe, it is better to rebuild and change money.
ATMs in Goa without commission
Rent cash in Goa through an ATM without a commission is unlikely to succeed. Because the network atm State Bank India (SBI), as well as the Bank of India (BOI) and Canara Bank, where guaranteed will not additional expenses On withdrawal, do not cover the needs of tourists: they have a lot of departments, and ATMs are not very.
Experienced travelers are recommended to carefully examine the tariffs of the issuer's bank. As a rule, they all take either the Commission or a fixed percentage. Cash with MasterCard will be cheaper than with visa cards. Size in the range of 90-150 rubles.
Depending on how the Indian Bank owns an ATM, you can write off an additional commission with you. The most common ATMs of ICICI, HDFC, and Axis and they make tourists poorer about 200 rupees from the transaction. Although they warn about it before your final consent to hold it.
Do not agree to a direct exchange in rubles from the card: the commercial course will become a real shock. Much calmer to carry out a transaction through an intermediate exchange for dollars.
Collapse monetary reformFounded in November 2016, despite the assurances from the beginning of the year, to remove restrictions, continues until now. Due to the huge number of rupees of the old sample in the hands of the population, no guarantees that the printing press will cope with the load in the near future, no. Although the new season, which will begin in November 2018, the situation should exhaust itself.
Please note that experienced travelers advise:
- Restriction on the removal of cash with cards in some ATMs is about 10 thousand rupees. Take a few different cards with you, if you do not want to take dollars with you. Keep them in different places so as not to lose airbags.
- Carefully inspect the money. Do not use official Course Dollar when exchanging on bills of old sample. Travel. Experienced travelers recommend to take at least 100 rupees for 1 dollar. This is due to the fact that when calculating the markets, in the sequins or cafes, old money is taken with a large discount.
- Change the dollars in advance of the big nominal nominal. It is very optimal option For calculations, not yet oriented.
Take a currency or card each decides itself. For a short trip for a couple of weeks, you can take dollars with you. For long-term accommodation, plastic fits better: it is easier to carry it with me, and not worry about your money.
Gathering on Goa, monitor the situation with the monetary market. This season is not to wait for news, but in the new, which will begin in November 2018, the next innovations are not excluded.
An interesting and original development history has Indian rupee. Coins in the distant Middle Ages began to be minted under the leadership of the ruler of Shera-Shaha, who understood that it was from them that the development of the country's economy depends. The first of them were 40 pieces of copper - Paies. Their weight has a little exceeded 11.5 grams. At first, Rupee was round. But with Shah Akbar, namely, he began to actively popularize the monetary unit of India, the coins acquired a rectangular form: they were written on blessings and wishes. Often rupees received registered names in honor of the rich nobles.
The course of Indian rupee initially was very high, and the coins were distinguished by excellent quality. But it was observed before the formation of an English colonial state in India. After this event, the loss of the independence of independence - Rupee also lost its original and original look. Faces of the English kings began to appear on its parties. The first depicted the monarch Wilhelm IV.
Development of a monetary unit
Indian rupees have become fully unified in 1835. After 30 years, the so-called government rupee was officially introduced into circulation, a new division was established: one coin was 64 PAYS. But this did not affect the fortress of the local currency: already in 1883 the period of the rapid depreciation of the currency came. They said that the silver standard was the reason for this. Like, if coins are chosen from gold, they are always able to remain competitive.
In 1947, India was freed from the government of Great Britain. From this period, the new stage of development of rupees starts: the country began to release banknotes. Paper bills were before, but they did not use such stunning popularity. In the second half of the 20th century, the currency began to acquire an interesting species, "figure out" strong elements of protection. Nowadays, Rupee is in active everyday life in India. On the territory of the state there is an excellent museum where all copies of a monetary unit are collected: from the moment of their creation to this day.
Modern currency
Nowadays currency unit largely depends on the American currency. Indian rupee to the dollar, as well as to the euro and the ruble correlates according to the digital values \u200b\u200band the framework that the financial situation is affected in the state and world economy generally. It is indicated by the RS icon. Banknotes of the same nominal may be different: this is not a fake, but various modifications of the same bills. Despite this, all paper money has a common mandatory element - an image of Mahatma Gandhi. Banknotes can be issued in honor of certain people or important events. For example, on the turn of 500 rupees - a picture of a salt hike, episode of the struggle of the people against colonial taxes. Instead, the largest monetary unit of the country is a thousand rupees - is dedicated to the Indian economy.
Indian Rupee Currency is often modified. Modern coins They found a round shape again, just make them in our days from aluminum. At all, the national coat of arms of the powers - the capture of the column decorated with three lions, he led the state in the third century to our era.
Degree of protection
Indian rupees have a whole system of elements that protect them from mass falsifications. One of the degrees of protection is a watermark made in the form of a portrait of Mahatma Gandhi. He is visible if you look at the banknote against the light. Covers also have a so-called diving that manifests itself with bright lighting as a dark continuous strip. In addition, the RBI microelerant is on the monetary unit, to see which is possible only with a multiple increase, as well as the hidden picture, noticeable only at a certain angle.
Among other degrees of protection are special tactile signs, embossed printing, original serial number and combining image. Banknotes are painted with special paint, which contains optically variable pigmentation, which changes the palette depending on the viewing angle and the lighting force. UV elements are also available: colored fibers and luminescent substances that transform shade under the action of ultraviolet rays.
Exchange
If you decide to spend your vacation in India, you will definitely be asked about where and how best to exchange for local ones. Financial operation can be carried out directly at the airport upon arrival. But the experienced tourists do not advise this to do: Indian rupee to the ruble in these points is on a slightly low price level. That is, you can lose a little on the exchange. In addition, you can fool you: India is an eastern country on the very outskirts of Asia, where counterfeiters are actively operating. As for the exchange of money, which you suggest seemingly decent hotel administrators or taxi drivers, then such actions are also fraught with the loss of blood earned. Run from them, as from the plague.
The course of Indian Rupee is the most profitable for the traveler in the bank. There are still exchange offices, but they need to be addressed only as a last resort. When conducting a financial transaction, make sure that you do not allow too large banknotes. With such bills, you are waiting for extra difficulties in paying services and goods: here the sellers never have surrender.
Card system
Indian rupees can be obtained not only when exchanging "living" money, but also with removal from plastic card. Instead, it is not recommended to use: this method is far from safe, and has long been outrived. If the choice stopped on the card, it will be reasonably before the trip to go to your bank and clarify all the important nuances: whether a plastic device in India is serviced, which difficulties can occur. Ask your manager and about possible restrictions and bonuses.
In the exotic Eastern country it is better to grab cards international Systems: MasterCard and Visa. You can take advantage of them not only in ATMs near financial institutions, but also in large shopping centers, airports, hotels. Having lost a card, do not despair: immediately call your bank so that it is immediately blocked it. The card is better stored in the hotel's room in a special safe. Cases of theft in India often happen, and even personnel of your hotel can go for a crime. Especially if you see that you are the Gold Card Winner.
ATMs
Removing money with these devices, you pay the commission. Its size is similar to a contribution that is tightened in foreign banks upon receipt of funds. This is usually 1% of the final amount. At the same time, the Commission can not be less than 3 dollars. It turns out that than more money You will remove, the more profitable you will cost you. There will be no need to constantly run towards ATM, every time losing a fairly decent amount.
In India there are some limitations. For example, more than 20 thousand rupees will not be removed. In banks there are also a strict framework relating to the daily amount issued. Be sure to keep all checks after the operations performed. They will come up with the inverse exchange of rupees on foreign currency, when buying tickets at tickets for tourists, as well as during other important manipulations. By the way, there are ATMs in the country that "retract" banknotes back if you did not take them within 30 seconds after the operation is completed.
Exchange rate
Many travelers argue that the most beneficial to exchange dollars in India. The American currency is very valued by the local population: it is taking not only serious hunting. financial institutions, but also minor traders in the market. Indian rupee to the dollar today remains in this ratio: 1: 0.01. That is, in one dollar you can buy 68 rupees. To navigate: there is so much about a liter of gasoline in this country. For ten dollars it will turn out to take a modest room in the hotel: daily accommodation in a two-star hotel costs from 600 rupees.
Indian rupee to the euro is at a similar price level. The banknote of a single nominal value is 0.01 European currency. You can exchange for 74 rupees: it is seven minutes call home from the card mobile operator of this country. As for domestic money, the range in which Indian rupee to the ruble is, the following: 1: 1,2. For one ruble you can buy only 0.83 rupees. When exchanging money, do not forget to recalculate them and check the appearance of banknotes for the possible damage.
A long period of time of its existence of India was under control different countries. Mostly it concerns England. This fact imposed a serious imprint on many different elements, including what the currency of India became ultimately.
History of origin
In fact, the first mentions of the country's monetary units are dating 1542. Many travelers are interested in what is called official currency India. The answer is very simple: since its appearance, these funds were called "Rupee", which literally translates simply as "chased silver". Subsequently, the name was taken, and it was this unit that became the main payment instrument in the country.
After establishing the British influence in this region, in 1677, the first Rupee was released, which was minted by the East Indian company. In general, many years (and even centuries) in the territory of the current India there were several options for such payments, each of which had its own, unique cost. Since the 1835th and ending in 1893, a special silver standard for unified rupees acted in this region. Legivation was enshrined that any person who possesses silver can come to the mint and exchange it to the appropriate number of rupees, which, again, were minted from silver.
Gradually, as the situation in the world affecting the world, the Second World War and subsequent crises deteriorates, initially had a considerable value of the monetary unit more and more depreciated. Now the currency of India is quite cheap, in one dollar you can buy about 60 rupees. And this is despite the fact that in 1947 the ratio was 1 to 3.3, that is, in three integers and three tenths of rupees could have been buying one US dollar.
Banknotes of India
Just as the official currency of India is called, the banknotes manufactured by this country are referred to. Paper money is printed regularly, but old series are not withdrawn and have equal to contemporary bills walking. That is why absolutely different appearance And its protection for fakes paper may have the same purchasing power. Many cost options are produced, ranging from 1 rupee and ending with thousands. Each such payment unit looks pretty colorful and bright, and the main ones used when printing bills - ocher or olive.
Coins of India
Most of the period that has experienced the currency of India, there have been many options for various coins in the country, but the most common is silver rupee, golden fluff and copper pieces. Gold coins were not accepted as a means of means, but they were actively used for accumulation. In accordance with the law, in one mukhra there was exactly the same gold as in the same silver rushed. In turn, in one rupee, there was 16 double pieces, 64 ordinary or 192 "half". As mentioned, all pays were made of copper. It is because of such a diversity, as well as given the fact that the double pieces were called the Anna, and the half of Paisa - Payem, and was a natural emergence of the question of how the currency of India is called. It should be noted that at the moment there are coins with advantage from 10 points to five rupees.
The national currency of India was a rather peculiar payment facility, especially at the first time, until 1957, when, finally, a decimal calculus system was adopted for the remaining countries. So, for example, in 1916, one rupee cost sixteen English pence, and herself shared the same sign on 16 Ann. Each Anna, in turn, was divided into four pieces, and each Pais is three Paia. In general, for a modern person is not a very comfortable and understandable system, which, however, almost half a thousand was the main in the region. Another rather expected, but not less interesting fact: Absolutely on all bills of India depicts a portrait of the greatest citizen of this country for all the time of its existence - Mahatma Gandhi.
RESULTS
Despite all the attempts of the government, each year of India's currency is all cheaper and cheaper in relation to the dollar. In principle, all the same can be said about any other payment facility, as world wars, and then financial crises, one way or another, but had a significant impact on everything without exception. Nevertheless, lately, the situation begins at least a bit, but to correct. For example, if in 2013 for one US dollar one could buy 68 rupees, then as of 2015 - already about sixty. Given the fact that before this, the payment remedy has steadily lost its price, the holding of such positions is already in itself a huge achievement that should not be underestimated.
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