How much changes the course of currencies. How can banks install currency courses? Official course of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation

Foreign currencies in relation to the ruble

This Regulation in accordance with the Federal Law "On the Central Bank Russian Federation (Bank of Russia) "(Meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation, 2002, N 28, Art. 2790; 2003, N 2, Art. 157; N 52, Art. 5032; 2004, N 27, Art. 2711; N 31, Art. 3233; 2005, N 25, Art. 2426; N 30, Art. 3101) Determines the procedure for establishing and published by the Bank of Russia of official foreign currencies in relation to the ruble.

ConsultantPlus: Note.

In accordance with the information of the Bank of Russia dated December 10, 2009, the Bank of Russia since the beginning of 2010 ceased to establish official courses of foreign currencies in relation to the ruble, at the same time expanding the list of foreign currencies, the official courses of which in relation to the ruble are established by the Bank of Russia daily (on workers days). The current currency list is communicated by the Bank of Russia.

3. Official Course The US dollar in relation to the ruble is calculated and established by the Bank of Russia on the basis of the quotations of the Interbank domestic foreign exchange market for the operations of the US dollar operations - the ruble in accordance with the methodology for determining the official courses of foreign currencies in relation to the ruble approved by the order of the Bank of Russia.

4. The official course of the SDR (special borrowing rights) in relation to the ruble is calculated and is established by the Bank of Russia based on the official exchange rate of the US dollar in relation to the ruble, defined in accordance with paragraph 3 of these Regulations, and the last value of the CRT rate to the US dollar established by international Monetary Fund.

5. Official courses of other foreign currencies in relation to the ruble are calculated and established by the Bank of Russia based on the official exchange rate of the US dollar in relation to the ruble, defined in accordance with paragraph 3 of these Regulations, and the data quotations for the US dollar on the international foreign exchange markets, in the interbank domestic foreign exchange market, as well as official courses of the US dollar to the specified currencies established by central (national) banks of relevant states.

6. Official courses of national currencies of the countries participating in the Economic and Monetary Union in relation to the ruble are courses, calculated on the basis of the official euro course in relation to the ruble, established by the Bank of Russia, using the appropriate coefficients for recalculating the currency data in the euro, recorded by the decisions of the Council of the European Union Of December 31, 1998, N 2866/98 / EU and on June 19, 2000 N 1478/2000 / EU, in the manner shown in the annex to this Regulation.

7. The numerical importance of official foreign currencies in relation to the ruble, with the exception of official foreign currencies in relation to the ruble, the format of which is established in accordance with paragraph of the second paragraph, contains six significant digits, four of which are decimal signs (XX, XXXX rub.).

If the official foreign exchange rate in relation to the ruble is equal to or exceeds 100 rubles per unit of foreign currency, the numerical value of the official foreign currency rate in relation to the ruble may contain more than six significant digits, while four of them should be decimal signs.

8. Official courses of foreign currencies in relation to the ruble are established by the Order of the Bank of Russia, which comes into force in the period specified in it, and are valid until the next order of the Bank of Russia is entitled on official courses of foreign currencies.

The official rate of the dollar of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in Russia for today, January 14, 2020, 02:28, is 61.2632 rub. (1 USD \u003d 61.2632 rub.). The dollar exchange rate of Russia for tomorrow, January 15, 2020, will be installed until 15:00 MSK of today. Below on this page you can watch the schedule of the dollar rate to the Russian ruble (USD / RUB) per week, month, quarter, for the year and all the time, find out the currency rate on a given date, and also find out when, as and why the Central Bank Sets the official course.

The rate of the dollar of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for today, January 13, 2020 (Monday): 61.2632 rubles.

The official exchange rate of the dollar of the Bank of Russia today, January 14, 2020, 02:28, is 61.2632 rub. Compared with the previous working day, the Central Bank has raised the dollar rate in Russia on 0 rub. (0%).

The rate of the dollar of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for tomorrow, January 15, 2020 (Wednesday)

The official dollar rate of the Bank of Russia for tomorrow, January 15, 2020, will be installed until 15:00 Moscow time.

Dynamics of the dollar in Russia - schedule

The minimum value of the dollar rate in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in 2020 was 60.9474 61.9057 rub. Since the beginning of the year, the dollar has strengthened 0.6425 rub. (1.05%).

The minimum value of the dollar rate in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for the current month was 60.9474 rub., Maximum value - 61.9057 rub. For a month, the US dollar rose to the Russian ruble on 0.6425 rub. (1.05%).

Archive of the dollar of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for the selected date

In this table you can see the dynamics of the dollar in Russia by day to a specified date.

When and how does the Central Bank establish the official ruble rate?

The Central Bank establishes the US dollar rate to the ruble for tomorrow daily on weekdays. The set rate begins to act on the next calendar day after the post of establishment and remains in force until the next set course enters into operation. Data is published on the regulator website until 15:00 Moscow time (as a rule, this is happening around 14:00)

We will analyze on the example: On Tuesday, the Bank of Russia set the dollar exchange rate on Wednesday. This is the dollar rate for tomorrow. At the same time, on Tuesday, the course today is the course set on Monday. On Wednesday, the course today is the course set on Tuesday, and the course for tomorrow (Thursday) is published on Wednesday near 14:00 Moscow time.

Separate logic is valid on weekends and holidays. So, on Friday, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation establishes the course for tomorrow, which is valid on Saturday, Sunday and Monday. New course Tomorrow will be published only during the day on Monday and will take effect on Tuesday. Similar logic applies to holidays.

How is the CB course formed? For this, the regulator agrees the quotes of the USDRUB pair at the bidding on the Moscow Exchange currency section during the index session (from 10:00 Moscow time to 11:30 Moscow time). Then, on the basis of the dollar, the Bank of Russia forms official courses of the other 33 currencies. The exchange rate of the ruble depends on the demand and supply of the market.

Why do you need an official dollar rate, because he quickly obsolete and does not "sleep" for the real dynamics of the foreign exchange market? It is standard for state Structures In the preparation of reporting, and also serves as a convenient guide for people who are far from the world of stock news.

Middle monthly dollar rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation 2018, 2019, 2020

The average dollar rate for the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for this year It is 61.3376 rubles. The average dollar rate for the current month is at 61.3376 rubles.

What is currency and currency exchange rate?

Currency and money are synonyms (). The currency is foreign and Russian. Russian currency - It is a ruble, which is the only legitimate payment facility, mandatory for reception at a nucleational value throughout Russia. Foreign currency include monetary signs In the form of banknotes, treasury tickets, as well as coins in circulation and being a legitimate cash flow in the territory of the relevant foreign state. It should be noted that the currency is not only cash, but also non-cash, that is, the existing not in the form of banknotes or coins, but in the form of records in bank accounts.

The currency may be convertible and non-convertible. Convertible is the currency that can be exchanged for another without special permission any government agencies. So, the US dollar, Japanese yen, euro and some others are freely converted - the Russian ruble belongs to them.

But in order to exchange one currency to another, you need to know its course, in other words - the price. The exchange rate is the price of a country's monetary unit, expressed in the monetary unit of another country. In other words, the currency is the same product as any other, and it is possible to buy it at a prescribed price. Rubles can be bought for US dollars, euros, yuan, as well as the opposite. And for each currency used as a means of payment for another currency, a specific exchange rate is installed.

Wherein course dollar or euroYes, and any other currency can be both official (fixed and floating) and unofficial. Official exchange rate for national currency It is established by the state, usually represented by the Central Bank, for a certain period, for example, for a day and is used in official calculations. The unofficial course may differ from the official in the calculations between ordinary citizens or legal entities At its sole discretion.

A fixed course is the officially established relationship between currencies. Thus, the fixed exchange rate of the dollar to the ruble was used in the USSR, it was established by the state bank of the USSR. For example:

• as of January 1, 1924, the rate of $ 1 was 2.20 rubles;
• on January 1, 1936, the rate of $ 1 was 1.15 rubles;
• as of January 1, 1937, the rate of $ 1 was equal to 5.04 rubles;
• as of January 1, 1961, the rate of $ 1 was 0.90 rubles.

Interestingly, in the early 1990s, there were several types of currencies in parallel:

1

Official fixed (installed by the USSR State Bank and was used for official calculations);

2

Commercial (was established from November 1, 1990 based on the ratio of 1.8 rubles. For $ 1 and was used for settlements on foreign trade operations, foreign investment in the territory of the USSR and Soviet investments abroad, as well as the calculations of a non-arbitrary nature carried out by legal entities (presidential decree USSR dated October 26, 1990 No. UE-943 ""));

3

"Tourist" (was introduced on July 24, 1991 by Gosbank of the USSR at the level of 32 rubles. For $ 1, this type of course existed only five months and was used on a par with official fixed Cursa To buy currency individuals (Telegram Gosbank USSR dated April 1, 1991 No. 135/91 "").

The record low value of the official dollar rate was recorded on February 13, 1991 - its official course was 0.54 rubles. Such a low official dollar rate lasted until June 24, 1992, reaching only a level of 0.56 rubles at this point.

Already on July 1, 1992, the official dollar exchange rate was set at 125.26 rubles. For $ 1 and began to grow sharply, reaching the amount of 414.50 rubles by January 1, 1993, by January 1, 1994 - 1247 rubles. By January 6, 1995, the dollar rate to the ruble rose to 3623 rubles., And by January 5, 1996 - up to 4461 rubles, reaching 5960 rubles by the end of 1997. For $ 1, after which the ruble denomination of a thousand times was carried out in Russia.

However, after that, the dollar rate to the ruble continued to grow, demonstrating sharp ups in 1998 and in 2014. Specific stability and even some periodic decline in the dollar's course could be observed from 2000 to 2013. On December 9, 2014, the US dollar rate was established in the amount of 53.31 rubles. For $ 1. If you compare with the previous, non-delimited, rubles, then it corresponds to the course in 53 310 non-delimited rubles for $ 1. Thus, for the period from July 1, 1992 to the present, the cost of the ruble in relation to the US dollar fell 424 times.

Currently, a floating exchange rate is applied in Russia, which assumes the use of a market mechanism currency regulation To establish a currency rate. At the same time, it changes under the influence of supply and demand.

The establishment of official exchange rates in relation to the ruble is carried out by the Bank of Russia (Art. 53 Federal Law dated July 10, 2002 No. 86-FZ ""). However, an ordinary citizen cannot come to the Bank of Russia and buy or sell currency at the official rate. Moreover, the Bank of Russia does not undertake to buy and sell currency at the official rate. In fact, citizens may acquire currency only in commercial banks at the informal rate, and the price of the currency is usually overestimated - after all commercial Bank Receives profit from this transaction.

Therefore, it is believed that citizens are not recommended to "play" on currency courses (at least in the short term, without having to postpone money for years ahead), as they are always forced to buy currency more and sell cheaper than at the official rate, almost Always losing on this difference.

Dollar rate for today and euro rate for today

Most popular currency coursesRussians of interest to almost daily - it is dollar and euro courses to ruble. Unfortunately, the ruble has recently fallen sharply against these currencies. According to many analysts, it became a consequence of internal and foreign Policy Russia. Currently, the fall of the ruble continues and completely unclear, at what level it will stop.

Of course, such a fall may not affect the well-being of ordinary Russians. Because prices in stores grow after growth dollar and euro courses (Since many goods are purchased abroad for foreign currency), then the purchasing power of the income by citizens returns proportionally. And if the employee in early 2014 could buy on his wage in the amount of 30 thousand rubles. goods worth an equivalent of about $ 920, now purchasing power his wages fell up to about $ 565, that is, almost twice. Of course, Russians such a situation is very worried.

As a result, most citizens tracks daily dollar rate for todayand euro course for todayDepending on which of these currencies seems more important to them. But few knows how this course is installed.

The fact is that dollar rate for today Installed by the Bank of Russia during the day earlier. In fact, every day is installed a dollar rate for tomorrow. Official uS dollar in relation to the ruble It is calculated and established by the Bank of Russia based on the quotations of the interbank domestic foreign exchange market. From April 15, 2003 to establish official dollar rate Used weighted average uS dollar course At the auction of a single trading session of the Interbank Currency Exchange with the calculation period "Tomorrow", which established as of 11 hours 30 minutes of the Day of Bidding (Information of the Bank of Russia dated April 14, 2003).

In this way, dollar rate for tomorrow Installed by the Bank of Russia daily (on working days) at 11:30 30 minutes of the trade day on the average value of its value on stock trading.

The same way, euro course for today It was established by the Bank of Russia yesterday, but on another algorithm. Euro course for tomorrow It is determined not directly, according to the average value at a certain time, and on the basis of the already established dollar rate for tomorrow, taking into account the euro quotes to the US dollar in international foreign exchange markets and in the interbank domestic foreign exchange market.

In total, the Russian Bank of Russia establishes daily courses 34 foreign currencies - they are all available on its official website, also with the courses of the US dollar and the euro and can be found on the Garant.Ru portal.

Keep in mind that the established central Bank Currency courses do not change on weekends! In the table below you can watch the dollar and the euro for today, tomorrow and a week ahead. If you are interested in the further fate of currencies, follow the news and track the updates of quotes.

Current exchange rate on the InstaForex exchange

Forecast of the dollar and euro for a month

What depends on the dollar rate, factors affecting currency courses

If you are interested in buying or selling euro or dollar, the currency rate is for you an important indicator everyday. Today both monetary units demonstrate significant volatility. This is due primarily with political factors.

What affects the US dollar and euros:

• decisions made by diplomats as part of international cooperation. Yesterday, Angela Merkel declared his readiness to make an agreement with Russia - the euro fell a little in relation to the ruble. Tomorrow Donald Trump will release a new package of sanctions - the dollar rate will jum up to heaven. Therefore, if you want to play on the currency exchange or earn money on the purchase / sale of currency, you need to monitor political news;
• economic situation in the country and in the world. Yes, even economic shifts within Russia affect the position of the ruble, respectively, and on the course of foreign currencies to it;
• solutions of the Central Bank. It is known that at the beginning of the exacerbation of relations with Europe and the United States, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation tried to balance the races of currency rates to the ruble with their own resources. Today, the dollar and the euro's volatility decreased slightly, and a considerable role in this was played by the containment system of the Russian banking network.

Previous forecasts of courses

We all remember times when the dollar's exchange rate did not exceed 35 rubles, and the euro held at 39-45 rubles. Unfortunately or fortunately, these courses have not appeared for several years on the banks and exchange offices. Below is our forecast for currency rates a few days before the start of the rapid fall of the ruble. This information is simply presented to the memory ...

Dear visitors of the site "Forecast course of currencies for tomorrow", we draw your attention that the forecast of the dollar and the euro course is given only for informational purposes and cannot be regarded as a guide to action! We are not responsible for the accuracy of prediction data, because Currency courses depend on a huge number of factors and even the most experienced trader, a broker, a financier (yes, in general, anyone) will not be able to predict a currency rate for tomorrow, for a week or a month with an accuracy of 100%!

In the masses, there was a sense that banks during conducting currency transactions take the basis of the course Central Bank. In fact, this course, called still official, does not have virtually no relation to the cost of the currency in financial institutions. Why does this happen and how can banks install currency courses?

Official course of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation

Let's start with the fact that the operations of the purchase and sale of foreign currency are carried out on interbank currency exchanges (IMB). These are specialized exchanges that have the licenses of the Central Bank of Russia (the main financial regulator) on the organization of operations for the sale and sale of the currency of other states for rubles and carrying out settlements on their transactions. Bidding in which can take part authorized banks, are called a single trading session of the interbank currency exchange (ETS MVB).

Main currency exchange ( marketplace Currency trading) in Russia is the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange (MICEX). There are also regional currency exchanges.

The provision of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 286-P dated 04/18/2006 is determined by the procedure in accordance with which official currency courses. They depend on market quotes formed on the basis of demand for foreign currency and its proposals in the foreign exchange market.

Initially, the official exchange rate of the US dollar in relation to the ruble on a special method is determined: the US dollar rate is equal to the weighted average value of the exchange quotes within a single trading session with the calculation of tomorrow, as of a certain time, as a rule, up to 15 hours 00 minutes. The clear time of establishing official courses within the working day is not enshrined by the above position of the Central Bank, so it may change. Thus, the US dollar rate is a stock exchange rate for the purchase and sale of this currency, which led trading from opening an exchange to a fixed time.

Official courses of other currencies in relation to the ruble are already installed on the basis of the official exchange rate of the US dollar, and currency data quotes in relation to the US dollar on the IMB, i.e. Based on cross courses. In fact, for the installation of the euro's course in relation to the ruble Central Bank of the Russian Federation, does not look at the euro to the ruble on the Moscow Stock Exchange, and looks at the exchange rate of the euro towards the dollar in the international foreign exchange market.

Why does the Central Bank establish an official exchange rate? This is done not only in order for ordinary people, far from the nuances of currency trading, imagined the approximate cost of one or another currency. Official courses are used when calculating the income and expenses of the state. budget, the implementation of all types of payment and settlement operations of state bodies. Management with organizations and individuals, as well as for accounting purposes.

Exchange rate

Every visitor to the bank saw in the office of the office (and beyond) a colorful scoreboard with courses for purchasing / selling currencies, which may change to several times per day.

The purchase rate is the value that the Bank is ready to adopt foreign currency from the population.

The sales course is, respectively, the value at which the institution sells a specific currency.

The purchase rate is always below the sales course - it is on this difference that the bank earns at the expense of exchange operations with currency. If you can not figure out where what course, then focus on a simple rule: where the cost of the currency is lower, it means that it is for so many bank.

No indication of the Central Bank for the establishment of banks by banks no purchase and sales - it does not regulate the use of official foreign currencies in relation to the ruble and does not determine the scope of their compulsory application. No one regulatory document This procedure does not regulate. The banking institution is primarily focused on the overall situation in the market. If it sets the price of selling higher than that of competitors, it is unlikely that someone will become buying this currency, so courses in different banks Approximately the same. Thus, the main "regulator" of the exchange rate is the retail market for the sale and purchase of currency to citizens (individuals).

In the formation of the exchange rate play the role and indicators of supply and demand for a certain currency. So, if the cost of a certain currency rapidly falls and the population hurries to say goodbye to it, the purchase rate will be consistently decreased. The same story and with an increase in the market course - its growth will definitely cause an increase in the sale price.

Affects the course level and such an indicator as currency position financial institution. The ratio of obligations and requirements of the commercial bank in foreign currency. If the Bank is needed in the currency of a certain country, then the course of its purchase can grow. With an excess of foreign monetary units And the desire to "unload" from it, the sales course will be set lower than the average market indicator.

The difference in the price of selling and buying foreign currency is called "Spread". So any bank, determining the price policy for currency exchange, will always strive to increase the spread and, accordingly, its income.

All nuances described above are affected by how banks set sales and purchase currencies.

Course conversion

The cost of buying and selling, which was described above, concerns operations with cash foreign money. When conducting non-cash payments, the conversion rate is used, simple words - Reset russian money In the currency of another state. Conversion operations take place in the following cases:

1. With the purchase card abroad with bank card with a ruble account. In this case, the price of goods or services will be expressed in local currency, and when writing off the money from the card, the Bank automatically recalculate the purchase price in rubles for the current conversion rate.

2. Ply monetary translations In the currency through the bank's office. Here the bank will send the translation in the desired foreignate, and it will take the client, naturally, rubles.

Conversion courses can be installed by banks:

• according to the acting B. commercial bank course selling or buying currency;
• at the officially established course of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (such a course is considered the most profitable);
• at the rate of the Central Bank plus a fixed percentage.

It is important to know that currency conversion operations can occur at the time of operation on bank card, and on the day of the calculation between banks - between the overseas Equiler Bank, which served a specific operation (it belongs to the POS terminal in the outlet) and the bank-issuer - the owner of your card (in it is open a card account). From payment to the final interbank settlement, there are usually several days for which the cost of currency and, accordingly, the conversion rate can change dramatically. Respectively, real value Your purchase can also change to the smaller or most side. It is necessary to take into account this feature if there was a need for non-cash operations on the ruble bank card in foreign trade points or online stores. For details on the bank transaction and the final settlement between banks in an accessible form, see.