Rupees in India. Rupees - the currency of India. Interesting facts and why it can not be exported from the country. Modern changes in national currency

Indian Rupee - National Currency of India, bank code INR. India is the first country in the world in which the money circulation has appeared. Rupee translated from d ...

Currency in India: photo, title, history and development, ruble course

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India's currency - Indian rupee, is in circulation from the 15th century. As a settlement unit also applies in Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Seychelles and Mauritius. Currently, the ratings of banknotes that are in circulation - 2000, 1000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5 rupees. In circulation of coins with a nominal 5, 2 and 1 rupee.

What currency in India

Indian Rupee - National Currency, Banking Code INR. India is the first country in the world in which the money circulation has appeared. Rupee translated from ancient Sanskrit means "chased silver". This name has taken root and so far the currency of India is rupee.

Photo currency

Currently, the ratings of banknotes that are in circulation:

• Covers in 2000 and 1000 rupees.

• Rate of 500 and 100 rupees.

• 50 rupees.

• Covers in 20 rupees.

• Banknote Nominal in 10 rupees.

• Covers in 5 rupees.

In circulation of coins with a nominal 5, 2 and 1 rupee.

History

It is believed that the first rupee was released during the reign of Sher-Shah in 1542, but the greatest distribution, as a form of payment, received during the reign of the Mongolian Emperor Akbar. He ruled the country from 1555 to 1605. From the beginning of the launch in production and before the establishment of India, the colony of Great Britain, the production technology of rupees remained unchanged. Coins were produced only from pure silver. For the workpiece, a metal of 970 samples was used. Each coin was exactly 11.534 gr. The official state course was not established, and the coins were freely used throughout the country and abroad. Accounting cost There was a purity of the metal from which coins were manufactured and its weight. The rulers were very jealously to the quality of mined coins, as they created the prestige of the state and showed the level of its welfare.

It can be said that always the shape of coins was round, only a small historical gap she was rectangular. The nominal on the coins was not minted, and the wishes of the health were written by the existing rulers and the praise of the gods. During the reign of Mughal, each of the rulers called the coins by their name.

Since the colonization of India, a unified rupee of the East Indian company was introduced, the portrait of Wilhelm IV was minted on it. The coin was weighing 10.692 g of pure silver. This event occurred in 1835 from that time until the moment of exiting the colonial oppression, the images of the English monarchs were coins. In 1861, at the legislative level, it was decided that only the Government of Great Britain had the exclusive right to issue money in appeal. Since 1862, the coin received the official name of government rupee. Until 1883, a silver standard was operating in the production of coins. Despite the fact that by that time all over the world acted a gold standard. This led to a strong reduction in the cost of the currency of India, she lost competitiveness. This situation was a targeted political game of England, which did not want to strengthen Indian rupees in the global market. In this connection, in 1893, the chasing of rupees from silver was stopped and the era of paper money began. The rupee course began to equate the English pound.

In 1935, reform was carried out, the possibilities of emissions of money are fixed behind the reserve bank of India, performing functions. central Bank And to the present.

Having obtained complete independence from the UK in 1947, in a year India released its currency. Rupee became equal to a hundred pieces.

In 1947, the ratio of Indian rupee to the dollar was 1 to 3.3. That is for 3.3 rupees you could buy 1 dollar. In the period of wars with China in 1962 and Pakistan in 1965, a budget deficit was formed, the course of the Indian currency decreased to 7.57 rupees per dollar. In the future years, the cost of money decreased. In 1985, 1 dollar was already worth 12 rupees. In 1991 gold reserves Countries fell to a minimum, and this was reflected at the cost of rupees, the course reached 17.90 rupees per dollar.

Development of Indian currency

In 1993, the government was canceled fixed and switched to a floating currency rate. The cost of rupees dropped sharply to 31.37 per dollar. The global economy crisis provided strong influence On the national currency, and she continued to fall. As the situation deteriorates in the world associated with wars and crises, the monetary unit has increasingly depreciated. Now the currency of India is rather cheap, 1 dollar is 63 rupees.

Since 2005 New coins 1.2 and 5 rupees, as well as 50 Pais began to be minted from durable stainless steel, they became much easier. Pais coins practically came out of everybody.

Currency course mode

The multiple devaluation of rupees during the existence of the state is serious economic problem countries. Currently, a floating mode is applied currency rate in India.

For a long history of publishing paper banknotes in the country, they released more than 50 different species and all of them are still in circulation. Monetary bills are different and the same at par. A very strong wear and dilapidation of bills led the practice of fastening them with a stapler after recalculation. Elastic bands and paper bills began to fasten only with the beginning of the two thousandths.

Modern bills

In modern India, the currency is often issued in the form of anniversary coins to various events in the state, which has enormous popularity among the population. A large number of coins was issued in honor of the birthdays of Javaharlala Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi.

In 2009, the Government of India held a competition for the best design of the Rupee symbol and, since 2010, the symbol chosen by the national vote is printed on rupees. This is the letter "RA" from the alphabet of Devanagari, which is used in Sanskrit and Hindi.

Large money sums In India, they are called, according to the traditional Indian account system:

• 1 varnish is one hundred thousand rupees;
• 1 Krore is ten million rupees;
• 1 Arav is one billion rupees.

To the present, all previously released monetary signs are still used in India's currency. Although the new bills are printed regularly, old monetary signs until recently did not exempt from the appeal.

Modern changes in national currency

For the first time in the history of the country at the end of 2016 there was a major exchange of monetary signs, the old banknotes of 500 and 1000 rupees were seized and exchanged for new ones. On November 8, the Prime Minister of India Narendra Moi came up with an unexpected announcement that in the morning of the next day the largest bills in circulation 500 and 1000 rupees will be invalid. This was done in order to combat corruption and a black market. The authorities gave a term until December 30 current year For currency exchange for new monetary signs. At the same time, the exchange was made only in the presence of an identity and satisfaction of the tax request for origin moneywhether they were declared.

This radical monetary reform was arranged to withdraw from the circulation of prohibited bills and strikes on the country's shadow economy.

The unexpected currency exchange in India provoked huge queues in banks and problems in the market sector. The situation caused an excitement also on currency marketThe demand for dollars has grown. At the same time, all major transactions of steel are carried out only in non-cash form, which automatically made them controlled by checks by the authorities. Thus, the Prime Minister declared war in black market and corruption.

New cash bills differ from the previous color, drawings and size, as well as the location of security objects. Also was released new Covera Rapid rating 2000.

Features of circulation

The currency feature of India is that the portrait of Mahatma Gandhi - the greatest citizen of India in the entire history of the country is absolutely printed on all monetary bills. He was the leader of the independence of the UK, a supporter of non-violent methods in the struggle for improving society. Absolutely on all monetary signs All denominations are printed his portrait.

At the entrance to the country, the amounts exceeding $ 5,000 are subject to declaration. The export of national currency beyond the limits of India is prohibited. Also prohibited export of foreign currency in the amount of more than imported.

India Currency: Course to the ruble today

Since India is an agricultural country, then climatic conditions are influenced by the course of rupees. It has long been noticed by analysts that with good crops the rupee rate begins to grow. In general, at the moment its cost is in a comfortable corridor and special changes are not expected.

The course of Indian rupee relative to the ruble at the moment: in India, the currency to the ruble is 90.04 rubles for one hundred Indian rupees.

It is not necessary to go to India with rubles, since they will be difficult to exchange. The most common currency for exchanging is dollars and euros. Legal currency exchange is carried out in banks, exchange offices and at the airport.

India's currency to the ruble today is constantly changing, since its value depends on the course of the American dollar.

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For a long time in India was not common monetary unit. For the first time, the National Currency of India is Indian Rupee (translated from Sanskrit "Chekhannaya Silver") - appeared only in 1542 at the Board of Sher-Shah, and this coin weavila almost 12. Since then, Indian rupees have begun everywhere to be used outside of India. Today, they enjoy in several countries of the world, among which the Maldives, Sri Lanka and Indonesia.

Brief history of India

The Republic of India is the state of South Asia, located on the Indian Ocean Peninsula near the Indian Ocean. India is the heiress of the Harappa civilization. The first states began to appear here from 2 halves of 1 thousand to n. e. Depending on the existing rulers, India at different times was called the state of Maurev, Pages and even the Delia Sultanat.

India's economy was based on agriculture, cattle breeding and craft. It was the Indians who were the first in history that began to grow cotton on the fields and produce threads from it to produce fabrics. Thanks to the trade in cotton canvases were established economic relations with other countries. Ancient India supported trade relations with many states. For example, it is just known that the goods brought along the dry and sea route from China, Afghanistan and Burma. The main trade objects were cotton fabrics, precious decorations and miniature figures from metals and ivory and grain.

One can only guess how the history of India would have begun if it was for her shores in 1497, the ships of the famous Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama did not fit. From the 16th century, India began to gradually conquer European colonialists - Portuguese, Dutch, French and the British. As a result of a long struggle for domination in the mid-19th century, India began to belong to the UK.

Independence found only after World War II, in 1947, losing a part of its territory - Pakistan. And in 1950, India was officially recognized as a republic.

Nominal Indian Rupee

India Monetary Unit - Indian Rupee. 1 Rupee is 100 Paies. In circulation are:

• banknotes Rate 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 rupees of different annual releases;
• coins dignity 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 pauses; 1, 2, 5 and 10 rupees.

Banknotes of the same nominal may be different: this is not a fake, but various modifications of the same bills. Despite this, all paper money has a common mandatory element - the image of Mahatma Gandhi. Banknotes can be issued in honor of certain people or important events. What looks like, for example, modern bills with a par value of 10 rupees, can be viewed in fig. one.

For several centuries, several types of Indian rupees (Bengalskaya, Bombay, Maduraskaya) used in India, while in 1835, after the loss of maintenance independence, the Unified Standard of Silver Rupee was not introduced throughout India. Then Rupee over time lost its value and distinctive look. The first English king depicted on this coin was Wilhelm IV.

At first, Indian rupees were made only from silver, then from gold. In the end, in 1924, a silver standard began to operate in India. So, in February 1920, one rupee corresponded to 2 shillings and 8 pens. Since 1924, the course was established at the level of 1 rupee - 18 pence (1 shilling and 6 pence), which corresponded to 0.549179 g of pure gold.

Indian Rupee rate for today

The course of Indian rupee depends on the course of the American dollar and the euro. Abbreviated it is indicated by INR. To calculate the course of Indian rupee in relation to the ruble, take as the basis of the data on March 12, 2016:

• 1 Inr \u003d 0.015 $
• 1 Inr \u003d 0,013 EUR
• 1 $ \u003d 70,31 RUB
• 1 EUR \u003d 74.9 RUB

If you take a calculator into the hands, you can easily calculate that in relation to the dollar 1 Inr \u003d 0, 015 × 70.31 \u003d 1.05 RUB, and relative to Euro 1 InR \u003d 0.013 × 74.9 \u003d 0.97 RUB . The course of Indian Rupee is almost equal to the ruble rate, and often even falls below. If we consider that banks do not change money equal, it may turn out that it is still unprofitable to ride India with our rubles. Therefore, it is better to translate them into dollars or euros in Russia. When exchanging dollars and euros for Indian rupees you will get:

1 $ \u003d 67.15 InR, 1 EUR \u003d 74.9 INR. And when exchanging our rubles (without banking Commission): 1 RUB \u003d 0.96 INR.

• 1 INR (1 Indian Rupee) \u003d 1.05 RUB
• 1 Inr \u003d 0.015 $
• 1 Inr \u003d 0,013 EUR
• 1 Inr \u003d 0, 015 CHF (Swiss Frank)
• 1 Inr \u003d 0.01 GBR (pound sterling used on the Falkland Islands)
• 1 Inr \u003d 1.69 JPY (Japanese Yena)
• 1 Inr \u003d 0.39 UAH (Ukrainian hryvnia)
• 1 Inr \u003d 5.12 KZT (Kazakhstan Tenge)
• 1 Inr \u003d 307,29 BYR (Belarusian ruble)

Indian currency - Indian rupee. On all bills portrait of Gandhi. Give that the most feasible bills - 500 rupees. A few years ago they looked at them with distrust and carefully checked. Now this is not. The course of rupees is very stable, about 47 rupees for the US dollar. It is believed that rupee "tied" to american dollar. The Fresh Rupence Course can always be viewed on the VISA payment system website, or. This course should be considered "correct." The exchange rate in India may differ significantly from the real one. At airports and tourist areas, dollar and euro courses are usually understated. In places inhaled by tourists, courses can be more profitable for Visa.

Now in India in the go covers Dignity 1000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5 rupees coins Dignity 5, 2 and 1 rupee. Paisi (as our penny) 50, 25, 10, 5, 2 and 1 are no longer used and are suitable except for souvenirs, although the coins are worth 50 pieces are still officially in circulation. Coins and bills in India of various years of release differ in size, shape and design. Covers from 50 rupees and above just new ones. If these banknotes differ from the usual - ask to change. Covers less than 20 rupees and coins are accepted by any sample.

When you change money in India, ask for a part of the amount to you with small bills of 50 - 100 rupees. Otherwise, there are no problems with the surrender. In India, it is still customary to fasten the recalculated and widwall packs of money to the steppeller. Do not be surprised. If you give such a bundle - ask to remove the clips and look at the bill. Strong damaged bills require change. Money, naturally, you need to recalculate without departing from the box office.

Exchange currency On rupees you can in exchange offices. As a rule, in all tourist cities in the vicinity of hotels such exchangers quite a lot. Exchange must have at international airports, but the course there is usually quite robbing. Exchange is easy to find on signs "Money Changer", "Excange", "Curency Excange", "Forex" And others. About where to exchange currency, it is better to ask the hotel staff where you stopped. In non-unistational places, currency can be exchanged in banks. Sometimes to exchange currency, you may need your passport or its photocopy. It is not necessary to use the services of individuals who may offer you to change the currency on rupees. This is illegal, trouble is possible. In addition, you risk to face fraudsters and thickens. Indian citizens use foreign currency and even storing it is prohibited.

Usually, only one course is specified in the exchange. All purchases and sales operations occur in this course, but you pay the commission. As a rule, this commission is 3%. In special places, like airports, the Commission may be greater.

In India, there are no problems with the exchange of US dollars and eurosAs a rule, british pounds can be exchanged. The remaining currencies are changed only in banks, only provided that the Bank has a relevant license, and by the robbing rate. In other words, to carry only dollars and euros to India, preferably dollars.

When exchanged currency or removal of money in an ATM, be sure to take the receipt. This receipt can be needed when making some purchases and when exchanging rupees to other currencies, if at the end of the trip you will remain uneasy rupees. You can exchange rupees on the currency in presenting a passport and receipts on currency exchange on rupees or checks from ATMs in an amount not exceeding the specified in receipts and checks.

You can carry money in cash and on cards. On the travelers should not even think - this is atavism. Travel checks are difficult to change, with operations with travelers, a big commission and, finally, it's just stupid. It is more convenient and safer to carry money on cards and cash for emergency cases. Almost in all places where you have to be in India, there will be no problems with ATMs and cards. However, with cards before the trip, it is worth understanding especially and properly prepared. So.

You need a card card not lower than Visa Classic. and MasterCard Standard.. Before traveling, you need to clarify in your bank, whether your cards abroad are serviced and what you need to do to allow the service. Most likely, you will have to inform your bank dates and countries where you go.

In some places in India, ATMs take only visa cards or just MasterCard. Therefore, it is advisable to have both systems cards. In any case, it makes sense to carry several cards with him - anything happens.

Chip cards are preferred in the journey. It is impossible to use such a card in terminals without a PIN code. In case of loss of the card, you should remember the telephones of the call centers of your banks to immediately block the cards.

Indian ATMs are arranged differently. Some work like our - you insert a card, and it is inside the ATM until all operations are completed. Some return a card after a few seconds, and you need to pull it out. In some ATMs, you need to insert a card until it stops and, waiting for instructions on the screen, extract. In these ATMs, the card is not fully inserted. As a rule, Indian ATMs are installed in special boxes and there is a security guard nearby. You should not use ATMs if they are not closed and there is no police officer. Indian ATMs are not always written, what type of cards they take. Before inserting a card, ask the guard, whether the cards of your type are serviced here. In India, quite a few ATMs that serve only internal Indian cards, as a rule, they are green. Having received cash from an ATM, be sure to check. Checks from ATMs and exchange receipts makes sense to always keep until the end of the trip.

Using an ATM, carefully read the message on the screen before entering the PIN code. Some banks take an additional commission, in particular, the fee for accessing foreign account. As a rule, this commission is 200 rupees. In these ATMs, you will be first suggested to pay 200 rupees for access to the account and then re-enter the PIN and remove the money. For example, so comes HDFC Bank.. ATMs with such a logo should avoid, although most likely you will persistently offer them. When Anjun was the turn to ATM HDFC, And in the neighboring ATM Axis there was no one, I asked the guard if he was working, the guard nodded. "But why is the queue in that, he takes extra 200 rupees?" The guard in response was caught and winked. I do not exclude that HDFC. Plates agency for naive ferry.

You can rent money from a card without an ATM in many exchange offices, in tourist sites like Goa - in all. This service is called Cash Advance.. It also happens like buying in a card on a card. From your account, the amount you specified in rupees are written off, you sign in the check and get cash. At the same time, the Commission for the service from 1.5 to 5% is held with you.

1. The course of Indian Rupee today in relation to foreign currencies: USD dollar (USD), Euro (EUR), Russian ruble (RUB), English Pound (GBP), Nepalese Rupee.

A convenient rupee course converter for today and the currency calculator below shows the calculation of the Indian Rupee rate to any amount in an arbitrary currency, for example, to the ruble you choose.

Exist banknotes 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 Indian rupees, and also coins Rate 1, 2, 5 rupees.
It is said that there are still bills in 5,000 rupees, but I did not see it myself.
1 rupee is 100 pieces, there are even coins of 1, 5, 10, 50 pieces, but they are usually not accepted anywhere, exceptions are only if you buy matches, the price of a box of which is 50 pieces.

2. Features of Indian rupees

1. Indian Rupee is a limited convertible currency, so it forbidden to export. The exception is only for neighboring states of Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

2. Indian rupees can legally exchanged On other currencies only in institutions of banks or hotels with a relevant license.
As a rule in hotels course foreign currencies lower than in banks, and in banks are often lower than in the exchange offices of tourist areas.
The flow of foreign currencies on the territory of India is officially prohibited, the exception for payment of w / d tickets, payment in some hotels, etc., but sometimes there are no solid currencies. However, sometimes currency can be changed in stores selling souvenirs, jewelry and other, the exchange rate of rupees is usually quite high.

3. To appeal to Indian rupees with holes. The fact is that in India it is customary to fasten the packs of money with the help of a stapler, so do not be surprised. Despite this to the money in India, we must treat with respect, not to mine and not throw them carelessly, as the money is the personification of Goddess Lakshmi.

4. Ripped rupees Do not take anywhere, even if the rupture line is stuck. I had a case when I changed me a pack of money, in which there was a bill of 1000 rupees with a large gap, crossing the room, I was refused to change it even in the department of the Bank of India. I had to go to the exchange office, where 950 rupees were given for it.

5. Middle Course Indian rupee in relation to the ruble in last years (at the time of writing the post, to the crisis of 2014) in Russia hesitated at the level of 1.5-1.6 rupees for the ruble (ranging from 1.52 to 1.63) depending on the dollar rate, so that sometimes it happens convenient Just sharing the price in rupees by 1.5. To understand how much the desired thing is in rubles.

6. Course of Indian Rupee to the ruble and dollar in crisis After the crisis of 2014 in Russia, the course of Indian rupee to the ruble sharply jumped one and a half times and in 2018 swims around from 1 ruble with kopecks and higher, since the course of rupees to the dollar is more stable, the courses of all other currencies are tied to it. During Indian monetary reform 2017 The course of new money to the dollar grew up in different parts of India from 65 to 77 rupees, old bills on the contrary fell to 45-55 rupees per dollar.

National currency of India - Rupee. Currency release is controlled by federal reserve Bank India. The most commonly used symbols for the designation of rupees are RS and ₨. ISO 4217 code for rupee - INR. One rupee equals 100 pieces.

In many parts of India, Rupeia is also called "Rupayi", "Rupae", "Rubai", as well as some other words, from Sanskrit "Rupeyakov". "Raupy" means "silver"; "Ruples" - a silver coin. However, in West Bengal, Tripur, Orissa and Assam, Indian rupee is known as the "Tank" Sanskrit.

In January 2008 official Course In relation to the US dollar amounted to 40 rupees for 1 dollar.

Notation

As standard in Indian English, large sums Indian rupees are considered in thousands, tens of thousands (varnishes) (100 thousand \u003d 105 rupees, in digital designation 100,000), crumbs (100 varnishes \u003d 107 rupees, in numbers - 10 000 000) and Aravbach (100 crore \u003d 109 rupees, in numbers - 1,000,000,000). The use of terms such as Million (Million) or Billion (Billion), as in Standard British or American English, is much less common.

For example, 12 584 729.25 Indian rupees should be pronounced as one Crror twenty-five varnishes eighty-four thousand seven hundred twenty-nine rupees and twenty-five pieces (see the Indian number system).

History

India was one of the first countries where coins began to use (approximately VI century. BC). They believe that the first rupee was introduced by Cher Shah Suri (1486-1545), and it was equal to the forty copper pieces (Paisam). The first paper rupees released "Bank of Industan" (1770-1832), then " Chief Bank Bengal and Bihara "(1773-75, founded by Warken Hastings) and" Bengal Bank "(1784-91).

During the British Board and the first decade of independence, it was divided into 16 Ann. Each Anna, in turn, was divided into 4 pieces or 12 feud. In 1815, the Madras government also released the currency "Fans", one fans were equal to 12 rupees.

Historically, Rupee, who took her name from Sanskrit "Rupaya", which means silver, was a silver coin. This fact had severe consequences in the XIX century, when the strongest global economies were based on gold. The discovery of large silver reserves in the United States and various European colonies lowered silver value for gold. The situation unexpectedly developed when the currency of India became non-competitive. This event is known as "Falling Rupee"

In 1898, Rupee was tied to the Gold Standard with the help of an English pound, with a course of 1 rupee \u003d 1 Eschilling of 4 Pens (that is, 15 rupees \u003d 1 pound). In 1920, Rupee rose to 2 shillings (10 rupees \u003d 1 pound). However, in 1927 the course fell again, this time to 1 shillling and 6 pence (13⅓ rupees \u003d 1 pound). This course was held until 1966, when Rupee was devalued and the relation was 7.5 rupees for 1 US dollar (at that time 1 rupee was equal to 11.4 English pensam). This course lasted until the dollar devaluation in 1971.

Indian rupee replaced the Danish Indian Rupei in 1845, French Indian Rupei in 1954 and Portuguese Escudo in 1961. Following the independence in 1947, Indian Rupee replaced all currencies for previous autonomous states. Some of these states have released rupees, with an equal value (with respect to british pound) (For example, Trabancar Rupee). Other currencies - Haidarabad Rupee and Corey Corey.

International use

In connection with the division, Pakistani rupees appeared, although Indian coins were first used, and indian banknotes Then they simply reprinted in Pakistan. Earlier, Indian rupee was official currency Other countries, such as Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE and Malaysia. Persian rupee (XPGR) was introduced by the Indian government instead of Indian Rupee for appeal only to the territory of the country (according to the act of the Federal Reserve Bank of India of May 1, 1959). Creating a separate currency was an attempt to reduce the pressure on foreign investments in India due to gold smuggling. After on June 6, 1966, Rupee depreciated in India, these countries still continued to use it, and Oman, Qatar and modern combined United Arab Emirates, Replaced the Persian Rupee by their own currencies. Kuwait and Bahrain did it in 1961 and 1965, respectively.

Indian Rupee is also associated with Bhutan currency - Ngultrum. Indian rupees are accepted in Nepal, not far from the Indian-Nepalese border and in some Indian stores in the UK.

Coins

East India Company, 1862

In each of the three districts established by the British East India Company (Bengal, Bombay and Madras), there was its own mint system until 1835. All three types of rupees with divisions up to ⅛ and 1/16 rupees were silver. Madras also existed a coin worth 2 rupees.

Copper coins were more diverse. In Bengal, there were coins worth 1 Pai, ½, 1 and 2 pieces. In Bombay - 1 Pai, ¼, ½, 1, 1½, 2 and 4 Pais. In Madras, there were copper coins of 2 and 4 Pais, 1, 2 and 4 Pais, and the first two were called ½ and 1 dub or 1/96 and 1/48 rupees. Please note that Madras also produced the fans until 1815.

In all three districts, golden moors and their parts were produced, including 1/16, ⅛, ¼ and ½ in Bengal, 1/15 (Golden Rupee) and ⅓ (pance) in Bombay and ¼, ⅓ and ½ in Madras.

In 1835, a single mint system was introduced. It consisted of copper 1/12, ¼ and ½ anna, silver ¼, ½ and 1 rupees and gold 1 and 2 moors. In 1841, a silver coin was added, the advantage of 2 Annes, and then, in 1953 a copper coin - ½ Pais. This system existed until 1862, even after the company segments the representatives of the Royal Government.