Water resources of the Eastern Macroregion. Presentation on the topic "Eastern Macroregion". General features of the Eastern Zone
Type of lesson:lesson for the formation of new knowledge
Form of the lesson:combined
Classes: Partially search, lesson to study new material.
Material support:
textbook V.P. Dronov, V.Ya. Rum "Geography of the population and farming of Russia", table "Comparative characteristics of macroregions", atlas, contour cards, economic map of Russia, presentations, supporting sheets.
Objectives:
Educational:
- form a general idea of \u200b\u200bfeatures Eastern zone;
- compare Western and eastern zones ( natural conditions, population, economy)
- know the story of VMR, EGP, its composition, resources, problems and prospects of Macro Region.
Developing:
- continue to work out skills and skills to work with atlas, textbook, contour card and various sources of information (work with statistical material);
- acquisition of work skill with additional material, the ability to select the desired material;
Educational:
- acquisition of the skill of discussion, the formation of the ability to discuss, draw conclusions, defend its point of view;
- economic education of students; Relieve love for the native edge.
Plan lesson:
1. Organizational moment
2. Introduction: Teacher's Introductory Word
3. Studying a new material
4. Generalization and fixing material
5. Summing up the lesson
6. Information about the homework
Note: in the course of the lesson, students draw up support sheets with subsequent delivery to check and evaluate the work performed
Structure occupation
I. Organizing time
II. Preparation for the main stage of the lesson. The introductory word of the teacher.(Slide number 1)
I will remind you of the words of A. Tvardovsky from the poem "For Dal - Dal":
Ural! I will give an unheoming sadness to the tribute ...
And behind the Urals - Trans-Urals, and there is its own, other distance.
Look at the card and tell me how this "Dal" is called east of the Urals? Yes, Siberia and the Far East begins behind the Urals! Previously, these words refrigerated the hearts of people, they were horrified on them, because the idea of \u200b\u200bthe cautor and reference was connected with them. No wonder it was previously said: "Who in Siberia did not have, he did not see herself." Now few people do not know about Siberia and the Far East.
Question class: What associations do you have this edge?
III. Studying a new material according to plan:(Slide # 2 - №3)
1) the introductory part
2) Comparison of Western and Eastern Macroregions
3) Common features Regions of the Eastern Zone
Composition of the region;
- EGP;
- the main stages of development;
- Natural resources.
4) problems and prospects for the development of Eastern Macroregion
1) the introductory part(Slide №4)
We continue to get acquainted with the economic areas of Russia.
Question class:
1. What is economic zoning and what are the principles of zoning?
ER is the allocation of territories that differ in its specialization of the economy and territorial division Labor
Principles :
- administrativedetermining the unity of economic zoning and political and administrative division;
- economic, considering the area as part of the economic complex with a certain set of industries;
- national, Taking into account the peculiarities of labor and life of the population.
2. What major macroregions allocate in Russia? (Slide number 5)
On the territory of Russia, two macroregion is allocated - West and Eastern, which are distinguished by common natural conditions, the devils of the economy, the trends of further development.
3. How many economic regions in Russia? Distribution by region.
2) Comparison of Western and Eastern Macroregions.(Slide number 6-№8)
The main principles of allocation are the level of economic development of the territory, the relationship between the most important resources and the degree of their use. Western macroregion (European part and Urals) is located in people more favorable conditions than Eastern (Siberia and Far East). Over the Urals, more than half of the territory lies in the zone of many years of marzlot, many swamps, complex mountain sites. But it is here that the main mineral, forest and water resources of the country are located. Almost 4/5 Russians live in the western zone, whose settlement began for a long time. It was here that the core of the Russian people was developed and a Russian state was formed. And only in the XVI century began the development of Siberia and the Far East.
| Signs | Western macroregion |
Eastern Macroregion. |
Favorable, central. Developed transport links |
Distance from the center (peripheral position), a rare transport network. Proximity to Asia countries. |
|
Natural conditions |
For most of the territory favorable conditions. Moderately cold winter, warm summer. Relief is plain. |
The conditions are unfavorable, harsh, extreme in winter. Relief in the south and east mountain, seismicity, long-term permafrost. Western Siberia - Swamper |
Natural resources |
Resources are exhausted. Forests have been preserved in the north, the fish resources of the Barents Sea. Iron ore kma. Fertile soils in the Central Committee, Volga region and in the North Caucasus. Water deficit in the south. |
Rich wood reserves (80%), oil (70%), gas (91%), coal, non-ferrous metal ores, diamonds, gold. Rich Fish Resources of the Seas of the Pacific Ocean, Water Resources are 75%, hydroenergoresurs-81% |
Teacher: Listen to a brief about how the development of Siberia and the Far East went (ahead of the task of the most prepared student)
Pupil:
At the end of the 16th century, the development and settlement of Siberia Russian begins. At the same time, the fastening of the huge territory to the east, it happened extremely quickly: from the campaigns of the legendary Ermak in Western Siberia (1582) before the exit of the order of Ivan Moskvitin to the Pacific Ocean (1639) passed 60 years. Russia from the Russian state has become Russian, as it includes the territory inhabited by different peoples in its composition. After joining Russia, the creation of a network of cities that have become a supporting base of resettlement and consolidation of territories begins. This process began in the 16-17 centuries from the creation of fortresses - the Ostrov: Tyumensky (1586), Tobolsky (1587), Tomsk (1604), Yenisei (1618), Krasnoyarsk (1628), Yakutsk (1632), Okhotsk (1648).
Thus, in less than 100 years of Russian state, the extensive taiga spaces from the Urals to the shores of the Pacific Ocean were entrenched. Later, cities were created in the forest-steppe and steppe zones, and then in the south of the Far East. In general, 44 cities were created before the revolution. Currently, there are hundreds of cities, there are two cities of Millionaire. Possessing huge sizes and natural wealth, the region is still poorly developed.
3) Common features of the Eastern Zone Areas:
A) district composition(Slide number 9) – p. 309 in tutorial
B) EGP(Slide number 10)
Work is offered, where you need to highlight the positive and negative aspects of ECP East Macroregion.
Slide text:
Washed by the waters of two oceans; removed from the center; Lack of iron and highways in the northern regions; has a greater length from north to south, from west to east; Large in Square economic regions; harsh climate and permafrost; borders with the Ural Economic Area; a lack of labor resources individual territories of the Asian macroregion; has huge reserves of mineral raw materials; the presence of large water resources; It has iron I. car expensiveconnecting the West and East.
C) the teacher gives the task to allocate economic stages Development of this region and write to the notebook with the words of the teacher. In the course of the story of the teacher, students allocate the main stages of development
Teacher:
For centuries, the population of Siberia and the Far East has been engaged in nomadic cattle breeding: reindeer herding in the north and breeding of sheep and horses in the steppe, fisheries and hunting in the taiga and on the coast of the seas. Fishing element was not overcome until the 19th century. After the cancellation of serfdom and especially the Trans-Siberian Railway, Millions of Peasants from the Central Guberniy hung into the forest-steppe and steppe areas of Siberia. Their efforts of Western Siberia were turned into a large grain and livestock area. Eastern Siberia and the Far East remained still underdeveloped, the development and use of lands was extensively. In 30-50, Stalinist repressions began. A large number of people were resettled forcibly into the territory of Siberia and the Far East. Thanks to them were built cities, bridges, roads to hard-to-reach areas, the development and mining of minerals were carried out. During the war years, most of the military enterprises were transferred to the cities of Western Siberia, located along the railway, which served as the development of the industry of this region. In the 1960s, oil and gas production begins in the north of Western Siberia, which gave impetus to the development of the oil and gas industry. In the 70s, large transport construction is carried out (BAM, the road to the West Siberian North, Amuro-Yakut Highway - AIM). These roads were held to the places of minerals of Eastern Siberia and the Far East, which served as the construction of settlements and cities. During this period, territorial production complexes were formed.
Pupils allocate the main stages:(Slide number 12)
1. Construction of the railway.
2. Development agriculture.
3. Making big labor repressed to the development of the region.
4. War years and the further development of industry.
5. Development and mining of minerals Western Siberia.
6. Building Bama.
7. Formation of TPK.
D) practical work with a card(Slide №13)
Teacher:Using the atlas and the map in the textbook on page 300, give a characteristic of the main resources of this macroregion.
The student on maps gives the answer:(Slide №14)
Mineral
– The West Siberian Economic Area is rich in the north and in the central part of oil and gas, in the south-east of coal, polymetallic and copper ores.
- Eastern Siberia is rich in brown, coal, apatitis, phosphorites, gold, iron, polymetallic ores, nickel ores.
- Far East - tin, copper, brown and coal, oil and gas.
Agroclimatic resources.
Since the territory extends from north to south, it passes from a cold belt to moderate subsidence.
Soil resources.
Only the southern part of Western Siberia and Eastern Siberia is rich, since most of the territory is permafrost.
Water resources.
These are large rivers Ob, Irtysh, Yenisei, Lake Baikal.
Forest resources.
There is a taiga zone and mixed forests in the territory, so the territory is rich in forest.
Conclusion: General features of the Eastern Zone Areas:(Slide №15)
Significant area, but in general, weak settlement;
- Significant natural contrasts: "North-South", mountains - plains, coast - continent, as well as the overall extreme of natural conditions, creating difficulties in mastering;
- relative (compared to the western zone) "youth" of the economy;
- a huge natural resource potential at a relatively low level of its modern use;
- the concentration of the economy to the south, where the best provision of transport, primarily railway;
- relatively large importance of water and air transport in the implementation of intraranslate ties.
4) problems and prospects for the development of Eastern Macroregion
Teacher: Using the textbook text (p. 307) compile and write down the problem of the region and development prospects in the table.
Pupils draw up a table in a notebook:(Slide number 16)
| Problems | Perspectives |
1. Disintegration of the Soviet Union. 2. Railway highways (two) were in Kazakhstan. 3. The need to reconstruct Transsib. 4. Economic reforms led to a reduction in population. 5. Conversion on the defense industry. 6. Weak transportation. |
1. Use of meridional river paths. 2. Creation of aviation intercontinental messages through the internal areas of the country. 3. Development of infrastructure transport and social. 4. Creating new vehicles. 5. Use satellite communications. |
IV. Consolidation (Slide number 6)
Question class: Make a conclusion about the development of the Eastern Macro Region and the possible prospects for this region.
Output:
1. The region occupies a huge territory, removed from the central regions of Russia. The farther from the European part, the harder to carry out interregional links. The Eastern Region needs to develop external economic ties with the countries of Eastern and Central Asia. The transport network is poorly developed, so you need to build new roads, especially in the north of the region, develop river and air traffic.
2. Natural conditions are unfavorable (they do not contribute, and make it difficult to master the territory).
3. Natural resources are richest, but their development is more expensive than in the European part of the country. The economy of the region is based on local resources, but it is necessary to develop and high-tech industries.
4. The infrastructure is very poorly developed, difficult living conditions are the causes of weak population of the territory and lack of labor resources.
5. Strong problem, especially for the Far East and Asian North, demographic situation. This is one of the threats of national security: if there is no population, our great and mighty neighbors are injured us.
Work with the card
Show Economic Areas of East Macroregion;
Federal districts of the region;
Changes in the administrative-territorial device of the macro-region;
The value of Chao in the geographical separation of labor.
V. Summing up the lessons:
Nevertheless, Siberia and the Far East ceased to be on the periphery of state interests. Recently highlighted colossal financial resources on development. In particular, the federal target program and a number of other programs for the Far East. More detailed acquaintance with the economic districts of Eastern Macro Region awaits you ahead.
Vi. Homework: § 59-60 (Fill out a table to the end), questions on page 309
Page 10.
Economy. Eastern Macroregion is the main fuel and energy base of the country, the main producer of aluminum, supplier of ore col. Metals, fish and forest products. In the future, the production of resources will not increase. It must be accompanied by their deep comprehensive processing. Here, in the future, energy-intensive and low-tech industries in the deep conversion of defense enterprises should be dynamically developing.
Eastern Macroregion with its enormous territory is weakly secured by transport. Therefore, it was here that large transport construction (BAM, roads to the West Siberian North, Amuro-Yakutskaya Magistral - Ayam, and others).
Modern geopolitical and econ.-geogr. The position of Russia, the complication of links through the ports of the Baltic and Black Seas, which became the ports of independent states, increase the importance of ports of the Far East. Increasing the role of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region for foreign economic relations of Russia even more enhances their meaning.
With the further development of the economy, which takes into account the interests of the protection of nature, the formation of new TPK in the Eastern zone requires a leading development of transport, social. spheres, as well as scientific bases in Siberia and the Far East on the basis of major academic centers - Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, and conversion scientific centers defense profile.
In the eastern zone, three R-on: West Siberian, East Siberian, Far Eastern. All of them differ in scale and degree of population, as well as the territory of the territory.
Territory and population of Eastern Macroregion
| Large regions | Territory, Million CM2 | Population, million people (1993) | Share urban population, % | Population density, pers. / Km2 |
|
West Siberian | ||||
|
East Siberian | ||||
|
Far Eastern | ||||
|
Eastern zone |
West Siberian District
West Siberian district focuses almost half of the population (46%) of the East Macroregion Zone, occupying 1/5 of its territory.
EGP R-on, located on the borders of the Western and Eastern regions and Kazakhstan, is quite favorable. It is provided by the system of transport highways for which intensive bonds are carried out: w / d - latitudinal and meridional (trans-Siberian, South Siberian, Turkestan-Siberian), pipeline. More than 90% of the territory of the district occupies the West Siberian lowland and only 8% - the mountains. In the depths of Western Siberia, oil is concentrated, gas in the district of the near and far north (mainly in the Tyumen region), in the Kemerovo region. - Kuznetsky coal pool. Iron ores are mined in a mountain spuri. In the district there are no Metals, salt reserves (Kulundy Lakes), large forest reserves and water resources.
Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Karazireg Secondary School"
Yutazin municipal district of the RT
Abstract lesson geography
in grade 9.
"East Macroregion"
prepared
geography and biology teacher
Syrayeva Rufia Rafkatovna
Old Karazire
2014
Goals and objectives:
Educational:
introduce students with the peculiarities of the Eastern Macroregion
Developing:
continue to work out the skills and skills of working with the atlas and the textbook, continue training in intellectual techniques of independent cognitive activity (allocation of the main, structuring of educational material, systematization of knowledge, conclusions),
continue training in the Singapore Education Method.
Educational:
bring up love for the native edge;
contribute to understanding their own intellectual achievements as a successful characteristics of a modern person.
Classes: Partially search, lesson to study new material.
Equipment: Cards with tasks, satin, contour cards, wall cards: physical, transport, multimedia presentation
During the classes
org. moment
studying a new material.
We continue to study the regional part of the course. In the past lesson, we finished learning Western Macroregion..
Theme lesson: Eastern (Asian) Macroregion
Today is an introductory lesson. We will add existing knowledge about the peculiarities of the region, generalize and systematize them.
Let's start the lesson from the words of Casimir Lisyansky: "All Siberia and generous and rich!".
OS FINK RATI ROUND ROBIN (students think about the answer to the question, write down and take turns discuss their answers in the team) The question arises: why, despite the huge natural wealth, the East macro-region has a low degree of economic development so far?
We will try to answer this question today.
We define the borders of the Eastern Macroregion.
Show on the map.
The territory of the VMR in the West borders the Urals and the European North,
in the south, state borders with Kazakhstan, Mongolia and North Korea, northern and eastern outskirts are washed by the waters of the Northern Icetic and Pacific Oceans, and also have water borders with the United States and Japan.
Question:
- Name the pioneers whose names are related to the studies of Siberia and the Far East.
Yermak Timofeevich, Fedor Popov, Semyon Dezhnev, Yerofee Khabarov, Ivan Moskvitin, S. Chelyuskin, Brothers Laptev and many others.
East Macroregion consists of 3 economic regions: West Siberian, East Siberian and Far Eastern.
At the last lesson, you received individual tasks according to the characteristic of the region. The study plan for us is already familiar.
Plan for studying the region
1. EGP
2. Natural conditions
3. Natural resources
4. Population
5. Economy
On the tables are located Estimated sheets. During the lesson, you will set an assessment for the work of yourself and your classmates. Your final assessment will be exhibited taking into account your self-esteem, appreciation of comrades and my
EGP
OS Round Table (students in turn perform written work in a circle on one sheet of paper)
Card Task:
1. Highlight the positive and negative sides of the ECP Eastern Macroregion:
washed by the waters of two oceans;
removed from the center;
lack of iron and highways in the northern regions;
has a greater length from north to south, from west to east;
large economic areas; (The area of \u200b\u200bthe entire region is 75% of the country's area (12 million km 2).
harsh climate and permafrost;
borders with the Ural Economic Area;
lack of labor resources of individual territories of the Asian macroregion;
has huge reserves of mineral raw materials;
the presence of large water resources;
it has iron and road connecting the West and East.
2. Determine the length of the region from the north to the south and from the West to the East.
3. Take the conclusion about EGP.
Output: Thus, the region occupies a huge area, has a peripheral position. The farther from the European part, the more difficult to carry out interregional connections.
2. Natural conditions
Card Task:
1. Using atlas maps, give an estimate of the natural conditions of the Eastern Macroregion:
Relief;
The nature of the earth's crust;
Climate;
Water - rivers, long-term Merzlota.
2. Take the conclusion about the natural conditions of this region.
Output: Natural conditions are unfavorable (they do not contribute, but make it difficult to master the territory). The severity of nature and the remoteness of the territory from the mastered areas leads to an increase in the cost of work in the region 2-5 times. Payment of workers in the north is 1.5-3 times higher (northern coefficient).
3. Natural resources
Card Task:
1. Using atlas cards, textbook text page 302 and statistical materials (see Table 1) Give an assessment of the natural resources of the Eastern Macroregion:
Fuel;
Ore;
Water;
Forest;
Fish;
2. Make conclusions about the economy and feasibility of active exchange between Central Russia and Western Siberia;
between Central Russia and the Far East.
Table 1
Areas
Basic natural resources
West Siberian
Oil, Gas, Coal, Peat, Iron Ore, Polymetals, Wood
East Siberian
Coal, iron, copper, nickel, tin, molybdenum, uranium ores, gold, hydropower, forest
Far Eastern
Coal, Gold, Diamonds, Tin, Tungsten, Antimony, Mercury, Graphite, Fish, Forest, Hydropower
Output: The territory of the region has tremendous reserves of natural resources. Western Siberian natural resources are actively used in Western regions and are even exported. Oil and gas of Western Siberia transit goes to Europe. To transport ore, coal, forest from the Far East to the West is economically unprofitable. For interdistrict transport, unique resources and products of the fishing industry are used.
4. Population
Card Task:
1. Using Table 67, p. 308, textbook text page 301 and atlas maps, card on 1 outer textbook and statistical materials Page 45 - 47 Give the characteristic of the population of the Eastern region:
Population size;
Population density;
Urbanization level;
Migration;
Cities;
1. Take the conclusion about the security of the region by labor resources.
2. Express your suggestions what needs to be done so that people stay to live in the north.
Output: In general, the region has a low population density and is weakly secured by labor resources.
5. Economy
Card Task:
1. Using a textbook card with. 298 (Fig.76), a map on 2 front textbook, atlas maps, annex 5 p. 393 and statistical materials page 126 Find out the fectures of the Eastern Macroregion farm:
Specialization of the macroregion (development factors);
Specialization industry.
2. Take the conclusion about the features of the economy of the region.
Output: The economy of the region is based on local natural resources, and the sectors of the mining industry prevail.
4. Stages of the development of the region
The task:Highlight the economic stages of the development of this region and write them down in the notebook in the course of my story.
For centuries, the population of Siberia and the Far East was engaged in nomadic cattle breeding: reindeer herding in the north and breeding of sheep and horses in the steppe, fisheries in the taiga and on the coast of the seas. Up until the 19th century. After the cancellation of the serfdom and especially the Trans-Siberian Railway in the forest and steppe regions of Siberia, millions of peasants from the central provinces were hung. Their efforts of Western Siberia were turned into a large grain and livestock area. Eastern Siberia and the Far East continued to be undeveloped, the development and use of land went extensively. In 30-50, Stalinist repressions began. A large number of people were resettled forcibly into the territory of Siberia and the Far East. Thanks to them were built cities, bridges, roads to hard-to-reach areas, the development and mining of minerals were carried out. During the Great Patriotic War, most of the military enterprises were transferred to the cities of Western Siberia, located along the railway, which was in the further development of the industry of this region. In the 1960s, oil and gas production begins in the north of Western Siberia, which gave impetus to the development of the oil and gas industry. In the 70s, a large transport construction is carried out (Baikaliama Magistral - Bam, the road to the West Siberian North, Amuro-Yakut Highway - AIM). These roads were held to the places of mineral deposits of Siberia and the Far East, which served as the construction of villages and cities. All this contributed to the creation of large territorial production complexes on the basis of effective energy and raw materials. Although in general, the transport and economic development of the territory remain low.
Check which stages you highlighted.
Main steps:
Construction railway
Development of agriculture
Making a lot of labor repressed to the development of the region
War years and further development of industry
Development and mining of minerals Western Siberia.
Construction railway (BAM, etc.)
Formation of TPK
And now remember the question that was put at the beginning of the lesson: Why, despite the huge natural wealth, the Eastern Macroregion has a low degree of economic development?
Possible answers:
Complex natural conditions;
Severe living conditions;
Outflow of the population;
Weak transportation and social infrastructure.
Based on the identified problems you have a homework.
Individual d / s:
Think out possible prospects for the development of the region.
Advanced tasks in the West Siberian district:
On the atlas cards and additional literature, give the characteristic of the nodal regions of Western Siberia.
Determine the main form of relief and large water objects West Siberian district.
Determine the main natural resources of the West Siberian district.
To the next lesson to have contour cards.
So,what new have you learned today at the lesson about East Macroregion?
General withdrawal by lesson:
Eastern Macroregion occupies a huge territory, removed from the mastered areas. The population is significantly lower here than in Western regions. The region has tremendous natural resources that are studied and not fully used.
List of used literature
Dronov V.P., Rom V.Ya. "Geography of the population and economy of Russia"
Where can I find the problems of Western and Eastern macroregions? And got the best answer
Answer from Pani Ezopenko [Guru]
1. Comparative characteristics of the Western and Eastern Macroregions of Russia. Nature, population, economy
Western Macroregion (European part of the country) includes Central Russia, European North, Ural, Volga region, North Caucasus; East Macroregion (Asian part of Russia) - Western and Eastern Siberia, Far East.
EGP of the Western Macroregion is more profitable than Eastern, as it borders with economically developed countries of Europe, and East Macroregion is only with one highly developed country - Japan. In the Western Macroregion, lowlands predominate, whereas in the east (with the exception of Western Siberia) - Highlands and Mountains. In the eastern macroregion, the climate is more continental and severe (severe frosts, the eternal permafrost dominates).
However, more than 80% of all natural resources of the country are concentrated in East Macro Region (forest, hydropower resources, oil, natural gas, coal, metal ores, freshwater reserves, fish, etc.). At the same time, 80% of the total population of the country lives in the Western Macroregion, 75% of citizens, 85% of industrial and agricultural products are produced, 90% of scientific centers are located, almost all major urban agglomerations. Thus, there is an imbalance in the placement of resources, the population and the economy between the West and East.
Main industries of the economy of the Western Macro Region: manufacturing industry (mechanical engineering, chemical, light, food), agriculture, science; East Macroregion - Mining industry (fuel, hydropower, forest).
Answer from 2 response[guru]
general characteristics Eastern Macroregion.
Geography teacher
First qualifying category:
Volkova O.Yu.
- form a general idea of \u200b\u200bthe features of the eastern zone;
- compare Western and eastern zones (natural conditions, population, economy).
"All Siberia and generous and rich!" Kazimir Lisyansky
The question arises: why, despite the huge natural wealth, the Eastern Macroregion has a low degree of economic development so far?
We will try to answer this question today.
What we will study ....
1. The area of \u200b\u200bthe territory. The borders of the Eastern Macroregion.
2.EGP district.
3. Road conditions and resources. 4. Characteristics of the population.
5. Industrial specialization, specialization factors, largest centers. 6. The structure of agriculture, the main agricultural areas and the industries of agriculture. 7 Transportation, types, main highways, largest transport hubs. 8. Problems and prospects for the development of the area.
Name the pioneers whose names are related to the studies of Siberia and the Far East.
Yermak Timofeevich, Fedor Popov, Semyon Dezhnev, Yerofee Khabarov, Ivan Moskvitin, S. Chelyuskin, Brothers Laptev and many others.
Erofey Khabarov
- West Siberian Economic District;
- East Siberian Economic District;
- Far Eastern economic district.
Ural
European
North
Kazakhstan
Pacific Ocean
Ural
We define the borders of the Eastern Macroregion
Arctic
ocean
North
Korea
Mongolia
Water borders with USA and Japan
- East Macroregion extends from the Urals to the Pacific and covers an area of \u200b\u200b12.8 million km 2 which is almost 75% of the territory of our country. This is a much larger territory of any country in the world.
Features ECG
* The territory of VMR in the West borders the Urals and the European North;
* in the south state borders with Kazakhstan, Mongolia and North
* In the north and east, the outskirts are washed by the waters of the North Ice and Pacific Oceans;
* Has water borders with the United States and Japan.
Positive
Negative
washed by the waters of two oceans
removed from the center;
has a greater length from north to south, from west to east;
large economic areas; (The area of \u200b\u200bthe entire region is 75% of the country area (12 million km2).
lack of iron and highways in the northern regions;
harsh climate and permafrost;
it has iron and road connecting the West and East
lack of labor resources of individual territories of the Asian macroregion;
has huge reserves of mineral raw materials;
the presence of large water resources;
Output: Thus, the region occupies a huge area, has a peripheral position. The farther from the European part, the more difficult to carry out interregional connections.
Natural conditions
Natural conditions are unfavorable (they do not contribute, but make it difficult to master the territory). The severity of nature and the remoteness of the territory from the mastered areas leads to an increase in the cost of work in the region 2-5 times. Payment of workers in the north is 1.5-3 times higher (northern coefficient).
Natural resources
Basic natural resources
West Siberian
East Siberian
Coal, iron, copper, nickel, tin, molybdenum, uranium ores, gold, hydropower, forest
Far Eastern
Coal, Gold, Diamonds, Tin, Tungsten, Antimony, Mercury, Graphite, Fish, Forest, Hydropower
Output: The territory of the region has tremendous reserves of natural resources. Western Siberian natural resources are actively used in Western regions and are even exported. Oil and gas of Western Siberia transit goes to Europe. To transport ore, coal, forest from the Far East to the West is economically unprofitable. For interdistrict transport use unique resources and products of the fishing industry
- Compared to other territories of Russia, the number of residents of Eastern Macroregion is small. If in the European part of the country population density reaches 27 people / km 2, then in Asian 10 times less (2.5 people / km 2 ). The population is concentrated in the south - along the route of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Here, in certain areas, the density is sometimes in tens of times compared with the average.
- Selective development character complex conditions For agriculture, the predominance of urban population was predetermined. In general, in Macroregion, the share of citizens is 73%.
- In some subjects of the Federation, the share of urban population reaches 85-90% (Kemerovo region, Khanty-Mansiysk JSC, Magadan region, Sakhalin region). Currently, 230 cities are located here. Major cities Macroregion are millionaire cities - Novosibirsk (the third largest in the country) and Omsk (seventh in numbers).
Placing the population
Output: In general, the region has a low population density and is weakly secured by labor resources.
Specialization branches
The role of the region in the country's economy is constantly increasing. In the 70s and 1970s, East Macroregion became the main fuel and energy base of the country, the main producer of aluminum, supplier of ores of colored, rare metals, fish and forest products. It was here that the formation of powerful TPKs, concentrating the most important production (for example, production of more than 70% of oil and 91% of the gas). Suctuous macroregion with its huge territory
mastered by transport.
Transport
In the East Macroregion, in the 70s-80s, a large transportation was carried out - the bits, the roads to the West Siberian North, -Amuro-Yakutsky highways.
Economic regions
Territory
West Siberian
East Siberian
Basic natural resources
Far Eastern
Oil, Gas, Coal, Peat, Iron Ore, Polymetals, Wood
Big cities
Coal, iron ore, copper, nickel, tin, molybdenum, uranium ores, gold, hydropower, forest resources
Novosibirsk, Omsk, Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Barnaul
Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Norilsk, Bratsk, Abakan
Coal, Gold, Diamonds, Tin, Tungsten, Antimony, Mercury, Graphite, Fish, Forest, Hydropower Resources
Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Yakutsk, Petropavlovsk - Kamchatsky
- The development of a region with such a major resource base is constrained not only by the severity of climate, but also extreme possible remoteness from the European part of Russia. Therefore, the development of transport is vital important question For macroregion.
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