A course in the basics of financial literacy at school. Here are some useful tips for parents who want to teach their students literacy and how to manage money. Our results: Russian students learn financial literacy outside of school

2. The economy is built so that people live on wages, depending on the employer, often working seven days a week.

After all 93% of the wealth belongs to 7% of the people!

It is unfair, one might say, but this is due to the fact that people do not know how to properly manage their own.

3. It is mistakenly believed that financial literacy is not necessary for schoolchildren. Since the elders in many cases cannot teach you the basics of financial literacy, it means that you should take matters into your own hands and study additional discipline in your free time. However, the most important thing is the practical application of knowledge. In educational institutions, we are taught to learn, and not to apply the acquired knowledge. will introduce concepts such as income and expenses, assets and liabilities and you will see that it is relatively simple.

4. relevant for adolescents. The idea that it is too early for adolescents to think about financial matters is a prejudice. It is mistakenly believed that only when there is a family, then you can think about money, but now you need to study, study and study again. 70-80% of people do this and now look at how they live.

Strategy

5. Income and. Train yourself to increase and decrease income. For example, skip crisps, crackers, and sugary water.

The result is a double benefit: firstly, you keep your health, and secondly, you save money that can be saved and multiplied, bringing yourself closer to financial freedom. And here the volume of income and expenses is not so important, but what is important is what you have left.

6. Assets and liabilities. Assets bring you money on a silver platter, regardless of your activity, and liabilities, on the contrary, eat up what you honestly gained, regardless of us and our position. To become rich, you need to increase assets and reduce liabilities.

7. Financial literacy important for children. Wealthy people advise to start saving as early as possible. Remember that the earlier you begin your journey to financial freedom, the less stress it will take on you to achieve this goal. Time is your best asset. Let the power of compound interest work for you. Indeed, the more income you receive from an investment, the less you have to report from your pocket.

Perspective

8. To achieve consistency, special super abilities are not required. You just need to be brave and persistent, and have a desire and purpose. According to various studies, people who do not have a higher education or who have not even graduated from school often become rich (this does not mean that you need to leave school or college).

It just shows that specialized knowledge is almost worthless without the correct application.

9. It is quite simple in itself, although it is considered the prerogative of specialists and scientists. Is it really so difficult to master that the money that you have saved needs to be divided into 3 parts: the first - for saving (in reliable bank), the second - for investment (stocks, bonds, etc.), and the third - for charity (help to other people is returned many times).

As you can see, everything is simple and everything is only in your hands.

Remember that 80% achieved the state on their own, and only 20% inherited it.

In the 2015/2016 academic year, an experimental course on financial literacy for schoolchildren was tested in 8 Kaliningrad educational institutions.

Simultaneously with the Kaliningrad region, financial literacy classes were tested in four more regions participating in the Project: Volgograd, Arkhangelsk regions, as well as in the Altai and Krasnodar regions.

In our region, nine general educational institutions took part in the approbation: schools No. 12, 31 and 47 of the city of Kaliningrad, Lugovsk school of the Guryev district, lyceum No. 10 of the city of Sovetsk, Cadet corps named after A. First-Called; and the College of Service and Tourism and the College of Entrepreneurship. In total, more than 1000 students took part in the financial literacy classes.

In the school curriculum, 17 teaching hours were provided for experimental lessons (that is, 1 hour per week), twice the number for grades 10-11 - 34 hours (2 hours per week). At the same time, teaching materials for grades 10-11 are distributed by profiles: for economic, legal, mathematical profile and basic level.

The course provided for two stages of monitoring the level of financial literacy of teachers and parents: "entrance" (preliminary) and final testing.

In total, 83 textbooks were developed to test the lessons, which are included in 17 educational and methodological sets. Specially designed textbooks on financial literacy are provided for different groups students: grades 2-4, grades 5-7, grades 8-9 and grades 10-11 of general education schools, as well as students of institutions of secondary vocational education and students of boarding schools. Also developed guidelines for teachers, test and measurement materials, didactic materials for parents and manuals for individual work. For individual lessons, the materials are divided into modules: "Banks", " Stock market"," Own business "," Financial risks "," Insurance "," Pension provision ".

Based on the results of the approbation, the experience of the regions in which the approbation was carried out will be taken into account, the training materials will be corrected and distributed throughout Russia by the end of 2018.

Teaching materials are available for download:

2 - 4 classes of general educational organization (initial stage)

The course program is designed for grades 2–3 (the author of materials for students - S. Fedin) and 4 classes (the author of materials for students - G. Gloveli). The program specifies the goals and objectives of the course, the planned educational results and the system of their assessment, describes the forms and methods of organizing the educational process, as well as a list of educational and methodological and material and technical resources.

Financial Literacy: Resources for Students. 2, 3 classes of general educational organization. In 2 parts

Starting to study at school, the child takes the first steps into adulthood. In order for him not to get lost in it and become a financially successful person in the future, he needs to master the alphabet of financial literacy and learn how to count money. This manual will help him in this. In an entertaining form, here are set out the initial basic concepts from the world of money and their role in our life is shown; it tells what the money is spent on, how to manage it wisely, how to protect yourself from fraudsters, and much more.

Financial Literacy: Resources for Students. 4th grade general education organization

From this book, students will learn about the world of money: how and where it came from, what they are, what is the difference between cash and non-cash money, what is a family budget and why it is important to plan it correctly, how people increase their income, how to protect themselves from fraudsters and about many other things.

5 - 7 grades of a general educational organization (basic general education)

The manuals tell about the complex world of money and the basic rules of human behavior in it. It explains in detail where the family income comes from, what the family budget is and why it is important to plan it correctly. A significant place is given to the protection of a person from the risk of losing money and property, the interaction of the state and the family, the possibility of improving a person's financial condition by organizing his own business. The manuals are written in an easy, well-understood language for schoolchildren and can serve as a basis for conducting classes in the classroom, preparing independent projects and solving financial problems together with parents.

8 - 9 grades of a general educational organization (basic general education)

The materials are designed to familiarize adolescents with the basics of rational financial behavior - how to rationally organize and optimize the future family budget, what should be done to improve personal and family well-being, why it is important to foresee the possibility of financial losses and how to minimize them, how to learn how to manage your finances from a young age in order to have a comfortable old age, etc.

10-11 grades of a general educational organization (secondary general education)

The manuals in an accessible form set out the main aspects of personal finance management, taking into account modern trends in the development of the financial sector of the economy and current legislation. The tasks contained in the manual are aimed at developing the cognitive activity of students, independence and initiative in the field of personal finance management.

10 - 11 grades of a general educational organization. Mathematical profile (secondary general education)

The manual contains a mathematical description of the questions traditional for disciplines on financial literacy: simple and compound interest, accounting for financial flows of different times, calculating the price financial instruments and evaluation investment projects... A significant place is given to examples of problem solving. To describe and assess the risks associated with financial transactions, the concepts of probability theory and mathematical statistics are actively used. The materials are redundant and suggest the student's ability to independently master the sections on the theory of probability and statistics.

10 - 11 grades of a general educational organization. Economic profile (secondary general education)

The course is devoted to the key issues of the functioning of modern financial institutions and the mechanisms of human interaction with them. The course covers such financial concepts, as commercial banks, investment funds, market valuable papers, tax system, pension funds and others, their essence is revealed and their place in the financial life of modern Russia is shown.

Materials of the training course on financial literacy for students of educational institutions of secondary vocational education

The manuals in a simple and accessible form set out the issues of the financial well-being of the family and the management of funds. In addition to such standard topics as savings, credit, insurance, taxes and pensions, discussed in the manual, legal aspects the relationship of employees with the employer, issues of employment and career growth, organization of private entrepreneurship, measures to protect against financial fraud, etc. Participating in the analysis of real life situations and business cases, in group projects and discussions and completing tasks for data search and analysis, students prepare to use the knowledge gained in practice.

Planning personal and family budget, the ability to correctly think about expenses, timely payment of bills - a modern person must be able to accumulate these actions so that one day he does not experience financial difficulties.

An important step in improving the financial literacy of the population is educational institutions, in particular schools. As reported to NashGorod.ru in the press service of the Central Bank of Russia, about a year and a half ago, a training and methodological kit (TMC) "Fundamentals of Financial Literacy" was developed, consisting of a textbook, a workbook and a methodological manual for a teacher. The Central Bank of Russia initiated the creation of educational literature. At the same time, it is noted that the teaching materials received the approval of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation and recommended to Russian schools.

Pilot teaching has been launched in 72 regions; by the end of 2017, the number of schools participating in the testing of the new methodology will approach 500, the press service of the Central Bank noted. In addition, over 300 methodologists and tutors attended the training course organized with the support of the Bank of Russia at the Academy for Advanced Training of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. In the future, the introduction of financial literacy lessons in all Russian schools.

If earlier the term “financial literacy” sounded only at lectures on economics in universities, today schoolchildren are already learning the basics of financial science.

According to the press service of the Omsk Region Branch of the Siberian State University The Central Bank Russia, the Omsk Branch and the regional Ministry of Education signed a joint plan to improve the financial literacy of students in Omsk schools for the 2017/2018 academic year.

The coverage of Omsk schools that are involved in the financial literacy program will increase significantly over the next years. This year, gymnasiums No. 19, 26, 88, 140, 147, lyceums No. 64, No. 92, 143, school with in-depth study of individual subjects No. 109 took part in financial literacy lessons as part of the All-Russian campaign "Days of Financial Literacy in Educational Institutions" and Lyceum "Business and Information Technologies"Tatyana Dernova, Minister of Education of the Omsk Region.

In addition, during the autumn and spring holidays, students will be invited to an educational excursion to the regional branch of the Central Bank. Preschoolers will be offered to take part in the drawing competition "Merry Adventure of the Ruble", and students will be given a lecture on the safe use of payment cards, the press service of the regional Ministry of Education said.

Today, for many, taking out a loan is no more difficult than just going to the store, and the inability to properly organize their expenses can, in the end, lead to serious consequences. Over time, the rules for handling money have also changed; now they require a more mature and deliberate approach.

Competent budget

According to financiers, budgeting is the only competent way out when planning expenses and revenues. The Public Opinion Fund cites figures: 10% of Russians do not calculate spending and expenses, but relies only on the amount that is currently in their wallet. One of the most common mistakes Russians make, as practice shows, is the lack of control over their own income and expenses. In such cases, money may start to "flow away" from the wallet, for example, there will be unplanned trips to a cafe or for new clothes, meetings with friends and weekends with children - these little things often add up to amounts with 4-5 zeros.

However, according to the Agency for Financial Research, only 42% of citizens keep records of income and expenses, 16% - constantly save money.

To learn how to plan, you can set special programs on a smartphone, experts advise. These programs allow you to record and analyze all expenses. Today the market provides a huge variety of such programs, some of which are for families. More detailed information about this can be found on the Central Bank website in the corresponding section.

In short: by installing the program on a smartphone, you can eventually learn to reduce some inconspicuous spending, which in the future will save a substantial amount.

Documents need to be kept

Each of us has our own social circle, consisting of relatives, friends and just acquaintances, so stories related to financial difficulties become the subject of discussion for a long time. Someone complains that there is no money until payday, someone has problems with the bank ...

“Two months ago I saved up the amount necessary for full repayment loan, decided to close it ahead of schedule, - writes Omsk in social networks. - I called on the phone hotline bank, specified the amount and deposited it through an ATM. A month later, I received an SMS message: you have an overdue debt in the amount of [...] rubles. It turns out that I did it wrong early repayment, or rather did not issue it at all, the loan was not closed. "

Such mistakes are common, the only way out is in this case - apply to the bank with the requirement of a written document on closing the loan - it must be kept for at least 3 years.

In addition, stored at home bank documents can be very useful if the bank loses its license. Sometimes bankers do not register deposits in the database, so depositors are left without if the bank loses its license. The solution is the same: keep all bank documents, including the bank agreement.

Backup piggy bank

Experts include the so-called absence of a "safety cushion", that is, those savings, the purpose of which is to pay unforeseen expenses, to common mistakes in maintaining family and personal budgets. It so happens that life presents surprises - joyful and not very - entailing exactly this kind of expenses. "Have reserve fund everyone should, ”the financiers emphasize.

Initially, in order to start saving money and form a stock, an amount of 5-10% of monthly income is enough. At the same time, as experts advise, the best place to save is a depository account in a reliable bank - this is both saving money and protecting it from inflation.

It is worth noting that the choice of a bank must be treated with special care, first of all, check the information on the Central Bank's website, whether the deposit insurance system operates in this bank, because only these banks have the right to attract depositors. Secondly, it is worth paying attention to the conditions that the bank offers, for example, the rates on deposits. Too high rates should make you think about the reliability of the credit institution.

Children - about money

Childhood is the best time toa person can start to master difficult topic finance. Hit is necessary to talk about money, children learn to handle it more easily, both psychologists and economists are sures. In some families, it is not customary to talk about financial topics; they try to protect children by all means from everything connected with them.

Gaps in knowledge such as financial literacy often have dire consequences for a grown-up child. He uses only conjectures that mislead him.

In this direction, the main task for parents is to educate a financially literate citizen, to provide as much information as possible on how to handle money, so that even in childhood, the child will understand that money is a resource that has limitations. You need to be calm about money, but always weigh your real abilities and capabilities. Parents can be helped in this matter by discussions on financial topics, as well as advice from professionals - they can be easily found on specialized sites.

Since the beginning of the school year, Russian schoolchildren have been studying a new discipline - financial literacy. How to arrange order in personal financehow to establish economic stability in the family, will be taught, starting from the second grade.

While the project is being implemented as an experimental one, the lessons are conducted as electives. In the future, it is planned to study this subject at the lessons of social studies, life safety, mathematics. The first to take part in the experiment are schools in the Kaliningrad, Volgograd, Saratov, Tomsk regions, Altai, Stavropol, Krasnodar regions and in Tatarstan.

Experts from the Ministry of Finance have developed a draft training manual designed to improve financial literacy russian populationto develop massive economic Education... Moreover, financial literacy will be developed not only by the schoolchildren themselves, but also by their parents, as well as by children from orphanages and boarding schools.

The project is headed by Andrey Bokarev, head of the international finance department under the Ministry of Finance. In his opinion, Russian citizens occupy an approximately average place in the world in terms of financial literacy, that is, of course, we are not leaders, but at the same time we are not outsiders. However, there is a problem: our fellow citizens pay little attention to planning family and personal budget. As shown by social research data, 90 percent of Russian citizens do not plan spending for a period of more than one month.

Another weak point, the head of the international department called the lack of awareness of the population about where and how they can defend their rights in situations where they were not provided with high-quality financial services... Most believe that for such reasons one should contact Sberbank branches. Unfortunately, many have not even heard of the fact that they can contact Rospotrebnadzor or the Central Bank. Few people remember about consumer protection organizations.

At the same time, even those citizens who know about their rights and which organization should accept their claims, as a rule, do not apply anywhere. This is due to the extremely low level of trust in such organizations. Most of the Russian population does not believe in the possibility of winning their case in a dispute with bank representatives. On the other hand, as Andrei Bokarev notes, the situation is by no means hopeless: if the case is still heard in court, then most often (according to the research, about 90%) decisions on claims are made in favor of the affected consumer.

This is about where and how to protect their financial rights, and they will teach Russian schoolchildren in the framework of the new project. Children need to understand the value money, they are earned by labor, and not taken out of the nightstand. Therefore, schoolchildren must learn to count money, store it correctly, and make savings.

Also, the problem of our society is the belief that all financial lossesarising from unsuccessful investment, ill-considered loans, should somehow be compensated by the state. That is, rash decisions were made by citizens on their own, and the state is invited to answer. This somewhat infantile mentality of Russians has developed due to historical reasons, traditions and, again, an insufficient level of financial competence.

With the introduction of a new school subject, the organizers of the project consider it their task to change this situation, raise the level of economic perceptions of citizens, teach them to correctly plan their budget, think thoughtfully about lending, loans and personal responsibility for their financial activity.

What should be a financially literate person?

According to experts from the Ministry of Finance, this is, firstly, a person who plans personal budget a year ahead.

Second, a financially literate citizen analyzes the market banking services, but does not come to the first bank that comes across to conclude an agreement. After all, it is quite possible that in the neighboring financial institution you can get more favorable conditions.

Third, a civilized and competent person knows everything about his rights, how and where they can be defended.

Fourth, an important condition for stability in any budget, including personal, is the presence of an airbag. There must be a certain supply of funds to hold out on dark days. Circumstances can be very different, you can lose your job, the bank can go bankrupt. A person who is competently planning his budget should have a reserve of money at least three or four months in advance.

Most of our people, unfortunately, are used to learning from mistakes. But this is not at all necessary. Let the children at school learn how to handle money properly. At school they have a lot of subjects that may not be useful in life. Unless you are an engineer or a mathematician, you will hardly ever need knowledge of cosines and cotangents. And we buy food every day. This is real life, you also need to prepare for it and manage your funds correctly, as a civilized financially literate person.

Financial literacy classes began in Russian schools on September 1. So far - optional, and later - within the framework of the subjects of social studies, mathematics, life safety, history and geography. Pioneers - Tatarstan, Saratov, Volgograd, Tomsk, Kaliningrad region, Krasnodar, Stavropol and Altai regions.

The "RG" correspondent got acquainted with the textbooks, which will be used not only by children, but also by parents and teachers from the 2nd to the 11th grade. For them, materials were released that were developed within the framework of the project of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and the World Bank "Assistance in increasing the level of financial literacy of the population and the development of financial education in the RF ".

Project director Andrei Bokarev told about how to properly educate in yourself and your child a respect for money and whether it is worthwhile to financially encourage children.

Andrey Andreevich, children in last years much more often they began to buy goods themselves, use mobile applications, plastic cards... And all this - imitating adults. And how savvy are the Russians themselves in financial matters?

Andrey Bokarev:All sociological studies show that we are far from outsiders in matters of financial literacy, but rather a confident "middle peasant". There are obvious leaders - Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand. Their leadership is due to the fact that they came to understand the importance of financial literacy 20 years ago, at the same time they had the first programs that other countries use to replicate their experience. Moreover, Russia is adjacent in the ratings with countries for which high level per capita income, which proves once again that the problem of financial literacy is common to all countries, regardless of the stage of economic development.

What makes us different?

Andrey Bokarev:One of the key problems is that people in Russia do not understand the importance and significance of financial planning your budget. Unfortunately, recent studies by NAFI show that no more than 10 percent of Russian families plan their expenses for more than a month. Another problem is that people do not know where they can turn to protect their rights in the event that financial services are provided to them in bad faith. Many believe that Sberbank deals with these issues. Unfortunately, the Central Bank and Rospotrebnadzor are rarely mentioned, few people remember about consumer protection societies. But even if the respondents know where to go with their claims, more than 60 percent of them will not do so, being sure that they have no chance of winning in a dispute with banks. Although practice shows that in almost 90 percent of legal claims, the decision is made in favor of the injured party. The situation is not hopeless.

People are used to learning financial literacy from their mistakes. Apparently, it is better if knowledge and skills are instilled from childhood. But at what age and is it necessary?

Andrey Bokarev:Definitely needed. Children in schools go through many subjects, knowledge of some of them is unlikely to be useful to them in everyday life, unless, of course, specific science becomes their vocation. For example, if you are not a mathematician or engineer by profession, then I do not think that you will ever remember about tables of integrals or about tangents with cotangents. But everything related to finance is our reality.

Last year, 5 regions tried to take a financial literacy course. How many Russians took the first step?

Andrey Bokarev:More than seven thousand children, parents and teachers took part in testing then. The textbooks were approved, and starting from the new academic year, many schools in the pilot regions are starting to teach financial literacy using them. Now, under the auspices of the Ministry of Education, work is underway to include the basics of financial literacy in the course of social studies. Subsequently, we plan to include certain aspects of the course in other school subjects, for example, in the course of mathematics. This can be a cycle of tasks for solving the simplest situations of the family budget.

Let's say a school has expressed a willingness to educate children in financial literacy. Who will teach it?

Andrey Bokarev:Now we are engaged in the creation of federal and regional methodological centers. By the end of 2017, over 15 thousand teachers will be trained in these centers, who will teach lessons in schools in the future. A teacher of any qualification can take the course and receive a certificate. But we believe that the lion's share of the participants will be social science teachers.

Parents try to ensure the independence of the child by giving him pocket money. What amount, in your opinion, should be limited so as not to spoil the child?

Andrey Bokarev:How much to give the child for pocket money, each family decides independently, depending on the income. There is no definite answer. From the point of view of whether this should be done, I believe that children should have pocket money. Children should be on personal experience feel the value of money.

A great responsibility lies with the parents, who must convey to the children that the money is not taken from the chest of drawers, that the family has a limited budget. And from a certain age, conventionally from 8-10 years old, you can already connect the child to the discussion family expenses... Participation in budget planning will make him feel like a full member of the family. Now, unfortunately, 77 percent of Russian families with children do not talk to them about money at all. There is no such tradition, no practical skills.

Inmates of orphanages and boarding schools will be taught financial literacy

At one time, British colleagues were faced with the fact that more than 60 percent of young people graduating from high schools and colleges found themselves in debt. And it is not surprising: teenagers rent a house, actively use gadgets, and shop online. It was this situation that forced the British to instill the basics of financial literacy in children at school.

Here, the child has money from moms-dads, grandparents. What to do next: compulsively advising the child on how best to spend the funds, or letting him manage the first finances?

Andrey Bokarev:To foster a responsible attitude towards money in a child, he must be given the opportunity to decide for himself what to spend it on. Parents should only help with advice, for example, how to save up for a purchase with pocket money.

A simple arithmetic calculation is very indicative. Suggest that your child, for example, give up unhealthy treats - chips or soda. Thus, he will be able to save about 50 rubles a day - at first glance it seems a little, but in a month - already one and a half thousand rubles, 18 thousand accumulates in a year. Or offer to divide the money into two parts: let him spend the first on anything, the second in the piggy bank. Even if he does not listen to you and decides to "spend" money on small everyday pleasures, do not "nag" him for this. It's just that the next time he starts talking about a new phone, let him know that wasting doesn't make a dream come true.

77 percent of families in Russia do not talk with their children about money, as parents do not keep track of their expenses and income

How is it going in your family?

Andrey Bokarev:My son is six years old. And he is quite restrained in his desires. We do not have such that, passing by the shop window, he poked his finger at the toys with shouts: "I want, I want, I want!" With him, you can safely walk through the children's shops. If he likes something, he can gently pull the hand and admit it, without any tantrums. Now he went with his grandparents to rest, and of course I gave him the money with me. I know that he wanted a water pistol, and he bought one there. But at the same time he bought a gift for mom and dad. Although no one told him that he should bring something. He did it himself.