Construction of a bridge to Crimea - latest news. Construction of a bridge in Crimea - the latest news Is the ice of the Azov sea threatened by the Kerch bridge

Many residents of our country are watching the construction of the Kerch Bridge in Crimea.

It is not for nothing that this project is called the "Construction of the Century". After all, the bridge will connect Crimea with mainland Russia. This will solve many problems of the region and will allow many tourists to easily get to their favorite Crimean resorts.

In the summer, student construction teams took part in the construction of the Crimean Bridge. In 2017, 90 students from different cities of Russia worked at the construction site for two months. Now students are returning to universities, and specialists will continue to work at the construction site.

At the end of August it became known that the construction of the bridge had reached the home stretch. Although the most difficult part of the work has already been completed, the builders will have to work for more than a year to complete the road section of the bridge. The railway part, according to the plan, will be commissioned at the end of 2019.

The installation of the railway arch on the fairway supports was carried out on August 29. The positioning accuracy during lifting was 100%. On the same day, the reliability of its fixation was ensured with the help of wind ties.

The arch of the railway part of the bridge was assembled for about a year on land. The finished arch, the weight of which exceeded 5 thousand tons, was delivered to the installation site and lifted on supports. Soon a road arch will be installed using a similar technology. It differs somewhat in size from the railway one. The road arch is 500 tons lighter, but 3 meters longer. Therefore, before its installation, the right-sided pipe is re-equipped.

According to the plan, the automobile part of the bridge will be launched at the end of 2018. So soon it will be possible to get to Crimea not only by ferry crossing or by plane, without leaving the country.

Work on the creation of a ferry across the Kerch Strait in Crimea continues. Construction has been underway since August 2015, today is the Kerch Bridge, the latest news from the video in September 2017 shows that the work has significantly accelerated and intensified. It is planned that by the end of next year, the crossing will be open for road transport, and in 2019, trains will be launched across the bridge.

The total length of the construction will be 19 kilometers, making the Kerch bridge in September 2017, a video about which is on the Internet, will become the largest in the country. For its construction, money is allocated from federal budget... The project is expensive, costing more than double the amount spent on the construction of China's Danyang-Kunshan Viaduct.

The Chinese authorities spent $ 1.465 billion on it, and the construction of the Kerch bridge, a video in September 2017 confirms this, will cost the state almost $ 4 billion.

Kerch bridge in Crimea, September 2017: video of changes

According to the latest news, the Kerch Bridge in September 2017 became the most popular construction site in the country. Once completed, it will become one of the most high-tech and modern structures in the world. Journalists published data, according to which 209 thousand dollars are spent for each meter of the crossing.

The Kerch bridge during construction, as of September 2017, as reflected in the video, has greatly changed its appearance:

• The bridge to Crimea in September 2017 received a railway arch. This happened much earlier than the project developers had planned, thanks to which the restrictions on the movement of ships were canceled earlier than October 14. The arch was brought to the place of installation on floating supports;
• The construction of a bridge to Crimea in the video in September 2017 also provided for the installation of special supports under the arch;
• Work was carried out to install a pilot section of the upper asphalt;
• The Kerch Bridge in the new video in September 2017 turned into a practice site for student construction teams, which made it possible to attract those who wanted to help in the creation of such an important object in the strait;
• Through the Crimean bridge in September 2017, a video about which shows that hundreds of ships have already passed under the established arch.

Bridge to Crimea in September 2017: actual information

According to the latest news for September 2017, the Kerch Bridge was mentioned in the media due to the fact that different photos of the construction of the structure began to appear. For example, images of the ferry were shown from space from orbit of the International Space Station.

In addition, the well-known search system Google marked the bridge to Crimea in September 2017, but only from the outside Russian Federation... The object across the strait became clearer and better visible from a distance, since the car arch was installed. Tourists and guests of Crimea want to take pictures against it.

Soon it will be easier to get to Crimea via the bridge, the video in September 2017 demonstrates. At the end of 2018, auto traffic will be launched across the crossing.

The bridge to Crimea in September 2017 became the object judicial trial between Russia and Ukraine. Journalists report that the bridge and its construction do not cause any environmental damage to the strait and ecosystem. Russian scientists and experts insist on this, and the Ukrainian authorities say about the pollution of the strait.

Today, on December 23, 2019, the construction of the Crimean Bridge has been fully completed - the movement of passenger trains on the railway part of the bridge to Crimea has officially started, the President of Russia will be personally present at the opening ceremony of railway traffic on the Crimean Bridge. The first trains will leave and cross the bridge on December 25.

The construction of the Kerch bridge in Crimea is one of the most ambitious "construction projects of the century" in Russia, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of the construction of the Crimean bridge that will connect Crimea with mainland Russia. In this publication, we told our readers about how the construction was carried out, answered topical questions around which there were endless disputes and Internet battles did not subside for a long time, especially from Ukrainian neighbors.

It should be noted right away that the new bridge to Crimea is a record construction both for the Crimean peninsula and for the whole of Russia - its length is 19 kilometers, and this is the largest bridge on the territory of the Russian Federation, therefore, this project can be called without exaggeration the “construction of the century” ...

What is the Kerch Bridge to Crimea?

On the Crimean peninsula, not one bridge will be able to receive, but actually two at once - a railway and a road. That is, these will be two parallel bridges, which have the same arch-passages for shipping transport, but otherwise they are absolutely independent of each other. The priority is, of course, the road bridge, and according to the plan, its delivery is scheduled for the end of 2018. And in 2019, the builders promise to hand over the railway bridge across the Kerch Strait, which will connect the Kuban and Crimea.

At the first stage of construction, the builders installed piles that go into the ground to a depth of 90 meters at different angles. The indicated depth is due to the so-called "weak soils", which make it difficult classical methods construction of bridge supports.

After the installation of deep-water piles, at the second stage of the construction of the bridge, the installation of span structures began, the most important elements of which are the supports of the navigable span. At two bridges, these supports are connected and fenced off with a kind of "islands" of reinforced concrete, designed to protect against collisions with ships - both accidental and deliberate.

A section of the federal highway Tavrida will pass through the Tuzla island, in fact, along an additional full-fledged bridge, but not over the water, but over the spit. The question arises: "Why is it impossible to lay an ordinary road, and not build a bridge over the spit and islands, driving in piles?" You need to understand that the Tuzla spit is a rather unreliable place for laying a route, therefore, it was decided to build a bridge along it, thus, even if the spit is washed out by the sea several decades later, the bridge will not go anywhere and the road and rail communication through the Kerch Strait will not be interrupted.

Why such deep piles for the Crimean bridge?

It is impossible to build a Crimean bridge without special piles, because the bottom of the Kerch Strait is a weak soil. But what does the term "soft ground" mean? In fact, the bottom of the strait is a mixture of mud, silt and liquid clay. In other words, this is a kind of "porridge", and not a hard rock, so it will not be possible to install ordinary piles into it. For the reliable installation of the bridge supports, special deep piles are needed so that they can reach solid, dense soil under the silt of the Kerch Strait and anchor themselves so rigidly.

During the construction of a bridge to Crimea, piles are perhaps the most important part! At this construction site, several types and sizes are used. More than 3000 piles will be installed for the railway bridge in Crimea, and more than 2500 piles for 288 supports will be installed for the road bridge.

Before starting the pile work on the fairway section, the staff of the research institute checked the bearing capacity of the soil and pipe piles in the Kerch Strait. A stand was specially deployed in the water area, on which the pile to be tested was loaded with 6 hydraulic jacks. The latter provided a pressure of 2,500 tons, as a result of which they determined the degree of pile settlement and soil resistance.

Svetlana Bokhanova, director of the Scientific Research Institute of Diagnostics, said: “Static tests allowed us to obtain the actual bearing capacity of the piles on the ground. This confirms the correct choice of design pile foundation fairway supports "... Three types of piles are used for the foundation of railway and road bridge supports.

These piles will be driven different ways, for example, bored piles are installed on the sections of the bridge overland. Initially, a hole is drilled in the ground, after which "soft soil" is removed from it. After the hole is drilled, a metal frame in the form of a giant pipe and fittings is lowered into it and poured with concrete. To make one support, from 8 to 120 piles are needed - in each case, their number depends on geology.

Today builders have to face a significant problem - weather conditions. According to statistics, stormy weather is observed about 10 times a month, and during this period it is not possible to carry out work from the water. To solve the problem, two working bridges were built across the strait (from the side of Kerch and Taman), along which construction machinery moves and drives piles. The installation of piles for bridge supports is carried out on several sites simultaneously, 21 contractors are working.

On the water section of the construction of the bridge, tubular piles are used, which are driven in at different angles, these angles of inclination at the piles are the same, but they are driven in in different directions, creating, as it were, a supporting beam.

The height of the piles is impressive - some are over 100 meters, and against their background a person looks tiny. To prevent corrosive processes, piles are painted in places of contact with sea water, which is a rather aggressive medium for metal. Each pile is assembled from several parts: after driving in a part of the pile, the next piece is welded onto it, and so on. A pile up to 100 meters long is driven in about a day and a half. When all the piles for one support are driven in, a grillage is laid on them - this is a platform on which the bridge span will subsequently lie. The grillage is made of metal structures, and the assembly process is carried out on the spot, right above the driven piles.

It takes about 28 days for the concrete to harden and gain the necessary strength - this is how much time the grillage will "rest". On the ready-made grillages, they begin to collect the bridge spans. By the way, the railway bridge across the strait is assembled from metal blocks twisted together. The spans are assembled on jacks, and after they are ready, they are lowered onto the grillages.

Such technologies and pile driving depth are used to ensure that the bridge across the Kerch Strait is able to withstand a powerful earthquake.

What earthquake will the bridge to Crimea withstand?

In the Kerch Strait, an earthquake with an amplitude of up to 8.6 on the Richter scale can occur extremely rarely - about once every 500 years. A magnitude 9 earthquake can occur once every 1000 years. And only once in 2000 years an earthquake with an amplitude of up to 9.3 points can happen. But the bridge in the Kerch Strait is not the first and far from the last construction in the world, which is being carried out in conditions of increased seismic hazard.

But what happens if an earthquake of magnitude 8 on the Richter scale occurs in Crimea? When powerful tremors begin, the main wave will be "taken over" by the bridge supports, and the vibrations going from the supports to the spans will be damped by anti-seismic devices, which are a kind of "layer" between the bridge span and the support. Of course, during such tremors, the roadway will crack and it is possible that the rails will undergo deformation. But in any case, the basic structure of the bridge will stand. The project stipulates that the bridge must withstand even a strong earthquake of 9 points. Of course, after such an impact, repair and restoration work will be necessary, but the bridge structure itself will be preserved and will not collapse.

The navigable span of the bridge across the Kerch Strait is the most critical and difficult section of the bridge, and each fairway support will be installed on 110 piles, the diameter of which is about one and a half meters. Shipping aisles are from both temporary construction platforms and barges. High temporary platforms are being erected near the site of future fairway supports. In the future, they will be equipped with impressive cranes, the function of which is to lift and drive piles.

How do the builders of the Kerch bridge live?

The life of the workers is no less interesting than the construction of the Kerch bridge across the strait itself. The workers work on a rotational basis: they work 15 days, and then rest for the same amount. Average wage is about 35,000 rubles (it all depends on the position), but housing and food for workers are provided free of charge. In addition, once a month, workers are paid travel to and from home.

In the dining room construction camp Mostostroevites, located 20 minutes from the bridge, workers have breakfast and dinner, but they have to dine at their workplace - food is brought directly to the bridge. Hot meals and soups are packed in thermal bags.

In total, about 2,000 people are involved in the construction of the Kerch bridge. Workers and builders live in block houses of a specially built town. Each room is occupied by 4 people. In the dining room for the Mostostroevites, the menu is quite varied, that is, you can choose from various dishes, food, as we have already said, is free.

Criticism regarding the reliability of the bridge on soft ground

Due to the significant thickness of silty soils that do not differ in hardness, the piles of the future bridge are “driven” to an impressive depth, which ranges from 18 meters to 70 meters, depending on geology. In total, the bridge has 595 supports, for each of which geological wells were drilled to study the rock hardness.

There is one more feature of the construction - the piles are not driven vertically, but with a certain inclination, this is done in order to give the supports additional stability.

Is the ice of the Azov sea threatened by the Kerch bridge?

During the Great Patriotic War, for the railway communication of the peninsula with Taman. But 4 months after the launch of the bridge, its structure was destroyed by the ice of the Azov Sea. Will it not happen that the new bridge will suffer a similar fate?

Have you ever wondered how bridges are built beyond the Arctic Circle? The supports of the future Crimean bridge are designed for ice loads that are possible in the Kerch Strait. In addition, there will be substantial spans between the bridge supports, so no additional ice-breaking assistance is needed. Despite this, in order to control the ice situation during the operation of the bridge, regular monitoring of the situation will be carried out. And if the need arises, in the port of Novorossiysk there are icebreaker-type vessels that are ready to reach the Kerch Strait in 8-10 hours to crush fields from ice.

How was the route of the bridge across the Kerch Strait chosen?

Sometimes there are questions on the network, for what reasons was chosen the current place and route for the construction of the bridge to the Crimea, because there are sections that are smaller in length?

It should be noted right away that the decision was not spontaneous, at the expert council before the start of the design of the Kerch bridge, 74 options for the transport passage through the Kerch Strait were presented. The expert council considered all of them and recommended the most optimal one - to build a bridge over the Tuzla spit.